In today’s working life both the physical and the psychosocial aspects has to be considered when examining the work environment. The psychosocial working environment is of great relevance because it illuminates the individual's perception and experience of relationships and phenomena at work. This essay aims to investigate, describe and analyze the obligation an employer has to pursue in order to tackle high short- term sickness absence and at the same time manage the psychosocial work environment at the workplace. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to acknowledge the European legislation on this subject matter in order to broaden the understanding of the comprehensiveness of the term psychosocial work environment and how applicable laws and guidelines apply in working life. The legal methodology has been used in order to answer the questions of this essay. The social perspective worked as a complement to the legal method in order to observe new problems and conduct more information in how to confront this issue at small scale enterprises. In conclusion this study deals with a complex situation where every case is unique. It is not possible to prevent all short-term sickness absence, but with the right preconditions and external assistance, employers can handle it without neglecting the psychosocial work environment. By securing a good psychosocial work environment even the smallest enterprises might be able to handle short- term sickness absence.

As the literature on work–family conflict grows and absenteeism increasingly comes into the spotlight, one cannot help but ask the question: “What is an acceptable absenteeism rate and how can an organisation control and manage absenteeism?” With current absenteeism rates as high as 12% and with an estimated R12 million lost per annum because of absenteeism, the idea of an on-site employer-sponsored childcare facility seems viable. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between absenteeism and on-site employer- sponsored childcare. The following dimensions of absenteeism will be examined over a period of a year: absence frequency, absence intensity, attitudinal absence and medical absence. The results of two companies, one with a facility and one without, will then be compared in order to establish the relationship between absenteeism and an on-site facility. To date, evidence remains mixed and the ongoing challenge of establishing real return on equity remains a major barrier to the support of on-site employer-sponsored childcare. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / The present study aimed to: a) Characterize a sample of adolescents participating in social projects of an Institution in the coast of Sao Paulo, b) Investigate the aspects of the structure and dynamics of adolescents from single parent families, conventional families and other family settings c) Understand the relationships established with parental figures for adolescents belonging to these different family organizations. To this end, initially a characterization of the profile of these adolescents was carried out and, subsequently, six cases of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participating of Social Projects of the Third Sector (NGO) belonging to different forms of family organizations were studied. These teenagers were attended at the Institution where the data were collected. Semi -structured interviews and the Thematic Apperception Test were the instruments used. Overall, the results showed that adolescents from conventional families, that is, with father and mother within the family, were able to internalize the imago pattern in a more integrated way, and go through the adolescence in a more stable manner. The struggle to elaborate mourning is experienced, in tanden with the so-called "Normal Adolescence Syndrome". Youngsters representing families in which the father is not present, present defenses and anxieties characteristic of earlier stages of development. It is our conclusion that further studies are required to meet this demand, so that preventive work can create the conditions for good psychological development, enabling the passage through adolescence and achievement of adulthood in an integrated manner. / O presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) Caracterizar uma amostra de adolescentes participantes de projetos sociais de uma Instituição de uma cidade do litoral paulista; b) Investigar aspectos da estrutura e dinâmica de adolescentes oriundos de famílias monoparentais, convencionais e de outras configurações familiares e, c) Compreender as relações estabelecidas com as figuras parentais por esses adolescentes pertencentes à essas diferentes organizações familiares.Para isso foi realizado inicialmente uma caracterização do perfil desses adolescentes e, posteriormente estudado seis casos de adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos participantes de Projetos Sociais do Terceiro Setor(Ong) pertencentes a diferentes formas de organizações familiares. Esses adolescentes freqüentavam a Instituição, local onde foram coletados os dados. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a entrevista semi-estruturada e o Teste de Apercepção Temática. De modo geral, os resultados mostraram que os adolescentes de famílias convencionais, ou seja, que possuem o pai e mãe no seio familiar conseguiram introjetar a imago paterna de forma mais integrada e, transitam pela adolescência de maneira mais estável. O esforço frente à elaboração dos lutos é vivenciado condizendo com a dita Síndrome da Adolescência Normal . Já os jovens pertencentes a famílias em que o pai não se faz presente no seio familiar, as defesas e as angustias apresentam-se condizentes aos estágios mais primitivos do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos frente a esta demanda para que o trabalho preventivo possa criar condições de um bom desenvolvimento psíquico para que este jovem passe pela adolescência e, chegue à vida adulta de maneira integrada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Silva Baccelli.pdf: 1308089 bytes, checksum: 51903fe88050ceb25d7e5a292d87ebad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / The present study aimed to: a) Characterize a sample of adolescents participating in social projects of an Institution in the coast of Sao Paulo, b) Investigate the aspects of the structure and dynamics of adolescents from single parent families, conventional families and other family settings c) Understand the relationships established with parental figures for adolescents belonging to these different family organizations. To this end, initially a characterization of the profile of these adolescents was carried out and, subsequently, six cases of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participating of Social Projects of the Third Sector (NGO) belonging to different forms of family organizations were studied. These teenagers were attended at the Institution where the data were collected. Semi -structured interviews and the Thematic Apperception Test were the instruments used. Overall, the results showed that adolescents from conventional families, that is, with father and mother within the family, were able to internalize the imago pattern in a more integrated way, and go through the adolescence in a more stable manner. The struggle to elaborate mourning is experienced, in tanden with the so-called "Normal Adolescence Syndrome". Youngsters representing families in which the father is not present, present defenses and anxieties characteristic of earlier stages of development. It is our conclusion that further studies are required to meet this demand, so that preventive work can create the conditions for good psychological development, enabling the passage through adolescence and achievement of adulthood in an integrated manner. / O presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) Caracterizar uma amostra de adolescentes participantes de projetos sociais de uma Instituição de uma cidade do litoral paulista; b) Investigar aspectos da estrutura e dinâmica de adolescentes oriundos de famílias monoparentais, convencionais e de outras configurações familiares e, c) Compreender as relações estabelecidas com as figuras parentais por esses adolescentes pertencentes à essas diferentes organizações familiares.Para isso foi realizado inicialmente uma caracterização do perfil desses adolescentes e, posteriormente estudado seis casos de adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos participantes de Projetos Sociais do Terceiro Setor(Ong) pertencentes a diferentes formas de organizações familiares. Esses adolescentes freqüentavam a Instituição, local onde foram coletados os dados. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a entrevista semi-estruturada e o Teste de Apercepção Temática. De modo geral, os resultados mostraram que os adolescentes de famílias convencionais, ou seja, que possuem o pai e mãe no seio familiar conseguiram introjetar a imago paterna de forma mais integrada e, transitam pela adolescência de maneira mais estável. O esforço frente à elaboração dos lutos é vivenciado condizendo com a dita Síndrome da Adolescência Normal . Já os jovens pertencentes a famílias em que o pai não se faz presente no seio familiar, as defesas e as angustias apresentam-se condizentes aos estágios mais primitivos do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos frente a esta demanda para que o trabalho preventivo possa criar condições de um bom desenvolvimento psíquico para que este jovem passe pela adolescência e, chegue à vida adulta de maneira integrada.

