Every day people are exposed to crimes in Sweden, which can lead to both emotional and practical difficulties. Having the opportunity to get support and help after a traumatic incident can reduce the negative consequences of a crime, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and secondary victimization. In many communities in Sweden there are local support services for the crime victims, but in the district of Östra Norrbotten there are no support activities that specifically address this issue. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if the police in Östra Norrbotten feel that they can offer the crime victim sufficient support or refer to such support. Eight police officers in the district were interviewed to learn about their experiences. The results show that the majority of respondents felt that there are gaps in the field they can´t provide the crime victims to a support that they deem as sufficient or refer to such support. The fact that crime victims do not receive support can lead to negative impact on the recovery from all events. / <p>Validerat; 20130317 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

Hajrizi, M &amp; Todorovic, E. Forskningsläget avseende att som pojke eller ung man leva i en hederskontext. Examensarbete i socialt arbete 15 högskolepoäng.Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2021. Denna studien har syftat till att belysa pojkens och unga mäns perspektiv i ett hedersrelaterat sammanhang och hur deras utsatthet kan komma att utvecklas. Med hjälp av vetenskapliga artiklar som vi har använt i vår tidigare forskning har de gett oss en inblick i att det inte bara är tjejer som faller offer för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Pojkar faller också offer för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck men utsattheten utspelar sig på andra sätt till skillnad från tjejer. Vi karaktäriserar bland annat de krav som ställs på pojkar som lever i ett hedersrelaterat sammanhang och vad som kan uppstå om de strider mot familjens förväntningar på dem. För att synliggöra hedersrelaterade problem från pojkar och unga mäns perspektiv har det varit av stor vikt att använda teorier som maskulinitetsteori och intersektionalitet. Dessa har varit betydelsefulla i den aspekten att pojkar och unga män som utsätts för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck inte alltid kommer från samma bakgrund. Det har varit viktigt att belysa att människor kommer från olika klasser, de har olika åldrar samt olika sexuella läggningar. Vi har haft dessa faktorer i åtanke när vi har arbetat med vårt resultat. Vidare har vi belyst aspekten av att stöd och insatser bör anpassas utifrån den enskilda pojkens förhållanden och livssituation. I vårt metodavsnitt beskriver vi hur vi har tillhandahållit och uppnått våra resultat genom olika kommuners handlingsplaner. Vidare har vi i våra resultat med hjälp av vår metod och olika rapporter förutom pojkens utsatthet specificerat både förebyggande och riktade insatser för pojkar och unga män samt beskrivit hur verksamheter runt om i landet bör fortsätta för att observera och stödja pojkar och unga män i deras utsatthet. Detta för att sprida kunskap om ett fenomen som är vanligare än förväntat samt att vi tycker att det borde ges ytterligare utrymme och uppmärksamhet i framtiden. Nyckelord: Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, hederskultur, pojkar, unga män, utestängning, offer / Hajrizi, M. &amp; Todorovic, E. The Research Area Regarding Living in a Honour- Related as a Boy or a Young Man. Degree project in social work 15 hp. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2021. In this study, we have aimed to shed light on the perspectives of boys and young men in an honor-related context and how their vulnerability unfolds. With the help of scientific articles that we have used in our previous research, they have given us an insight into the fact that it is not only girls who fall victim to honor- related violence and oppression, but also boys and that this vulnerability takes place in other ways unlike girls. We characterize, among other things, the demands placed on boys who live in an honor-related context and what could arise if they go against their family's expectations of them. In order to make the honor-related problems visible from the perspective of boys and young men, it has been of great importance to use theories such as masculinity theory and intersectionality. This has been significant from the aspect that boys and young men who are exposed to honor-related violence and oppression do not necessarily receive the same background. They are different people from different classes, different ages and with different sexualities. We have kept this in mind when we have achieved our result. This is because support and efforts should also be adapted based on the individual boy's conditions and life situation. In our method section, we describe how we have provided and achieved our results through different municipalities' action plans. Furthermore, in our results with the help of our method and various reports, we have besides boys’ vulnerability specified both preventive and targeted interventions for boys and young men and described how activities around the country should proceed to observe and support boys and young men in their vulnerability. This in order to spread knowledge about a phenomenon that is more common than expected and that it must be given further attention in the future. Keywords: Honor-related violence and oppression, culture of honor, boys, young men, exclusion, victims

No description available.

