Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-28T21:13:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacão - Edinardo Rodrigues Lucas - 2016.pdf: 19077249 bytes, checksum: c49a9650b8e12ca3bb256286e7ea6d5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T12:58:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacão - Edinardo Rodrigues Lucas - 2016.pdf: 19077249 bytes, checksum: c49a9650b8e12ca3bb256286e7ea6d5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T12:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacão - Edinardo Rodrigues Lucas - 2016.pdf: 19077249 bytes, checksum: c49a9650b8e12ca3bb256286e7ea6d5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Great deal of Brazilian cities’ territory could show urban quality of excellence if the state as a funding entity and a promoter of urban interventions such as the construction of housing projects put value on the project. Goiânia, capital of Goiás state, is a city that was planned in the early 1930s to house 50,000 inhabitants. In 2015, its population exceeds 1.4 million people. In addition to the original city plan — made by architects Attilio Corrêa Lima and, later, Armando de Godoy —, a significant part of its urban fabric had an effective participation of the State in its building by conducting and implementing housing projects of social interest. This study aimed to think of Goiânia’s urban space production that was a result from housing developments undertaken by local government, since the early days of territory occupation to the present day. It focuses on architecture and urbanism based on the idea that a social housing plan needs a clear understanding of past processes and of scars left in the territory. To understand the current and past processes was necessary to seek theoretical frameworks that conceptualize housing and city also in its subjective dimensions expanding the possibilities of analysis. In a second step it was necessary to establish a research methodology that would enable the analysis at different scales (municipal and enterprise) reaching satisfactory results formatted based on quality parameters from different authors. Done methodology, research brings a periodization of the issue of housing in Goiania analyzing aspects of the production of urban space in the municipal scale and highlighting projects that are analyzed in more detail. The mapping and analysis of the production of detailed urban space in two main case studies (Conjunto Vera Cruz and Residencial Jardim Cerrado) allows reflect on the projective premises that contribute to the creation of qualified spaces for full human development. Research results lead to the understanding that a social housing project must be connected to a city project. Thus, promoting the right to housing becomes a tool for a city that was born as planned one to regain control of its expansion by producing and managing urban space to ensure good living conditions for the whole of the population. / Boa parte do território das cidades brasileiras poderia apresentar qualidade urbanística de excelência se o Estado — financiador e/ou promotor de intervenções urbanas como a construção de conjuntos habitacionais — valorizasse o projeto. Goiânia, capital de Goiás, planejada na década de 1930 para abrigar 50 mil pessoas, abriga na atualidade mais de 1,4 milhão de habitantes. Além do plano original — de Attílio Corrêa Lima e Armando de Godoy —, parte significativa do seu tecido urbano teve participação efetiva do Estado em sua construção, em especial na condução e implementação de conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social. A pesquisa apresentada visa refletir sobre a produção do espaço urbano em Goiânia resultante de empreendimentos habitacionais realizados pelo poder público com ênfase na arquitetura e no urbanismo, partindo do princípio de que um plano de habitação social necessita de entendimento claro dos processos passados e das cicatrizes deixadas no território. Para compreender os processos atuais e do passado foi necessário buscar referenciais teóricos que conceituassem habitação e cidade também em suas dimensões subjetivas ampliando as possibilidades de análise. Em um segundo momento foi necessário estabelecer uma metodologia de pesquisa que possibilitasse a análise em diferentes escalas (municipal e do empreendimento) chegando a resultados satisfatórios baseados em parâmetros de qualidade formatados a partir de diversos autores. Concluído a metodologia, a pesquisa traz uma periodização da questão da habitação em Goiânia analisando aspectos relativos a produção do espaço urbano na escala municipal e destacando empreendimentos que são analisados de forma mais detalhada. O mapeamento e a análise da produção do espaço urbano detalhada em dois principais estudos de caso (Conjunto vera Cruz e Residencial Jardim Cerrado) permite refletir sobre as premissas projetuais que colaboram para a criação de espaços qualificados para o pleno desenvolvimento humano. A análise crítica nos leva a crer que um projeto de habitação social tem de estar conectado a um projeto de cidade. Assim, a promoção do direito à habitação passa a ser instrumento para que a capital que nasceu planejada retome o controle de sua expansão, produzindo e gerindo o espaço urbano de forma a garantir boas condições de vida à toda a população.