Le présent travail a pour objectif de disserter sur la garantie constitutionnelle de la motivation des sentences judiciaires, norme qui impose aux juges le devoir de présenter les motifs qui les ont conduits à la décision prise. Se caractérisant comme vrai compte rendu judiciare, la motivation de la sentence a aussi une grande importance comme instrument de réalisation d’autres garanties du procès assurées aux citoyens, ansi que de l’impartialité du juge, de la juste audition des litigants et même de la contradiction. En partent de la notion de la motivation de la sentence et d’une analyse historique, la dissertation analyse le rapport de cette garantie avec les autres principes, garanties et instituts du procès, pour à la fin discuter les conséquences des vices de motivation ou de l’absence de la motivation ellemême. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer a respeito da garantia constitucional de motivação da sentença, norma que impõe aos juízes o dever de apresentar os motivos que os conduzem à decisão tomada. Por se caracterizar como verdadeira prestação de contas judicial, a motivação da sentença tem grande relevância também como instrumento de realização de outras garantias processuais asseguradas aos cidadãos, tais como, por exemplo, a de imparcialidade do julgador, a de justa audição dos litigantes e mesmo a do contraditório. Partindo da noção de motivação da sentença e de uma análise histórica, a dissertação enfrenta a relação desta garantia com outros princípios, garantias e institutos processuais, para ao final enfrentar as conseqüências dos vícios de motivação ou de sua ausência.