Sedan år 2008 har alla kommuner i Sverige skyldighet att tillämpa Lag om medling med anledning av brott, 2002:445 i samband med en ung lagöverträdare. Bakgrunden till arbetet är att det fanns en önskan om att belysa medling och utvärdera insatsen som bedrivs i samverkan mellan medlingsverksamheten, Polis- och Åklagarmyndigheten, Socialtjänsten, Kriminalvården och domstolens beaktning av detta. Medling som insats grundar sig i teorin om reparativ rättvisa med fokus på att reparera skadan mellan gärningsperson och brottsutsatt. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att utvärdera medverkande aktörers upplevelser av medlingsprocessen i Malmö stad och vilka utvecklingsmöjligheter som identifieras i relation till det brottsförebyggande och trygghetsskapande arbetet. Studien förväntas bidra med utvärderingsunderlag och fördjupad kunskap om medling som brottsförebyggande och trygghetsskapande insats. Materialet har bestått av nio kvalitativa intervjuer med samtliga sex deltagande aktörer i medlingsprocessen. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och sedan analyserats genom tematisk analys. Resultatet som identifierades var att medling i Malmö stad till stor grad fungerar bra, men att det finns utvecklingsmöjligheter som kan förbättra insatsens framgång. Bland annat genom en tydlig ansvarsfördelning, ökad tillfrågan, ökad kvalitet och antal uppföljningar. Medverkande aktörer har betonat att medling kan, om det genomförs på rätt sätt bidra med stora vinster för brottsutsatt och gärningsperson. Studiens resultat kan nyttjas av samtliga aktörer för möjligheten att vidareutveckla insatsen i Malmö stad, men även för andra kommuner att ta del av i sitt arbete med medling. I nuläget saknas dagsaktuella effektutvärderingar av insatsen som kan tillämpas på dagens samhälle, såväl som en kvalificerad processutvärdering som kan följa upp alla de 15 steg som ingår i en kvalificerad uppföljning, vilket är en rekommendation för framtida forskning. / Since the year of 2008 every municipality of Sweden has a responsibility to apply the Law of mediation regarding crime, 2002:445 associated with juvenile delinquents. The background to this paper is established with a desire to shed light on mediation and to evaluate the effort conducted in collaboration between the mediation activity, police authority, prosecutors office, social services, prison service and is considered by the court. Mediation as effort is based upon the theory of restorative justice, focusing on repairing the damage between the victim and perpetrator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the participating actors' experiences of the mediation process in Malmö and what developmental opportunities are identified in relation to the crime preventive and security-creating efforts. The study intends to contribute with evaluation data and in depth knowledge regarding mediation as a crime preventive and security-creating effort. The data consisted of nine qualitative interviews, including the six participating actors in the mediation process. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed through a thematic analysis. The results identified that mediation in Malmö to a large extent works well. However, developmental improvements were detected to improve the efforts' success through a distinct division of responsibilities, increased questioning, the quality and quantity of follow-ups. The participating actors emphasized that mediation can contribute with profits for the victim and perpetrator. The results of the study can be used by all actors in the mediation process to further develop the effort in Malmö. Nevertheless, other municipalities can make use of this paper in their work regarding mediation. Currently, there are no effect evaluations on mediation that can be applied on today’s society, as well as qualified process evaluations with a follow up on all the 15 steps in the qualified follow-up, which is a recommendation for future research.