Notre investigation est une étude du processus de la création spatiale non maîtrisée et du développement de la ville de Kinshasa dans les collines de l’Ouest et du Sud-ouest. Cette recherche a essayé d’analyser les défis et opportunités pour l’aménagement et le développement urbain. Notre attention était focalisée sur la question de l’envahissement des espaces libres et les interstices aux encablures des cités planifiées et ses conséquences environnementales et socio-économiques. A l’issue de cette analyse il s’est avéré d’abord que les politiques urbaines souffrent d’une cohérence en matière d’organisation de l’espace. La maîtrise de l’urbanisation passe par le contrôle du foncier qui pourrait contraindre une expansion spatiale marquée par le paradigme de marginalisation écologique. C’est l’un des principaux moyens de dompter la croissance urbaine et de donner aux quartiers et par le fait même à la ville de Kinshasa la physionomie qu’on lui souhaiterait. / Our investigation is a study of the process of spatial creation and uncontrolled development of the city of Kinshasa, in the hills of the West and of the Southwest. This research has attempted to analyze the challenges and opportunities for planning and urban development. We focused on the issue of the invasion of open spaces and interstices to cables in planned cities and its environmental and socio-economic consequences. Based on our analysis, we concluded that urban policies suffer from a lack of coherent organizing space. Management of urbanization includes controlling land which could constrain spatial expansion, characterized by the paradigm of ecological marginalization. This is one of the main ways to tame urban growth and give neighborhoods as well as the city of Kinshasa the desired physiognomy.

El proyecto está basado en la implementación de un centro cultural en el distrito de Carabayllo originado a partir del déficit cultural arraigado en la zona; de igual manera, con este proyecto se busca desarrollar una identidad colectiva que enorgullezca a los habitantes y convierta al distrito en la capital social de Lima norte. Estos objetivos estarán desarrollados bajo la arquitectura social y sus distintas estrategias de diseño que permitan la relación constante entre la trama urbana existente y la estructura social. Por este motivo, se propone un edificio mimetizado a su perfil urbano que fomente la generación y revitalización de espacios públicos mediante un programa de usos comunes educativos, laborales e inclusivos basados en las necesidades de sus habitantes. / The project is based on the implementation of a Cultural center in the district of Carabayllo, originated from the cultural deficit rooted in the area; likewise, this project seeks to develop a collective identity that will make the inhabitants proud and turn the district into the social capital of northern Lima. These objectives will be developed under the social architecture and its different design strategies that will allow the constant relationship between the existing urban fabric and the social structure. For this reason, it is proposed a building blended with its urban profile to promote the generation and revitalization of public spaces through a program of common educational, labor and inclusive uses based on the needs of its inhabitants. / Trabajo de investigación

