La política lingüística puede llegar a tener un impacto considerable en la sociedad, incluso interviniendo en la formación de nuestras vidas y identidades. Por lo tanto, es necesario prestar atención a los valores y actividades de las instituciones que regula esa política. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a una mayor comprensión de la política lingüística que actualmente se está desarrollando en el español, enfocando en la conexión entre discurso y práctica de la Real Academia Española. Proponemos, por un lado, desvelar el discurso como herramienta para legitimar la política en la comunidad, y, por otro lado, examinar cómo los planes y mecanismos ayudan a naturalizar las ideologías lingüísticas circulando en este discurso. Centrándonos en el tema de la modernización léxica, utilizamos el método de análisis crítico del discurso para identificar las ideologías subyacentes y luego averiguar cómo estas coinciden e interactúan ideológicamente con las nuevas entradas en el Diccionario de la Lengua Española de 2018. De ahí podemos concluir que la imagen universal del español parece haber reemplazado el panhispanismo señalado en estudios anteriores, a la vez que conecta con la voluntad de elevar el estatus del idioma, principalmente notable en el aumento del léxico especializado. La RAE insiste en transmitir un carácter descriptivo, moderno y popular, aunque hay tendencias valorativas y prescriptivas tanto en su discurso como su práctica. Proponemos que esto se debe a las premisas inherentes de la propia práctica social donde la hegemonía de la institución se funda en una ideología normativa de la lengua. Los datos también revelan que el discurso y la modernización léxica pueden interactuar en la naturalización ideológica, aunque la eficacia del mecanismo modernizador, a ese respecto, varia según la ideología.

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The thesis follows the research stream focused on changes to the academic environment in the recent decades and their impact on academic professional paths and identities. Specifically, it is concerned with the phenomenon of attrition from academic profession which is pursued through a perspective of professional identity. We understand academic identities as an integral part of current changes to the academic environment and their study thus may help us better understand the changes as well as their influence on the development of academic ambitions. The aim of the thesis is to ascertain what kind of people and with what kind of professional identities enter and leave academia and for what reasons, and on this basis to identify barriers to the development of academic identities and paths. Special attention is paid to research field and gender aspects of the development of professional identities in order to explore the possible influence of specific structural factors (mainly field specific organization of academic production and gender specific biographies) and gain information needed for appropriate policy measures aimed at supporting professional development of early-career researchers. The analysis is based on narrative interviews with people who left academic professional path. The outcome of...

Vicente Quirarte (Ciudad de México, 1954) es un poeta que también ha publicado narrativa, ensayo y teatro. Los escasos críticos que se han dedicado a su obra (Frédéric-Yves Jeannet, Ana Chouciño o Marta Piña) destacan su temática amorosa, sin embargo, existe un trasfondo social (no político, ni panfletario) debido a la influencia que el contexto ejerce todavía en la lírica. En el siguiente trabajo definiremos la dimensión cívica como el espacio urbano que inspira el poema. Además de la fuerte presencia que tiene el escenario citadino en la obra del poeta mexicano, la relación con la historia (por su padre, el historiador Martín Quirarte, suicida en 1980), la pintura (que permea desde Contemporáneos) y el superhéroe (donde sobresale El Hombre Araña) permiten trazar desde Calle nuestra (1979) a La miel de los felices (2017) una caracterización de la poesía mexicana contemporánea y su dimensión cívica en las últimas décadas.