Den svenska lagstiftningen säger att alla barn och ungdomar har rätt till utbildning. Trots den svenska lagstiftningen är det många som inte kommer till skolan och därför hamnar i en långvarig skolfrånvaroproblematik. Detta kan ses som ett samhällsproblem men också som ett individproblem då barn och ungdomar inte tar del av undervisning och därmed rättigheten till utbildning. Studie- och yrkesvägledaren är en av professionerna i skolan som många gånger ingår i elevhälsoteamet och som arbetar med elevproblematik kring skolfrånvaro. Många gånger blir studie- och yrkesvägledaren en sista utväg i arbete med skolfrånvaron. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa vägledningen med elever med långvarig skolfrånvaro utifrån studie- och yrkesvägledarnas synvinkel. Detta genomfördes genom att utforska på vilket sätt studie- och yrkesvägledarna erfor samtalsprocessen med utgångspunkt i en fenomenologisk ansats. Den fenomenologiska ansatsen användes för att få en djupare förståelse för vägledarnas sammanhang och hur de gav mening åt samtalsprocessen. Insamlandet av data gjordes genom att använda den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun. Därefter bearbetades och analyserades materialet utifrån en modifiering av interpretativ fenomenologisk analys. Utifrån gjorda intervjuer visade det sig att studie- och yrkesvägledarna drevs av altruistiska motiv att hjälpa eleverna dock upplevde de svårigheter i att nå eleverna samt att de upplevde att deras roll kopplas in sent i processen. Den beskrivna problematiken tolkades i studien som upplevelser av motstånd och spänningsfält i samtalsprocessen mellan inblandade aktörer. / According to Swedish legislation, children and youths all have the right to education. Even though it is decided by law, many pupils are absent from their schools. The consequences of this lead to long-term school absence for pupils. This can be seen as a problem both on a social level, but also on an individual level due to the refusal of their rights to education. Career counselling is one of the professions that are occasionally involved in the health aspects of the pupils. The role of the career counselor is sometimes used as a last resort to the problematics of long-term absence among pupils. The purpose of this study was to shed a light on the counselling process with pupils with long-term absence from the point of view of the career counselors’ experiences. This was approached through a phenomenological theory and through qualitative interviews with career counselors. The phenomenological approach was used to gain a deeper understanding of the contexts of the counselors’ and how they made sense of the conversation process. Data collection was done using the qualitative research interview. Subsequently, the material was processed and analyzed based on a modification of interpretative phenomenological analysis. The interviews showed that the career counselors were driven by altruistic motives to help, however, experienced difficulties in reaching the pupils and that their role was usually involved late within the process of counseling the pupils. The problematic of this aspect of career counselling was interpreted in this study as resistance and tension within the conversation process between the parties involved.

Inom äldreomsorgen idag finns det utmaningar iform av hög arbetsbelastning och dåliga arbetstider, vilket innebär att rekrytering är svår i verksamheterna. Den ökade arbetsbelastningen orsakar sjukskrivning, vilket i sin tur leder till mer sjukfrånvaro på arbetsplatsen. Studien bygger på enkätundersökningar hos personalen och intervjuer med andra företag för att dela med sig av tankar och arbetssätt som kan bidra till att utveckla planeringsprocessen. Studien ger idéer och verktyg för verksamheten om vad de behöver göra och förändra för att bli bättre och använda de resurser som redan finns tillgängliga i verksamheten på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga och förbättra planeringsprocessen för frånvaro på grund av sjukfrånvaro för att använda av alla resurser på bästa sätt i verksamheten utifrån teorier som ligger till grund för att belysa olika områden inom problemområdet och sedan hitta lösningar och verktyg för att förbättra processen. Studien har dragit slutsatsen att en uppdelning av uppgifter i dagens process kan underlätta personalens arbete när en ny roll skapas som hanterar den dagliga planeringen. Problemområden har kartlagts och presenterats tillsammans med en lösning baserad på principerna om lean filosofi och hörnstenarna. Processerna som utvecklats i studien bygger på skapandet av en ny roll för att underlätta och lindra det dagliga arbetet hos personalen. / In the field of care for the elderly today there are challenges, such as high workload and poor working hours, which means that recruitment is difficult in the operations. The increased workload causes sick leave, which in turn leads to more sickness absence in the workplace. The study is builds on surveys of the staff and interviews with other companies in order to share thoughts and working methods that can help to develop the planning process. The study provide ideas and tools for the business about what they need to do and change to get better and to use the resources already available in the business on an effective basis. The aim of the study is to map and improve the planningprocess of absence due to sickness absence in order to use best of all resources in the business based on theories that form a basis for highlighting different areas of the problem area, and then finding solutions and tools to improve the process. The study has concluded that a division of tasks into today's process can facilitate the work of the staff when a new role is created that manages the daily planning. Problem areas have been mapped and presented together with a solution based on the principles of lean philosophy and the cornerstones. The processes developed in the study are based on the creation of a new role to facilitate and relieve the daily work of the staff.