Cette thèse contribue à interroger le renouvellement des rôles et statuts associés aux grands axes de circulation en milieu urbain et ce, au double prisme des théories urbanistiques qui ont pu les prendre pour objet, et des démarches de projets participant de leurs transformations effectives dans un contexte prônant le « refaire la ville sur la ville ». Chacun de ces angles d’approche a été plus particulièrement abordé dans une des deux parties constitutives de cette recherche. La première partie est ainsi centrée sur une analyse interprétative des places et valeurs fluctuantes accordées aux différentes typologies de rues dans le champ de l’urbanisme. Celle-ci a permis de mettre l’accent sur certains des ressorts ayant contribué à faire de ces typologies spécifiques de voies, des « angles morts » des principaux modèles théoriques d’organisation et de hiérarchisation du réseau viaire. Leur reconsidération amène dès lors à plus largement s’interroger sur l’étendue des potentialités programmatiques et projectuelles induites par ces évolutions de même que sur les formes potentiellement prises par un tel réinvestissement. Celles-ci ont été plus particulièrement traitées dans le cadre de la seconde partie, fondée sur une investigation plus « empirique » de cet enjeu, et articulée autour d’une démarche de « mise en regard » des projets d’High Street 2012 à Londres et de la rue Garibaldi à Lyon. La grille de lecture mobilisée pour leur analyse a permis de faire émerger le constat d’une grande diversité des objectifs et des formes données aux projets actuellement développés sur ces axes, en même temps qu’un renouvellement des ambitions, plus plurielles, qui leur sont associées. / This thesis contributes to question the renewal of the roles and status associated with the mixed-used arterial corridors in urban area and this, trough both the filter of urban planning theories relative to them as well as the project approaches participating in their effective transformation in a context claiming to “built cities on top of cities”. Each of those perspectives have been particularly explored one of the two parts of this research. The first part is thus centered on an interpretative analysis of the places and fluctuating values corresponding to the different street typologies found in urban planning and urban design theories. This bring to light few of the characteristics that participated to bring some specific street typologies in the blind spot of the principal theoretical models of organization and hierarchisation of the street network. Their reconsideration leads then to a larger inquiry about the extend of the potential programs and projects induced by those evolutions and later to the potential forms of such reinvestment. Those latest have been particularly considered within the second part, based on a more “empirical” investigation of those challenges and articulated around the comparison of the London High Street 2012 and the Lyon Garibaldi Street projects. The analytical grid employed helped to reveal a large diversity of the objectives and forms of the various projects developed on those urban axes and on the same time a renewal of the ambitions associated with them, more plurals and composites.

L'objectif de ce travail est d'appréhender les processus de la formation du tissu urbain de l'agglomération de Châteauneuf, créée autour de la collégiale Saint-Martin au cours du Moyen Âge à l'ouest de la cité de Tours. La complexité de cet espace, la densité et la diversité de la population à cette période ainsi que la richesse architecturale identifiée dans cette zone en font un terrain privilégié d'analyse de la fabrique urbaine, c'est-à-dire des relations entre l'espace urbain et les sociétés qui l'ont produit. L'étude des vestiges architecturaux médiévaux en pierre, associée à celle de sources complémentaires comme les sources textuelles, permet de proposer à la fois une synthèse typologique sur les constructions médiévales et une réflexion à l'échelle du parcellaire et de l'agglomération, pour mettre en évidence les formes urbaines et leurs transformations du 10e au 14e siècle / The purpose of this thesis is to understand the processes of the urban fabric in the town of Châteauneuf, created in the Middle Ages around the St-Martin's basilica, near the city of Tours. The complexity and density of the settlement together with the diversity of the inhabitants make this place a preferential area in order to study urban fabric and relations between space and societies which created it. The architectural analysis of stone buildings, combined with other data such as historical sources, allows the creation of a typological synthesis of the medieval buildings but also the analysis of the urban forms and their evolution between the 10th and the 14th centuries