Este proyecto implementa dos nuevas líneas estratégicas para una academia musical denominada “Academia Musical Chui”. Negocio empírico que inició dirigido por una sola persona en Lima – Perú, orientado a estudiantes escolares y jóvenes preuniversitarios. Por ello, la investigación y los conocimientos técnicos en música y negocios buscan complementar y potenciar la formación académica musical, consolidar el posicionamiento de marca, reestructurar el marketing aplicado al público objetivo seleccionado y planificar por primera vez una proyección económica que permita validar la inversión y rentabilidad en dos nuevas líneas estratégicas, con la finalidad de expandir el público objetivo, construir un plan de negocios estructurado e integral que comprenda estrategias acordes a la reingeniería del negocio propuesto. Finalmente, este trabajo recopila la información de la academia, determina estrategias para el desarrollo y realiza la evaluación económica calculando el VAN y la TIR de cada línea de negocio, obteniendo un resultado positivo para la ejecución de la inversión en el 2022. Así mismo, se demuestra el desarrollo de estrategias para las nuevas líneas de negocio de producción musical y luthería y la expansión del negocio a nivel nacional e internacional, mediante la apertura de nuevos locales en alianzas estratégicas y la digitalización del contenido. / This project implements two new strategic lines for a musical academy called “Academia Musical Chui”. Empirical business that started directed by a single person in Lima - Peru, aimed at school students and young pre-university students. For this reason, research and technical knowledge in music and business seek to complement and enhance the musical academic training, consolidate brand positioning, restructure the marketing applied to the selected target audience and plan for the first time an economic projection that allows validating the investment and profitability in two new strategic lines. In order to expand the target audience, build a structured and comprehensive business plan that includes strategies according to the proposed business reengineering. Finally, this work compiles the information of the academy, determines strategies for development and performs the economic evaluation calculating the NPV (Net present value) and IRR (Internal rate of return) of each business line obtaining a positive result for the execution of the investment in 2022. Also presenting the development of strategies, new business lines for music production and luthería and business expansion at a national and international level, by opening new locations in strategic alliances and digitizing content. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Mit dem ersten Nachhaltigkeitsbericht der TU Chemnitz wird ein Überblick in die nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen Aktivitäten und Beiträge der drittgrößten Hochschule Sachsens gegeben. Der Nachhaltigkeitsbericht umfasst den Zeitraum von 2015 bis März 2021. Im Bericht wird sich an einer ganzheitlichen Sicht der Nachhaltigkeit orientiert. Der Bericht enthält unter anderem das partizipativ entwickelte Nachhaltigkeitsverständnis der TU Chemnitz, wichtige Kennzahlen, aktuelle Entwicklungsbedarfe und beispielhafte nachhaltigkeitsausgerichtete Forschungsprojekte sowie Lehrveranstaltungen. / The first sustainability report of the TU Chemnitz provides an overview of the sustainability-related activities and contributions of the third largest university in Saxony. The sustainability report covers the period from 2015 to March 2021. The report is oriented towards a holistic view of sustainability. Among other things, the report contains the participatory developed sustainability understanding of the TU Chemnitz, important key figures, current development needs and exemplary sustainability-oriented research projects and courses.

Attracting and retaining strong faculty members in dental schools have long been challenges in the United States. Faced with an emerging crisis in the availability and quality of dental educators, many researchers have focused on analyzing data and trends related to this subject. Even though there are substantial studies that provide a picture of why domestic dentists choose to become dental educators, there are no dedicated studies investigating why foreign-educated dentists want to become dental educators. This distinct area is of particular importance as we witness increasing diversity of patients and an increased need for a more diverse health care workforce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reasons why foreign-educated dentists became dental educators in United States and furthermore, at University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in San Francisco, California. The research data was collected by means of surveys and in-depth interviews of foreign-trained faculty and IDS graduates on staff at Pacific. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics for the survey and a process of thematic analysis for interviews. The surveys' analysis yielded the following six factors that most positively influenced foreign-educated dentists in deciding to embrace a career as an academic educator: (1) Intellectual challenges and stimulation; (2) Opportunity to always be on the cutting edge; (3) Interest in science, new discovery, exploration; (4) Opportunity for regular interaction with other faculty dentists; (5) Desire to be a teacher. (6) Collegial environment of the university. There were two most negative factors identified, as follows: (1) Income differential compared to private practice; (2) Pressure to generate income for the university. Corroborated by analysis of the interviews, the following themes emerged: (1) Drive for research; (2) Desire to be on cutting edge. (3) Desire to share knowledge through teaching; (4) Social and personal factors and perceptions with emphasis on mentors' influence; (5) Negative influence of salary difference with respect to private practitioners. The findings of this study were similar to the available studies on foreign-trained dentists and to most of the studies already done on domestically trained dentists. The major factors found were comparable with the up-to-date literature. The elevated research drive, the intellectual challenges, the work environment, the desire to teach, and the mentors' influence were among those which mirrored almost perfectly the other studies. Some fine differences were found for foreign-trained dentists, such as a lighter financial burden caused by smaller student debt and the irrelevance of military practice experience. The study provides a number of suggestions for enhancing the recruiting and retaining process for dental academia: (1) Support and enhance the research capacity of dental schools; (2) Create structures to develop mentors; (3) Invest to build prestige; (4) Find creative ways to offset lower salaries; (5) Foster a pleasant academic working environment; (6) Use international activities to recruit international dentists. The study revealed factors that have been influential in participants' decisions to choose an academic career, in general and at Pacific. It is hoped that this study will be a useful reference in the increasingly difficult endeavor of adding and retaining world-class dental educators.