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of many chronic diseases. Consequently, the promotion of it and particular types (e.g. walking and cycling for travel), have become a priority for governments seeking to improve health and constrain rising demand on health services. Despite this many uncertainties persist. The aim of this thesis is to address two particular areas of uncertainty: a) the association of walking and cycling for travel with indices of health and well-being; b) and the extent to which increases in physical activity will reduce need for health and social care. The first part of my thesis consists of three studies that describe the health benefits associated with walking and cycling to work among working age adults. The first is a longitudinal study of the associations between maintenance of active commuting with sickness absence and well-being using the Commuting and Health in Cambridge dataset. The second, using the same dataset, describes the longitudinal associations between maintenance of active commuting and self-reported body mass index. Building on this, the third study using a large cohort study (the Fenland Study) with detailed characterisation of diet and physical activity (including objective measurement) describes the baseline associations between active commuting and objective measures of adiposity. The second part of my thesis describes the development of a combined microsimulation multi-state life table model that is used to characterise the effects of a population ‘shift’ in physical activity on the burden of six major diseases at the population-level. Specifically, it seeks to better describe the effect of increases in physical activity on healthcare need considering not just the effect of physical activity on disease incidence but also the effect on healthcare need arising from consequent survival to an older age (at which disease incidence is higher), and contrasts this with a method that does not make allowance for increased survival. The findings of this thesis provide evidence of the importance of walking or cycling to work in maintaining or improving the health and well-being of working age adults. It suggests that increases in physical activity, even after allowance for increased survival, are likely to reduce need for healthcare, although the reductions in need are less than might be assumed when allowance is not made for increased survival. Taken together this work provides a stronger empirical basis to inform public health practice. A stronger ‘health case’ for active travel can be made. The benefits of which should be communicated to individuals choosing how to travel as well as policy makers and others who can influence the determinants of active travel. It also provides a more realistic and nuanced understanding of how increases in physical activity may affect future healthcare need.

Le présent travail a pour objectif de disserter sur la garantie constitutionnelle de la motivation des sentences judiciaires, norme qui impose aux juges le devoir de présenter les motifs qui les ont conduits à la décision prise. Se caractérisant comme vrai compte rendu judiciare, la motivation de la sentence a aussi une grande importance comme instrument de réalisation d’autres garanties du procès assurées aux citoyens, ansi que de l’impartialité du juge, de la juste audition des litigants et même de la contradiction. En partent de la notion de la motivation de la sentence et d’une analyse historique, la dissertation analyse le rapport de cette garantie avec les autres principes, garanties et instituts du procès, pour à la fin discuter les conséquences des vices de motivation ou de l’absence de la motivation ellemême. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer a respeito da garantia constitucional de motivação da sentença, norma que impõe aos juízes o dever de apresentar os motivos que os conduzem à decisão tomada. Por se caracterizar como verdadeira prestação de contas judicial, a motivação da sentença tem grande relevância também como instrumento de realização de outras garantias processuais asseguradas aos cidadãos, tais como, por exemplo, a de imparcialidade do julgador, a de justa audição dos litigantes e mesmo a do contraditório. Partindo da noção de motivação da sentença e de uma análise histórica, a dissertação enfrenta a relação desta garantia com outros princípios, garantias e institutos processuais, para ao final enfrentar as conseqüências dos vícios de motivação ou de sua ausência.

Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar Mar absoluto e outros poemas (1945), de Cecília Meireles (1901-1964). A unidade da seleção dos poemas vem por meio da recorrência de um sentimento da falta, assunto constante na lírica ceciliana e muito representativo em sua terceira obra da poesia madura. Pretende-se pensar a totalidade da produção poética da autora, relacionando-a a obra estudada. São lidos os poemas: Irrealidade, Mar absoluto e Elegia, em cada um deles vê-se, ao mesmo tempo, uma falta fundante e um desejo de encontro. A síntese entre esses dois polos produz um absoluto que conjuga distância e proximidade, ausência e afeto. / This paper aims to analyze Mar absoluto e outros poemas, by Cecília Meireles. What brings together the poems that are part of the book is the theme of absence, which is a recurrent subject in Meireles lyric and clearly depictive in her third work of mature poetry. The objective was to think the totality of the authors poetic production, relating it to the book studied here. We discuss the poems: Irrealidade, Mar absoluto and Elegia. In which one of them, we see, simultaneously, a founding absence and the wish for encounter. The synthesis between these two poles creates an absolute realm that unites distance and proximity, absence and affection.