L’étude du fonctionnement et de la fabrique de Vendôme du 11e au début du 19e s. propose une lecture différente des villes intermédiaires en montrant toutes la complexité du phénomène urbain dans un type de ville très souvent réduit à son origine castrale. La ville résulte en fait d’une multitude de temporalités et de spatialités où le temps des acteurs et de leurs projets n’est pas celui des structures. Tout d’abord, une approche théorique présente les concepts et la modélisation de l'espace urbain utilisés dans ce travail (1ère partie). Puis, l’étude de Vendôme dans la longue durée met en évidence quatre grandes phases dans le fonctionnement urbain, durant lesquelles les fins poursuivies par les acteurs et leurs répercutions spatiales sont étudiées (2ème partie). Enfin, sont analysées les structures de la ville, tant morphologiques que fonctionnelles, grâce à une modélisation de l’espace urbain prenant en compte la multiplicité des objets de la réalité urbaine (parcelle, réseau de voies, domaine construit…) évoluant chacun dans leur temporalité propre mais interagissant entre eux (3ème partie) / The study of the functioning and of the urban fabric of Vendôme between the 11th and the beginning of the 19th century offers a different interpretation of small towns showing the great complexity of the urban phenomenon in a type of town often regarded as the simple result of the construction of a castle. As a matter of fact, a town is the result of a large number of time and space units in which the time of the people involved in various projects is not the same as the time of structures. To start with, the concepts and the modeling rules of urban fabric used in this research are defined (part 1). Then, the study of Vendôme in the longue durée allows to distinct four main phases in the urban functioning for which the projects fulfilled by various actors are analyzed as well as their impact on urban space (part 2). Finally, urban structures are considered both from a morphological and functional point of view through a model based on the diversity of urban objects such as plots, street system, buildings etc. which have their own timing but interact with each other (part 3)

La ville de Rouen est, du 10e au 15e siècle, un centre religieux puissant. Siège de l’archevêché, cet espace accueille près d’une quinzaine de communautés religieuses et comprend trente-six églises paroissiales à la fin du Moyen Âge. Ces communautés religieuses, qui suivent une règle, doivent, au 10e siècle, s’insérer dans un espace urbain déjà formé par les multiples interactions entre la société et son environnement. L’intégration d’un complexe monastique ou conventuel doit composer avec les autres éléments constituants de la ville tels la voirie, l’habitat ou les pôles de pouvoir. La prise en compte des différentes composantes de l’espace urbain n’est pas le seul élément déterminant de l’implantation des communautés : le lieu choisi résulte également de l’observance de la communauté et du soutien de bienfaiteurs influents. La construction d’un complexe monastique ou conventuel au sein de la trame urbaine est un processus plus ou moins long impliquant l’acquisition de divers terrains et leur aménagement. Par la suite, ce complexe religieux modifie son environnement dans la longue durée que ce soit par des agrandissements successifs ou par la modification de ses abords. Cet enclos gèle une portion de l’espace urbain et s’inscrit durablement dans le parcellaire de la ville. Enfin, les communautés agissent – ou interagissent – sur tout l’espace urbain : d’une part, par leur rôle dans la formation du maillage paroissial, d’autre part par la création de secteurs urbains spécifiques ou par leurs possessions foncières. Ces différentes facettes de l’impact des communautés religieuses dans la ville de Rouen ont été étudiées à l’aide d’une base de données textuelles et d’un système d’information géographique qui permet de travailler à différentes échelles d’espace et de temps. / From the 10th to the 15th century, the city of Rouen is a powerful religious center. Seat of the archbishopric, it is home to nearly fifteen religious communities and includes thirty-six parish churches in the late Middle Ages. During the 10th century, these religious communities, who follow a rule, need to integrate an urban space already shaped by the numerous interactions between society and its environment. The integration of a monastic or conventual complex needs to reckon with the other components of the city, such as road networks, residential areas or power centers. Taking the different building blocks of the urban space into account is not the only factor determining the settlement of communities: the chosen area also depends on the observance of the community and the support of influential benefactors. The building of a monastic or conventual complex at the heart of the urban fabric is a relatively long process that requires acquiring and transforming several plots of land. Subsequently, the religious community shapes its environment in the long term whether by successive enlargements or by modifying its surroundings. This enclosure blocks part of the urban space and establishes itself firmly in the city’s parcel plan. Lastly, the communities act – or interact – all over the urban space: on the one hand through their role in the formation of the parish network and on the other hand through the creation of specific urban sectors or their land holdings. These different aspects of the impact of religious communities in the city of Rouen have been studied thanks to a textual database and a geographical information system allowing work at different scales of time and space.