This project discusses the importance of accurate note-taking for D/deaf and hard of hearing students who have accomodation requirements and offers innovative opportunities to improve the student experience in order to encourage more D/deaf and hard of hearing individuals to persue academia. It also includes a linguistic analysis of speech singals that correspond to transcription output errors produced by speech-to-text programs, which can be utilized to advance and improve speech recognition systems. / In hopes to encourage more D/deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students to pursue academia, speech-to-text has been suggested to address notetaking issues. This research examined several transcripts created by two untrained speech-to-text programs, Ava and Otter, using 11 different speakers in academic contexts. Observations regarding functionality and error analysis are detailed in this thesis. This project has several objectives, including: 1) to outline how the DHH students’ experience differs from other note-taking needs; 2) to use linguistic analysis to understand how transcript accuracy converts to real-world use and to investigate why errors occur; and 3) to describe what needs to be addressed before assigning DHH students with a captioning service. Results from a focus group showed that current notetaking services are problematic, and that automatic captioning may solve some issues, but some errors are detrimental as it is particularly difficult for DHH students to identify and fix errors within transcripts. Transcripts produced by the programs were difficult to read, as outputs lacked accurate utterance breaks and contained poor punctuation. The captioning of scripted speech was more accurate than that of spontaneous speech for native and most non-native English speakers. An analysis of errors showed that some errors are less severe than others; in response, we offer an alternative way to view errors: as insignificant, obvious, or critical errors. Errors are caused by either the program’s inability to identify various items, such as word breaks, abbreviations, and numbers, or a blend of various speaker factors including: assimilation, vowel approximation, epenthesis, phoneme reduction, and overall intelligibility. Both programs worked best with intelligible speech, as measured by human perception. Speech rate trends were surprising: Otter seemed to prefer fast speech from native English speakers and Ava preferred, as expected, slow speech, but results differed between scripted and spontaneous speech. Correlations of accuracy and fundamental frequencies showed conflicting results. Some reasons for errors could not be determined without knowing more about how the systems were programed. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / In hopes to encourage more D/deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students to pursue academia, automatic captioning has been suggested to address notetaking issues. Captioning programs use speech recognition (SR) technology to caption lectures in real-time and produce a transcript afterwards. This research examined several transcripts created by two untrained speech-to-text programs, Ava and Otter, using 11 different speakers. Observations regarding functionality and error analysis are detailed in this thesis. The project has several objectives: 1) to outline how the DHH students’ experience differs from other note-taking needs; 2) to use linguistic analysis to understand how transcript accuracy converts to real-world use and to investigate why errors occur; and 3) to describe what needs to be addressed before assigning DHH students with a captioning service. Results from a focus group showed that current notetaking services are problematic, and that automatic captioning may solve some issues, but some types of errors are detrimental as it is particularly difficult for DHH students to identify and fix errors within transcripts. Transcripts produced by the programs were difficult to read, as outputs contain poor punctuation and lack breaks between thoughts. Captioning of scripted speech was more accurate than that of spontaneous speech for native and most non-native English speakers; and an analysis of errors showed that some errors are less severe than others. In response, we offer an alternative way to view errors: as insignificant, obvious, or critical errors. Errors are caused by either the program’s inability to identify various items, such as word breaks, abbreviations, and numbers, or a blend of various speaker factors. Both programs worked best with intelligible speech; One seemed to prefer fast speech from native English speakers and the other preferred slow speech; a preference of male or female voices showed conflicting results. Some reasons for errors could not be determined, as one would have to observe how the systems were programed.

