In recent years emotion-related applications like smartphone apps that document and analyse the emotions of the user, have become very popular. But research also can deal with human emotions in a very technology-driven approach. Thus space-related emotions are of interest as well which can be visualised cartographically and can be captured in different ways. The research project of this dissertation deals with the extraction of georeferenced emotions from the written language in the metadata of Flickr and Panoramio photos, thus from user-generated content, as well as with their modelling and visualisation. Motivation is the integration of an emotional component into location-based services for tourism since only factual information is considered thus far although places have an emotional impact. The metadata of those user-generated photos contain descriptions of the place that is depicted within the respective picture. The words used have affective connotations which are determined with the help of emotional word lists. The emotion that is associated with the particular word in the word list is described on the basis of the two dimensions ‘valence’ and ‘arousal’. Together with the coordinates of the respective photo, the extracted emotion forms a georeferenced emotion. The algorithm that was developed for the extraction of these emotions applies different approaches from the field of computer linguistics and considers grammatical special cases like the amplification or negation of words. The algorithm was applied to a dataset of Flickr and Panoramio photos of Dresden (Germany). The results are an emotional characterisation of space which makes it possible to assess and investigate specific features of georeferenced emotions. These features are especially related to the temporal dependence and the temporal reference of emotions on one hand; on the other hand collectively and individually perceived emotions have to be distinguished. As a consequence, a place does not necessarily have to be connected with merely one emotion but possibly also with several. The analysis was carried out with the help of different cartographic visualisations. The temporal occurrence of georeferenced emotions was examined detailed. Hence the dissertation focuses on fundamental research into the extraction of space-related emotions from georeferenced user-generated content as well as their visualisation. However as an outlook, further research questions and core themes are identified which arose during the investigations. This shows that this subject is far from being exhausted. / In den letzten Jahren sind emotionsbezogene Anwendungen, wie Apps, die die Emotionen des Nutzers dokumentieren und analysieren, sehr populär geworden. Ebenfalls in der Forschung sind Emotionen in einem sehr technologiegetriebenen Ansatz ein Thema. So auch ortsbezogene Emotionen, die sich somit kartographisch darstellen lassen und auf verschiedene Art und Weisen gewonnen werden können. Das Forschungsvorhaben der Dissertation befasst sich mit der Extraktion von georeferenzierten Emotionen aus geschriebener Sprache unter Verwendung von Metadaten verorteter Flickr- und Panoramio-Fotos, d.h. aus nutzergenerierten Inhalten, sowie deren Modellierung und Visualisierung. Motivation hierfür ist die Einbindung einer emotionalen Komponente in ortsbasierte touristische Dienste, da diese bisher nur faktische Informationen berücksichtigen, obwohl Orte durchaus eine emotionale Wirkung haben. Die Metadaten dieser nutzergenerierten Inhalte stellen Beschreibungen des auf dem Foto festgehaltenen Ortes dar. Die dafür verwendeten Wörter besitzen affektive Konnotationen, welche mit Hilfe emotionaler Wortlisten ermittelt werden. Die Emotion, die mit dem jeweiligen Wort in der Wortliste assoziiert wird, wird anhand der zwei Dimensionen Valenz und Erregung beschrieben. Die extrahierten Emotionen bilden zusammen mit der geographischen Koordinate des jeweiligen Fotos eine georeferenzierte Emotion. Der zur Extraktion dieser Emotionen entwickelte Algorithmus bringt verschiedene Ansätze aus dem Bereich der Computerlinguistik zum Einsatz und berücksichtigt ebenso grammatikalische Sonderfälle, wie Intensivierung oder Negation von Wörtern. Der Algorithmus wurde auf einen Datensatz von Flickr- und Panoramio-Fotos von Dresden angewendet. Die Ergebnisse stellen eine emotionale Raumcharakterisierung dar und ermöglichen es, spezifische Eigenschaften verorteter Emotionen festzustellen und zu untersuchen. Diese Eigenschaften beziehen sich sowohl auf die zeitliche Abhängigkeit und den zeitlichen Bezug von Emotionen, als auch darauf, dass zwischen kollektiv und individuell wahrgenommenen Emotionen unterschieden werden muss. Das bedeutet, dass ein Ort nicht nur mit einer Emotion verbunden sein muss, sondern möglicherweise auch mit mehreren. Die Auswertung erfolgte mithilfe verschiedener kartographischer Visualisierungen. Eingehender wurde das zeitliche Auftreten der ortsbezogenen Emotionen untersucht. Der Fokus der Dissertation liegt somit auf der Grundlagenforschung zur Extraktion verorteter Emotionen aus georeferenzierten nutzergenerierten Inhalten sowie deren Visualisierung. Im Ausblick werden jedoch weitere Fragestellungen und Schwerpunkte genannt, die sich im Laufe der Untersuchungen ergeben haben, womit gezeigt wird, dass dieses Forschungsgebiet bei Weitem noch nicht ausgeschöpft ist.