The city of Isfahan, one of the most historic urban settlements in Iran, has undergone dramatic socio-spatial transformations during the recent decades, beginning with the modernization programs of the 1920s. While the urban structure of Isfahan was the outcome of a process over centuries of incremental evolution, a new mode of place making and street patterns was imposed on the historic fabric of the city within the space of only a few decades. From a design methodological perspective, this dissertation analyzes how the socio-spatial interactions have influenced the formation of Isfahan over the course of its history. In this respect, some of the crucial periods of Isfahan’s urban development history are discussed. It is argued how the contemporary urban renewal doctrines have affected the existing socio-spatial communications of the city along its transformation path. Therefore, the essence of this study is to illustrate the mutual relations between physical transformations and social communications through the city of Isfahan. However, this research has no intention to criticize the modernization of cities, since they are often unavoidable and necessary. But it targets the rigidity of urban design strategies as were implemented in the historic cities of Iran. In this thesis, the information-rich case of Isfahan is discussed through a descriptive analysis combined with the deployment of mixed method strategies. The ultimate goal is to develop alternative ideas which can support revitalization of cities with respect to their socio-spatial communications as well as their architectural heritage. / QC 20110128

Dans les villes françaises, les évolutions récentes en matière de conception urbaine ont rendu incontournable la reconstruction de la ville sur elle-même dans le respect de son environnement. La ville doit désormais être de bonne qualité environnementale urbaine. Même si cela semble aujourd’hui une évidence, la fabrique urbaine de la qualité environnementale pose encore question car c’est une notion multi interprétée dans le champ scientifique comme dans le champ opérationnel.Cette thèse en urbanisme et aménagement inscrite dans le champ de la géographie sociale, porte sur les multiples acceptions de la qualité environnementale urbaine. Elle questionne en particulier la prise en compte des acceptions qu’en ont les habitants dans les projets urbains à Toulouse. La thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain par parcours commentés menée auprès d’habitants d’un quartier soumis à de fortes nuisances environnementales, et par entretiens semi directifs auprès de professionnels toulousain du projet urbain. L’enquête de terrain a été complétée par une analyse de documents sur les cadres politique, réglementaire et institutionnel qui régissent la fabrique urbaine.La thèse montre que même si les habitants et les professionnels du projet urbain partagent une dimension subjective et expérientielle de la qualité environnementale urbaine, les conditions politique, règlementaire et institutionnelle de la fabrique urbaine ne permettent pas vraiment de la prendre en compte dans les projets urbains. La thèse ayant aussi comme objectif opérationnel de participer à améliorer la fabrique de la qualité environnementale urbaine, elle propose un prototype d’outil interdisciplinaire et participatif d’aide à sa conception destiné aux professionnels du projet urbain. / In French cities, recent evolutions in urban design and planning have made essential to rebuild the city on itself while respecting its environment. Now, cities have to be of good urban environmental quality. Although it seems obvious today, the making of environmental urban quality is still a question because it is a multi interpreted concept in the scientific field, as well as in the operational field.This Ph.D. in urban planning, well inscribed in the field of social geography, addresses the multiple meanings of urban environmental quality. In particular, it questions the possibility of taking into account the meanings of this concept for the inhabitants in urban projects in Toulouse. The Ph.D. is based on a field investigation by commented paths conducted with residents of a neighborhood subject to severe environmental nuisances, and semi-structured interviews with professionals from Toulouse’s urban projects. The field investigation was supplemented by an analysis of documents on the policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks governing the urban policies.

The practicum examines the impact of the physical layout of cities on the way we perceive them. In particular it examines the influence of natural, social, and built elements in perception of the downtown core of Winnipeg. It goes on to propose an urban design strategy for the downtown core, supported by supplementary urban design guidelines. / October 2016