In 2020 the European Court of Human Rights received applications KlimaSeniorinnen and Others v Switzerland and Duarte Agostinho and Others v Portugal and 32 Others. Verein KlimaSerioninnen Schweiz is an association of some 2500 elderly Swiss women experiencing health issues due to rising temperatures. Applicants in the Duarte case are six Portuguese children and young people experiencing especially the mental health implications of the insufficient European climate policies. The applications claimed for the respondent governments to violate their human rights under Articles 2 (right to life) and 8 (right to respect for private- and family life) of the European Convention of Human Rights. The Grand Chamber of judges delivered decisions for these cases on April 9th 2024. The Court ruled in favor of the Swiss association KlimaSeniorinnen and rejected the rest of the climate change applicants on grounds of admissibility.  In my thesis project, I examine the 2024 decisions focusing especially on questions of victim status and causality. By discussing the rulings this thesis will map out criteria the potential climate change applicants must meet when seeking climate justice from the European Court of Human Rights.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa dokumentstudie var att undersöka diskurser gällande våld i nära relationer bland unga i svenska nyhetstidningar. Materialet bestod av 30 artiklar som valdes ut från de 15 största nyhetstidningarna i Sverige, och med hjälp av ett målstyrt urval utifrån kriteriet att artikeln skulle behandla våld i nära relationer bland unga som huvudämne. Studien utgår från en socialkonstruktionistisk ansats och för att analysera materialet användes Carol Lee Bacchis diskursanalytiska verktyg "What's the problem represented to be?". För en fördjupad analys tillämpades även Bacchis diskursteori, Nils Christies teori om "det idealiska offret" och West och Zimmermans teori om att "göra kön". Studiens resultat landade i tre huvudsakliga diskurser vilka var: unga som utsatta, killars våld mot tjejer och samhälleliga aktörer och vuxnas ansvar. Resultatet visade att unga som grupp framställs som offer för våld i nära relationer i svenska nyhetstidningar, men även att en könad bild av offer och förövare framställs. Media framställde nämligen killar som förövare och tjejer som offer, med vissa undantag. Resultatet visade även att media framställer våld i nära relationer som ett problem som samhället, vuxna och föräldrar har ett ansvar att lösa, vilket lyfte våld i nära relationer som ett samhälleligt problem. Resultatet kopplades även till vilka effekter dessa diskurser har för det sociala arbetet. Dessa innebar att det sociala arbetet riskerar felbehandling av unga utifrån kön och att socialarbetare missar våldsutsatta personer som inte framhävs lika mycket, till exempel unga hbtqi-personer och utsatta killar. En ytterligare aspekt av detta, som även påverkar det sociala arbetet, är att vissa ungdomar blir mer benägna att söka hjälp än andra.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka föreställningar om psykiskt våld i nära relation. Detta grundar sig i att socialarbetare kan bli påverkade hur psykiskt våld definieras och föreställningar om genus gällande våldsutsatta och våldsutövare. Det genomfördes en genusneutral vinjettmetod som innefattade psykiskt våld med tillhörande semistrukturerad intervjuguide utifrån en kvalitativ design med sex socialarbetare. Den empiriska data som samlats in analyserades därefter med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att det fanns föreställningar som blev synliggjorda i samband med studiens vinjetter där respondenterna själva benämnde de våldsutsatta och våldsutövarna med genus. Resultatet visade också att det kan vara svårt både att definiera det psykiska våldet och att identifiera dess handlingar på grundav dess “osynlighet”. Studien har visat att det är viktigt att reflektera över föreställningar om psykiskt våld i nära relation och genus. / The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of emotional domestic violence. This is based on that social workers can be affected by how emotional domestic violence is defined and perception of what gender victim and perpetrator are. The method was gender-neutral vignettes about emotional violence combined with a semi-structured interviews with six social workers. The data was analysed with thematic analysis. Results showed that social workers had perceptions on emotional domestic violence, the respondents named victims and perpetrators in the vignettes by gender. Additionally, the results showed that emotional domestic violence can be difficult to define and identify, due to that it is not physically visible. The results emphasize the importance of increasing the awareness among social workers regarding emotional violence and gender.