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The Science 2.0-Survey investigates the dissemination and use of online tools and social media applications among scientists of all disciplines at German universities (institutions of higher education) and research institutions (Leibniz, Helmholtz, Max Planck institutes). Results show that digital, online-based tools have found widespread use and acceptance in academia and must therefore be considered a central component of scientific working processes. Furthermore the data gathered also make it clear that certain usage patterns begin to emerge and stabilise as routines in everyday academic work. The most popular tools are the online encyclopedia Wikipedia (95% of all respondents use it professionally), mailing lists (78%), online archives/databases (75%) and content sharing/cloud services such as Dropbox or Slideshare (70%). Meanwhile, social bookmarking services remain largely untapped and unknown among scientists (only 5% professional usage). Online tools and social media applications are most commonly utilised in a research context. In addition to Wikipedia (67%), the top three tools used for research purposes are online archives/databases (63%), reference management software (49%) and content sharing/cloud services (43%). In teaching, learning management systems (32%) play a significant role, even though this mainly applies to universities. Video/photo communities (25%), online archives/databases (23%) and content sharing/cloud services (21%) are also used by scientists in the context of teaching. However, there seems to be some backlog in the fi eld of science communication. Scientists are rarely active in this area; 45 per cent of respondents say science communication is not part of their range of duties, while for another 40 per cent such activities comprise no more than 10 per cent of their daily workload. When active in the fi eld of science communication, scientists seem to favour classic online-based tools such as mailing lists (44%) or videoconferences/VoIP (35%), while typical Web 2.0 tools such as weblogs (10%) or microblogs (6%) are rarely used in this context. Social network sites (SNS) with a professional and/or academic orientation (30%), however, are relatively common for communication purposes in academia. The situation is similar for science administration practices where, although the use of online-based tools and social media applications is more common, no more than one-quarter of the scientists use a particular tool, while personal organizers/schedule managers (27%) dominate. The main factors cited by scientists as preventing them from using online-based tools and social media applications professionally are a lack of added value for their own work (30%), insufficient technical assistance (21%) and insufficient time to become familiar with the handling of the tools (15%). In particular, many scientists do not use microblogs (53%), discussion forums (41%) and weblogs (40%) professionally because they cannot see any added value in using them. With regard to the attitudes of scientists in relation to the use of online tools and social media applications, results show that they are aware of privacy issues and have relatively high concerns about the spread of and access to personal data on the Internet. However, scientists generally have few reservations about dealing with social media and show themselves to be open to new technological developments. This report documents the results of a Germany-wide online survey of a total of 2,084 scientists at German universities (1,419) and research institutions (665). The survey explores the usage of 18 online tools and social media applications for daily work in research, teaching, science administration and science communication. In addition to the frequency and context of use, the survey also documents reasons for the non-use of tools, as well as general attitudes towards the Internet and social media. The survey was conducted between 23 June 2014 and 20 July 2014 and is a joint project of the Leibniz Research Alliance „Science 2.0“, led by the Technische Universität Dresden’s Media Center.:Executive summary 1. Introduction 2. Methodology and research design 3. Characterisation of the data sample Gender Age Type of institution Academic position Duration of employment in academic context Subject group Fields of activity 4. Use of social media and online-based tools 4.1 General use of social media und online-based tools General usage Devices 4.2 Use of social media und online-based tools in academic work Professional and private usage Frequency of professional usage Professional usage by gender Professional usage by age Professional usage by subject group Professional usage by position 4.3 Use of online-based tools and social media applications in various areas of academic activity 4.3.1 Use of online-based tools and social media applications in research 4.3.2 Use of online-based tools and social media applications in teaching 4.3.3 Use of online-based tools and social media applications in science administration 4.3.4 Use of online-based tools and social media applications in science communication 4.4 Barriers to the use of social media applications and online-based tools in everyday academic life Reasons for professional non-use of online tools 4.5 Active and passive use of social media applications in everyday academic life 5. Attitudes to the use of social media applications and online-based tools in everyday academic life Overall attitudes Attitude measurement reliability analysis Attitudes by gender Attitudes by age Attitudes by position Attitudes by subject group References Cover letter English Cover letter German Questionnaire English Questionnaire German