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents a virtual instrument development that is going to support the teaching and learning process in Geography, for the 3rd grade of Elementary School at Public Schools of Santa Maria City RS Brazil. In this educational scenery, one intends to provide an alternative for the cognitive and social-affective development of the students. The proposed software approach the Spacial Orientation, attending to the teachers instrumental necessities. This constitutes an education modality which makes possible the innovation of teaching procedures, the utilization of various eletronic means of interaction, providing practicability in an extra-school education. / Este trabalho apresenta desenvolvimento de um instrumento virtual de apoio ao processo ensino e aprendizagem de geografia, para a 3ª série do ensino fundamental das escolas da Rede Pública Municipal de Santa Maria RS Brasil. Neste cenário educacional, pretende-se proporcionar uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e sócio-afetivo dos alunos. O uso do software proposto aborda o tema orientação espacial, atendendo às necessidades instrumentais dos professores, possibilitando a inovação dos procedimentos de ensino, a utilização de diversos meios eletrônicos de comunicação, viabilizando uma educação extraescolar.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_aps_me_prud.pdf: 1844754 bytes, checksum: 98269ab519565c997b4f261950db8198 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste na elaboração de mapas áudio-dinâmicos em múltiplas escalas automáticas, para um Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA). O projeto das representações cartográficas foi dividido em duas fases: projeto de composição geral e projeto áudio-gráfico. Os mapas visuais dinâmicos foram elaborados com base nos princípios da comunicação cartográfica e da percepção visual, com ênfase nas operações de generalização. A área de estudo apresenta uma malha urbana com diferentes tipos de vias, cruzamentos e limites de velocidade. Os mapas foram projetados para serem exibidos em um monitor de pequeno formato (sete polegadas), com alta resolução, e um total de quatro escalas de representação foi determinado: 1/10.000, 1/5.000, 1/2.500 e 1/1.000. Tais escalas foram definidas em função do tamanho da mídia de apresentação e do tipo de tarefa tática. Os mapas generalizados foram obtidos pela aplicação das operações de simplificação, exagero e deslocamento, sobre uma base cartográfica na escala 1/1.000. As representações áudio-dinâmicas foram produzidas a partir de variáveis áudio-dinâmicas. As mensagens de voz foram pré-gravadas na voz feminina, executadas em sincronia com as informações visuais. O projeto foi implementado em um SINGRA disponível na FCT-UNESP, a partir do compilador Visual Basic e da biblioteca MapObjects. Ao comparar o sistema de múltiplas escalas com o de escala única, observa-se que os novos mapas adaptados ao contexto de direção do motorista, podem permitir que o usuário receba a informação de acordo com a tarefa de navegação desenvolvida ao longo da rota... / The aim of this research is to design and implement an automatics multi-scale and audio-dynamic map for an In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation System (RGNS). The design was organized in two stages: general composition and auditory-graphic design. The visual-dynamic maps were designed based on cartographic communication principles and visual perception, especially on the generalization operators. The area of study presents an urban network with different types of roads, nodes, and speed limits. The maps were designed for a small-screen display, and a total of four different scales were employed: 1:10.000, 1:5.000, 1:2.500 and 1:1.000. These scales were chosen according to the media size and type of tactical task. The maps were derived from an accurate cartographic database at scale of 1:1000, by applying generalization techniques, such as simplification, displacement, and enhancement. The audio-dynamic representations were produced by taking account a set of audio-dynamic variables. The voice messages were recorded in a female voice, and they were presented with visual information, simultaneously. The design was implemented in a navigation system, which is available in the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, by using Visual Basic compiler and MapObjects library. The results of comparison between the automatic multiple-scale and single scale system show that the new system, enhanced driver's context, can allow the user receiving information according to the tasks performed along of the route. From the employment of generalization technique it was possible to present in a properly way the amount of information in the display, in which it can contribute for reducing navigational errors and visual demand, when compared with single-scale map ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Diogenes Cortijo Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agostinho_JulianoCesarPinto_M.pdf: 9468284 bytes, checksum: 1fb890c825cef0933e70359a6c567f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar procedimentos para o planejamento e implantação de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG Municipal com ênfase na precisão, exatidão, confiabilidade, segurança e interoperabilidade dos dados e informações geográficas. Foram estudadas as metodologias e técnicas para elaboração de uma Base Cartográfica Cadastral Digital com estrutura topológica ajustada às necessidades do software de SIG, bem como sua vinculação com as entidades do mundo real através da elaboração de uma Rede de Referência Cadastral Municipal. A parte prática deste trabalho foi limitada à área urbana e de expansão urbana de um município de pequeno porte, integrando a coleta, tratamento, armazenamento, recuperação e análise dos dados e informações geográficas através dos métodos e técnicas de mapeamento com topografia convencional, uso do sistema de navegação e posicionamento global por satélite (Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS) e