Side channels give attackers the opportunity to reveal private information without accessing it directly. In this study, several novel approaches are presented to mitigate cache side channel attacks including Spectre attack and its variants, resulting in several contributions. CHASM shows the information leakage in several new cache mapping schemes, where different cache address mappings may provide higher or lower protection against cache side channel attacks. GuardCache creates a noisy cache side-channel, making it more difficult for the attacker to determine if an access is a hit or miss (which is the basis for most side channel attacks). SecurityCloak is a framework that encompasses GuardCache with SafeLoadOnMiss whereby cache load misses during speculative execution are delayed until the speculation is resolved, thus preventing attacks that rely on accessing data in during (mis) speculated executions. To search for a compromise between security and performance, it is recommended not always to use protections such as SecurityCloak protections, but also to activate the protection only while executing critical sections of code or on-demand when an attack is detected (or suspected). Our experimental results show a high degree of obfuscation (and prevention of side channels) with a minimal impact on the performance.

This report is the culmination of literature study and semi-structured interviews which assisted in developing a Model for Implementation of Restorative Justice in the South African Correctional System. The study explores the use of Restorative Justice as part of rehabilitation in a prison setting. Literature focuses mainly on Restorative Justice as part of diversion, in cases of first offenders and less serious offences. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders has been gaining momentum, though. Diversity in terms of language, cultural and religious practice as well as social background, should be considered as it affects the decision to enter into a Restorative Justice process. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders is challenging and in the main a largely unsupported field. The study draws on experience from other countries, while at the same time advocate for uniquely South African practice. The involvement of the most important role players, namely victim, offender and the community is emphasized. Attitude and insufficient training seem to be some of the challenges for the implementation of Restorative Justice. Successes are reported in the few sites where Restorative Justice is implemented in the Correctional System, but a change of mindset, of being open to possibilities other than lock-up and punish in the entire Criminal Justice System is needed. Restorative Justice in the Correctional System seems to have been approached as yet another new programme, and not as a paradigm shift for the entire Criminal Justice System. Dealing with conflict in a restorative way should be at the front end of the chain, with young children whose behaviour can be directed, as changing behaviour of adults proves to be difficult. Repentance and forgiveness in different cultures and spiritual backgrounds are some of the issues that are grappled with, although forgiveness is nowhere indicated as a requirement for a successful Restorative Justice process. Voluntary participation is required from victims and offenders with support from communities. It remains a deeply spiritual and individual journey for those who choose to turn away from anger, fear and hatred, and start the process of personal healing and restoration. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders can assist in dealing with the aftermath of crime. / Penology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

South Africa is a country steeped in decades of conflict and animosity. Apartheid and its consequences do not simply die: it has created a society struggling for survival. Against the backdrop of a country and its people still experiencing an extended social crisis, these struggles are socially constructed through various forms of aggressive, traumatic and violent behaviours such as crime victimisation. The resultant effect is that many South Africans are traumatised and require assistance to manage and deal with the impact of traumatic exposure. Counselling and psychological services within the South African context are limited, potentially expensive and often inaccessible to the poor. One way to address the needs of victims of crime and violence, is through the establishment of one-stop multidisciplinary crisis centres that specialise in short term crisis intervention service delivery. One such a crisis centre is the Sinoville Crisis Centre (SCC). The purpose of the study is to present an exploratory qualitative and participatory action research account of the SCC's endeavours and ongoing challenges in providing crisis intervention services as well as to serve as a guideline for future development. Research interviews with seven (7) SCC counsellors were complimented with a focus group interview. Subsequent conclusions were grounded in relation to relevant subject theory. Three (3) broad categories of recommendations are provided. Specific recommendations are levelled in relation to: * The SCC's crisis intervention models * The SCC's need to manage organisational change and loss; and * The SCC's role within the Victim Empowerment Programme. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)