In this thesis the Oceania collection of Anders Sparrman is examined and discussed. Anders Sparrman, who was a disciple of Carl von Linnaeus, participated on James Cooks second voyage around the world. During this voyage, Sparrman assembled the collection that today is stored at the museum of Ethnography in Stockholm. The collection is complemented by Sparrman’s own journal from his travels, providing his perspective on the items he collected and the islands he visited. The items in the collection are analyzed through the aspects of hybridization, colonial herit-age and repatriation together with how collections of this type, with a dual cultural heritage, can be exhibited in a way so that both a national and international audience can take part of it. A rel-evant question is also what further research that can be done on collections of this type. With this thesis I argue that a digital exhibition would be the best way to make collections of this kind available on a national and international level. Also research projects over country- and institutional- borders on these types of items would extend the knowledge about them and elabo-rate the whole history around these objects that both have a cultural value in Sweden and in the South Pacific.

<p>Bakgrund: Traditionell styrning har kritiserats av en rad olika författare och en modern verksamhetsstyrning har utvecklats. Vi menar att traditionella tillverkande företag är intressanta ur den aspekten att traditionella ekonomistyrningsmodeller är uppbyggda kring dessa typer av företag. Frågan vi ställer oss är alltså huruvida modern verksamhetsstyrning är ändamålsenlig i traditionella tillverkande företag.</p><p>Syfte och metod: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är, att beskriva och analysera tillämpningen av traditionella och modernare verksamhetsstyrningsmetoder i traditionella, tillverkande företag. Vår empiri är baserad på sex olika kvalitativa intervjuer på företagen Cloetta Fazer, Milko och Skånemejerier.</p><p>Resultat: Traditionellt tillverkande företag möter inte samma förutsättningar som tidigare och behöver därför på många plan anpassa sin styrning.</p> / <p>Background: Many authors have criticised traditional methods of management control which has triggered the development of modern management control methods. We believe that an interesting aspect of traditional companies from the manufacturing sector is that traditional management control models spring from demands from these types of companies. We want to find out whether modern management control is fit-to-purpose solution for traditional manufacturing companies.</p><p>Purpose and methods: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the use of traditional and more modern operations management control methods, in traditional manufacturing companies. Empirical work is based on six qualitative interviews with representants from the three companies Cloetta Fazer, Milko and Skånemejerier.</p><p>Results: Traditional manufacturing companies do not face the same conditions compared with yesterday, and must in many areas change their management control.</p>

This paper addresses the question about what role typography plays in the interpretation of a text. From three different handbooks in typography arguments are gathered and categorized in to three categories: roman types, san serif and others. Interviews with people from the graphic design area are also a part of the paper and are accounted for in the discussion part of the paper. Areas of theory are a broad hermeneutic view based on Hans-Georg Gadamers thoughts, which have sub categories such as: Michel Foucault’s theory about discourses, John Swales genre theory and Anders Björkvall’s thoughts on typography and multi-modal texts. The result of the paper is that all typography, even the one often called the invisible typography, is interpreted by the reader who gathers it’s pre-knowledge from genre, history, culture and discourses. This means that typography plays an important role in the interpretation of a text. Key words: typography, interpretation, hermeneutic, Hans- Georg Gadamer, discourse, Michel Foucault, genre analysis, John Swales, Multi- modal, Anders Björkvall, semiotic. / Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om vilken roll typografin spelar för tolkningen av en text. Från tre olika handböcker i typografi samlas argument in och kategoriseras i tre kategorier: antikva, sanserif och övriga. Även intervjuer med personer yrkesverksamma i det grafiska fältet genomförs och redovisas sedan i diskussionen. Teoretisk utgångspunkt hämtas från Hans-Georg Gadamers tankar om hermeneutik, på vilken följande underkategorier av teorier följer: Michel Foucaults diskursteori, John Swales genreteori och Anders Björkvalls tankar om typografi och multimodala texter. Resultatet pekar mot att all typografi, även den som ofta kallas för den osynliga typografin, tolkas av mottagaren som i sin tur samlat sina förkunskaper från genre, historia, kultur och diskurs. Detta innebär att typografi spelar en viktig roll i tolkningen av en text. Nyckelord: typografi, tolkning, hermeneutik, Hans-Georg Gadamer, diskurs, Michel Foucault, genreanalys, Johan Swales, multimodalitet, Anders Björkvall, semiotik.