uso do SIG. No estudo de caso os dados e informações geográficas foram armazenados em um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados SGBD Objeto-Relacional com extensão espacial, possibilitando a integração destes dados e toda a exploração do potencial deste sistema. Finalmente foram apresentadas discussões e recomendações sobre temas abordados em geotecnologias / Abstract: This paper has the purpose of presenting procedures for planning and implementing a Municipal Geographic Information System (GIS) with an emphasis on the precision, exactness, reliability, safety, and interoperability of the data and geographical information. The methodologies and techniques for elaborating a Digital Cartographic Base with a topological structure adjusted to the needs of the GIS software as well as its link with the entities of the real world by elaborating a Municipal Geodetic Reference Network. The practical part of this work was limited to the urban area and the urban expansion of a small municipality, integrating it into the colIection, handling, storage, recuperation, and analysis of geographical data and information by the mapping methods and techniques with conventional survey, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and GIS. In the case study, the geographical data and information were stored in an Object-Relational Database Management System (DBMS) with spatial extension, making it possible to integrate this data to alI the exploration of this system's potential. Finally, discussions and recommendations were presented about the issues addressed in geotechnologies / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This paper aims to examine possible ways for a clinical practice in/of territory -not only "psi", but disposal bodies - in the context of Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), the brazilian unified health system. Cartography was used as a method of researchintervention. It is a procedural dimension of the study method of subjectivity and its production process, in which the researcher work is not oriented by predefined goals, these are outlined during the survey. I worked from 2007 to 2015 in different units of SUS - family health units, psychosocial care centers, general and maternity hospitals - which served as a field of research. During this period, scenes related to clinical practice in SUS were recorded in formation notebooks and later in fieldwork diaries. The scenes were revisited and transformed into experience-question narratives that, receiving the unexpected, exposed a problem and forced to think. With the experience-questions, we discuss the contributions of Platonic and Cartesian thought to a way of inhabiting our bodies and the world that is marked by the dichotomous relationship between man and reality. We point out the problems of the relationship between subjectivity production, capitalism and the construction of the individual, emphasizing the connection of these elements to condition setting for the emergence of psychology. We also explain different ground of power compositions: disciplinary power, biopolitics and biopotency. We approach health as production process, raising powers of life (Canguilhem) and plastic capacity of the bodies to affirm their will to power (Nietzsche). Understanding health in these terms, we discuss the ties and possibilities of the relationship between state, SUS and capitalism for creating health producing practices in the SUS context. Given the above, we bet on a clinical forged in the motion of disposal bodies in a process of opening ourselves to the intensive differences pulsating in us. It is the balance between forms and forces that imply creating new contours on the bodies, through them, inventing health-producing relationships by expanding life. We leverage this process through an interdisciplinary clinical practice in the / of territory. A clinic made in a living area, used, experienced, procedural, time-space of an expression. Territory also political, conflictual and negotiations. Clinical practice in territory and clinical practice of territory are inseparable. We mean that the form of update at clinical practice in the SUS is done through the ability to inhabit its paradoxes. Test its borders to the limit, and trough this (un)build territories and operate passages. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar caminhos possíveis para uma prática clínica no/de território não só psi , mas de corpos agenciadores no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A cartografia foi utilizada como método de pesquisaintervenção. Trata-se de um método de estudo da dimensão processual da subjetividade e de seu processo de produção, cuja orientação do trabalho do pesquisador não se faz através de metas pré-definidas, estas são traçadas no percurso da pesquisa. Trabalhei de 2007 a 2015 em diferentes unidades do SUS Unidades de Saúde da Família, Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, Hospital Geral e Maternidades , que serviram de campo de pesquisa. Durante este período, cenas relacionadas à prática clínica no SUS foram registradas em cadernos de formação e, posteriormente, em diários de campo. As cenas foram revisitadas e transformadas em narrativas de experiências-questão que, ao acolherem o inesperado, expuseram um problema e forçaram a pensar. Com as experiências-questão, discutimos as influências do pensamento platônico e do cartesiano para uma forma de habitar nosso corpo e o mundo marcada pela relação dicotômica entre o homem e a realidade. Problematizamos a relação entre produção de subjetividade, capitalismo e a construção do indivíduo, ressaltando a conexão desses elementos no estabelecimento de condições