Bakgrund: Traditionell styrning har kritiserats av en rad olika författare och en modern verksamhetsstyrning har utvecklats. Vi menar att traditionella tillverkande företag är intressanta ur den aspekten att traditionella ekonomistyrningsmodeller är uppbyggda kring dessa typer av företag. Frågan vi ställer oss är alltså huruvida modern verksamhetsstyrning är ändamålsenlig i traditionella tillverkande företag. Syfte och metod: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är, att beskriva och analysera tillämpningen av traditionella och modernare verksamhetsstyrningsmetoder i traditionella, tillverkande företag. Vår empiri är baserad på sex olika kvalitativa intervjuer på företagen Cloetta Fazer, Milko och Skånemejerier. Resultat: Traditionellt tillverkande företag möter inte samma förutsättningar som tidigare och behöver därför på många plan anpassa sin styrning. / Background: Many authors have criticised traditional methods of management control which has triggered the development of modern management control methods. We believe that an interesting aspect of traditional companies from the manufacturing sector is that traditional management control models spring from demands from these types of companies. We want to find out whether modern management control is fit-to-purpose solution for traditional manufacturing companies. Purpose and methods: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the use of traditional and more modern operations management control methods, in traditional manufacturing companies. Empirical work is based on six qualitative interviews with representants from the three companies Cloetta Fazer, Milko and Skånemejerier. Results: Traditional manufacturing companies do not face the same conditions compared with yesterday, and must in many areas change their management control.

Ce travail vise à scruter quatre lectures de Kafka dans la philosophie allemande. Pourquoi ces philosophes ont-ils rencontré et interprété Kafka ? La première hypothèse est d’ordre biographique : leurs découvertes de Kafka sont marquées par le sentiment d’une proximité personnelle à l’égard ce qu’il donne à lire. Kafka est l’écrivain d’un certain moment, où le rapport à la langue ne va pas de soi, où l’expérience de l’exil prédomine, et où les mutations historiques rendent les contours de la subjectivité flous. La seconde hypothèse est philosophique : leurs lectures se fondent sur la nécessité de philosopher autrement, afin d’intégrer ces mutations. On ne peut plus penser selon les catégories du sens, de l’identité, de la conscience - mais il faut accepter que le sujet découvre en lui un étranger. Le défi que Kafka dresse devant ces philosophes serait donc de pouvoir « penser la métamorphose ». Celle du sujet, mais aussi celle que subit la philosophie au contact de la littérature. Et enfin, celle que Kafka invente dans l’ensemble de son œuvre, dont nous montrons qu’elle est irriguée par le « devenir-animal ». / We are focusing on studying four readings of Kafka in german philosophy. Why have these philosophers met and interpreted Kafka ? Our first hypothesis is a biographical one : their reading of Kafka’s books are influenced by the feeling of a proximity between his life and their experiences. Kafka represents a crisis : in his work, the language is not innate anymore, experiencing exile is prevailing, the historical mutations affect the concept of subjectivity. The second hypothesis concerns the philosophy itself : because of these mutations, the traditional metaphysical categories of sense or consiousness are obsolete ideas. The subject is becoming a stranger. Kafka is challenging philosophers to « think out the metamorphosis », the subject’s metamorphosis, the philosophy’s metamorphosis, and finally, the one Kafka invented, which is everpresent in his works, the notion of a « becoming-animal ».

The goal undertaken in this Bachelor´s thesis was to establish, and possibly audit, the assumed motif, provenance, dating and formal style regarding two Medieval wooden sculptures depicting Saint Martin of Tours and Saint George. Both are preserved in the art collection formerly owned by one of the great Swedish artists and art collectors of the nineteenth century: Anders Zorn (1860-1920). The purpose of the study was to account for the two sculptures using the Iconographic analysis developed by Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), and the style critical method founded by Giovanni Morelli (1816-1891). The goal was furthermore to incorporate the sculptures into a broader art historical context and discuss in what way history has impacted the usage of and attitude towards the Medieval wooden sculptures i Sweden. The result of the study concluded that the majority of what had earlier been assumed about the sculptures in regards to their respective motif, geographical orgin, style and age had been correct. Some new contributions were however made concerning similar representations, local contextualizations and the mere act of researching an object to which no major research had yet been devoted. The study also concluded that the ever changing usage of and attitude towards the Middle Ages from the Reformation during the sixteenth and seventeenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century, has likewise affected the usage of and attitude towards the medieval wooden sculptures. The consequences for the sculptures were never unequivocally positive or negative.

This study aims to survey and compare Swedish newspaper coverage relating to convicted terrorists Anders Behring Breivik and Rakhmat Akilov. The pivotal question of the study is whether this coverage differs depending on factors such as each perpetrator’s ethnicity and political beliefs. The source material has been gathered from Swedish national newspapers Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet. This study has utilised a mixed research methodology consisting of a quantitative digital text analysis combined with a qualitative frame analysis. The theoretical framework of this study mainly consists of media theories such as framing (as defined by Goffman 1974, Van Gorp 2010, Shehata 2012 and more), construction of crime news and crime waves (Jewkes 2004, Fishman 1978) and news values (Häger 2014). Additionally, theories about orientalism, stereotyping, and ethnicity are applied (Dyer 1997:2006, Said 1978). Other research on the aforementioned topics is also touched upon.The quantitative part of this study has been conducted through the use of text analysis tool Textometrica. A total of 460 newspaper articles mentioning either perpetrator have been analysed. This has highlighted the framing, wording, and phraseology of said articles. The qualitative part of the study consists of an in-depth survey of frames found in a select number of these articles. It draws inspiration from frame research conducted by, among others, journalism professor Baldwin Van Gorp (2010).The results of this study show a noticeable difference in the portrayals of both perpetrators. While Aftonbladet tends to simplify stories, Svenska Dagbladet leans towards a more comprehensive coverage. In general, a certain degree of attention is given to elaborations on Behring Breivik’s personal life and youth to explain his wrongdoings. Akilov, on the other hand, is mostly just described through his foreign appearance and is more clearly conceptualised as a terrorist and as part of a larger network (the Islamic State). / Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra svensk nyhetsrapportering om de dömda terroristerna Anders Behring Breivik och Rakhmat Akilov. Studiens centrala frågeställning är huruvida denna rapportering skiljer sig på grundval av faktorer såsom respektive gärningsmans etnicitet och politiska tillhörighet. Källmaterialet har samlats in från de svenska nationella dagstidningarna Aftonbladet och Svenska Dagbladet. Det metodologiska ramverket består av en kvantitativ digital textanalys i kombination med en kvalitativ framinganalys. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består främst av medieteorier, däribland gestaltningsteorin (definierad av Goffman 1974, Van Gorp 2010, Shehata 2012 med flera) och konstruktionen av brottsnyheter och brottsvågor (Jewkes 2004, Fishman 1978). Dessutom appliceras teorier om orientalism, stereotypisering och etnicitet (Dyer 1997:2006, Said 1978). Tidigare forskning om ovan nämnda teorier inkluderas också.Den kvantitativa delen av studien genomfördes med hjälp av textanalysverktyget Textometrica. Totalt 460 nyhetsartiklar som nämner endera av gärningsmännen har analyserats. Detta har tydliggjort artiklarnas inramning, formuleringar och språkbruk. Den kvalitativa delen av studien består av en mer djupgående analys av gestaltningar identifierade i ett antal av artiklarna. Denna kvalitativa analys hämtar inspiration från gestaltningsforskning genomförd av, bland andra, journalistikprofessor Baldwin Van Gorp (2010).Studien visar en anmärkningsvärd skillnad i porträtteringarna av respektive gärningsman. Aftonbladet tenderar att förenkla skeenden medan Svenska Dagbladets rapportering är mer omfattande. Båda tidningarna uppmärksammar Behring Breiviks privatliv och uppväxt för att förklara hans ogärningar. Akilov å andra sidan beskrivs främst genom sitt utländska utseende och framställs tydligare som terrorist och del av ett större nätverk (den islamiska staten).

The aim of this analytical research is to find out if there is a difference in how many articles that were published regarding the ministers Maria Borelius, Cecilia Stegö Chilò, Tobias Billström and Anders Borg, during the period 6/10 - 6/12 2006 in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The study also aims to examine if there is a difference in how the ministers are framed and portrayed in a selection of the articles. The study combines both quantitative and qualitative methods. Initially, articles were gathered from Mediearkrivet Research Retriever. Then, a selection of the empirical data was analyzed qualitative from the theoretical perspectives of the framing theory and the agenda-setting theory, with a tool of analysis from Bromander (2012). The empirical material consists of 12 published news-articles from two of the most powerful public newspapers in Sweden: Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The result shows that there is a difference in the number of published articles regarding the female ministers, compared with the male ministers. It also confirms previous research that female and male politicians’ frames and describes differently: the female ministers are more often described as liars and portrayed next to their families. The articles regarding the female ministers are more likely to investigate their private life, while the articles about the male ministers only refers to their professional life as politicians.

Syftet med uppsatsen ”Medmänsklighet och Gudomligt Beskydd – en receptionsestetisk studie av Maria (Återkomsten) och Skyddsmantelmadonnan” är att ur ett receptionsestetiskt perspektiv närma sig skulpturerna Maria (Återkomsten) av Anders Widoff och Skyddsmantelmadonnan av Lena Lervik. Skulpturerna finns i och i anslutning till Uppsala respektive Lunds domkyrka. Genom receptionsestetikens metod där man tittar på ett konstverks interna faktorer som rör verkets inre organisation samt externa faktorer såsom platsen där konstverken är placerade, andra konstverk som relaterar till verket, en myt eller berättelse som är viktig för förståelsen av konstverken etcetera, rör sig uppsatsen fram mot en diskussion kring vem som är verkens implicite betraktare, dvs. ideala betraktare. Uppsatsen ämnar även diskutera hur jungfru Maria gestaltas i de berörda skulpturerna: vilken bild konstverken ger av Maria. Metoden för att diskutera vem som är verkens implicite betraktare och hur betraktaren aktiverar konstverken i relation till platserna är besök på de platser där konstverken finns för att i denna miljö möta verken och läsning av relevant litteratur. Slutsatsen är att skulpturerna är medvetet placerade i anslutning till kyrkorum och att platserna utgör en viktig dialog med konstverken. Skulpturerna ger väldigt olika bilder av jungfru Maria: Maria (Återkomsten) gestaltar Marias mänskliga sida och Skyddsmantelmadonnan är mer av en gudinnegestalt, en Moder Jord och urmoder som beskyddar mänskligheten. Verkens implicite betraktare är någon som vistas på platsen och möter verken med en öppenhet; verken har båda en öppenhet i framförallt ansiktsuttryck som öppnar för olika tolkningar. Den implicite betraktaren – i meningen den ideala betraktaren – är en människa med en öppenhet för en andlig dimension men är inte nödvändigtvis troende. Betraktaren behöver inte ha kunskap om vem jungfru Maria är, verkens tillkomsthistoria, verk som kan tänkas relatera till skulpturerna etcetera men det kan fördjupa upplevelsen. / The purpose of the essay "Humanity and Heavenly Protection – a Study of Mary (The Return) and the Protective Cloak Madonna Based on the Theory and Method of Reception Aesthetics" is to approach the sculptures Mary (The Return) by the artist Anders Widoff, and The Protective Cloak Madonna by the artist Lena Lervik. The sculptures are placed inside Uppsala Cathedral and outside Lund Cathedral respectively, and the study is based on the theory and method of reception aesthetics, where one looks at an artwork's internal factors that relate to the work's internal organization, as well as external factors, such as the situation of the work, relating works, or myths or stories that are important to understanding the work. Through this theory, a discussion about the implicit (ideal) beholder of the works takes place. Furthermore, the essay aspires to discuss the representation of Virgin Mary in the sculptures: what images of her the artworks present. The discussion of the implicit beholder, as well as the question of how locations affect the viewer’s activation of the works, was based on visits to the sites, as well as the study of literature on the artworks and the theory used.  The conclusion is that the sculptures are intentionally placed in the vicinity of cathedrals, and that the sites constitute an important dialogue with the artworks. The sculptures present very different images of the Virgin Mary: Mary (The Return) embodies Mary's human side, while the Protective Cloak Madonna is more of a Goddess figure, a Mother Earth and ancestor who protects humanity. The implicit beholder of the works is someone who visits the sites and encounters the works with an open mind; the sculptures have openness to them, especially in the facial expressions that invite different interpretations. The implicit (ideal) beholder is a person with an open mind to a spiritual dimension, but is not necessarily a Christian. The viewer does not need to know who Virgin Mary is, nor the history of the artworks or relating works, even though such knowledge might deepen the experience.

This master thesis called "The media portrait of the Anders Behring Breivik ́s attack in czech press" focuses on events that took place on the 22nd of July 2011, when a norwegian citizen Anders Breivik detonated a bomb in the centre of Oslo and killed 8 people. Then he shot 69 young people on the Utøya island. This thesis shows how these events were presented in the four most read newspapers in the Czech republic which are Aha!, Blesk, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo. The analysis focuses on the period of time between 22nd of July and 22nd of September 2011 and then also on the period from April to August 2012 when the trial took place. This master thesis combines quantitative and qualitative research design and shows that Mladá fronta DNES published the most articles out of all 287. Blesk used the biggest amount of photographs - 2.9 photographs per article. The most used photographs were of the victims and also the photographs of Breivik himself. The most frequent topics covered were of the trial, information about Breivik and memorial events. The qualitative part of the research focuses on used language means and proves that the visual part and the photographs play a very important role on the whole feel and emotions in the article.