para o surgimento da psicologia. Explanamos ainda diferentes composições do plano do poder: o poder disciplinar, a biopolítica e a biopotência. Abordamos a saúde como processo de produção, capacidade normativa da vida (Canguilhem) e capacidade plástica dos corpos afirmarem sua vontade de potência (Nietzsche). Concebendo a saúde nesses termos, discutimos amarras e potencialidades na relação entre Estado, SUS e capitalismo para criação de práticas produtoras de saúde no contexto do SUS. Diante do exposto, apostamos numa clínica forjada no movimento de corpos agenciadores, num processo de abertura às diferenças intensivas que pulsam em nós. Trata-se do manejo entre formas postas e forças que se insinuam criando novos contornos nos corpos, atravessando-os, inventando relações produtoras de saúde por expandirem a vida. Potencializamos esse processo por meio de uma prática clínica transdisciplinar no/de território. Uma clínica que se faz num território vivo, usado, experimentado, processual, tempo-espaço de uma expressão. Território também político, de conflitos e negociações. Clínica no território e clínica de território são indissociáveis. Queremos dizer com isso que a forma própria de a prática clínica no SUS se atualizar se faz por meio da possibilidade de habitarmos os paradoxos que a constituem. Testar até o limite suas fronteiras, e assim (des)construir territórios, operar passagens.

Uma proporção significativa dos alunos dos cursos de graduação em Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL apresenta dificuldades na aprendizagem de Cartografia, particularmente de escala cartográfica linear. Pouquíssimos trabalhos apresentaram situações similares em outras universidades do Brasil e propuseram alternativas mitigadoras, embora com ênfase no curso de licenciatura. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tomou como objetivo desenvolver um procedimento de otimização da aprendizagem de escala cartográfica linear por meio da conscientização e motivação prévias discentes e contrapartidas bilaterais na aplicação de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem junto aos alunos do segundo período de graduação em Geografia do IGDEMA/UFAL em 2013/2. As bases teóricas adotadas para tal foram um conceito da psicologia pedagógica processo educativo trilateral , dois conceitos da teoria socioconstrutivista internalização das funções psicológicas superiores e zona de desenvolvimento proximal e a teoria da andragogia. Coerente com o objetivo e com respaldos das bases teóricas, foi aplicado o método de aula expositiva adaptado à implementação do processo pedagógico. Este processo envolveu a fase de avaliação prévia (exposição e prática preparatórias e posterior diálogo) e a fase de avaliação definitiva (exposições e práticas mais concentradas). Por ser preponderante, a avaliação definitiva precisou atender às exigências de planejamento e procedimentos administrativos, a fim de se minimizar a relativa falta de fidedignidade de seus escores para, em seguida, submeter-se a duas etapas obrigatórias do processo da sua validação. A primeira, que foi a verificação do requisito da validade, se deu por processo qualitativo em prol da representatividade de seu conteúdo mediante o universo Escala Cartográfica e dessa aprendizagem; e a segunda etapa, verificação do requisito da fidedignidade, processou-se pela análise estatística de consistência interna entre seus quesitos. Como a avaliação definitiva atendeu a esses requisitos de validação, as suas medidas de aprendizagem se tornaram confiáveis para os testes de diferenças aplicados conjuntamente com as medidas de aprendizagem similares da avaliação prévia. Assim, obteve-se o nível de êxito do processo pedagógico aplicado. Como resultado, a comparação dos dados das duas avaliações não indicou evolução esperada das notas de cada aluno. Então como causas desse resultado, em função da parte expressiva dos alunos, podem ser citadas: o processo aplicado se revelou ambicioso, a prática de variados exercícios mesmo com auxílio de demonstrações de cálculos revelou-se um desafio e modificações de escala cartográfica se revelaram problemática. Dessa forma, a conclusão é que esse processo de ensino-aprendizagem precisa ser revisto em parte, ou seja, revelam-se necessários procedimentos pedagógicos para esses estudantes ainda dependentes em virtude de fatores limitantes, particularmente a base matemática ineficiente. / A significant proportion of the undergraduates in the geography courses of the IGDEMA/UFAL present learning difficulties, particularly in relation to liner cartographic scale. Very few papers have identified similar situations in other universities in Brazil and have proposed mitigation alternatives, although with an emphasis on teaching degree courses. In this context, this work aimed at developing a learning procedure in order to optimize the learning of linear cartographic scale through awareness development and previous student motivation, as well as through bilateral counterparts in implementing a teaching/learning process focused on the se undergraduates of the second term in the first year of studies in Geography course of the IGDEMA/UFAL program, in 2013/2. The theoretical framework of the study included one concept of the pedagogical psychology trilateral educational process , two concepts of the social constructivist theory internalization of higher psychological functions, and proximal development zone as well as the andragogy theory. In order to be coherent with the study objective and the adopted theoretical framework, the expositive teaching method was used, although adapted to the target pedagogical process. This process involved a prior evaluation phase (presentation and preparatory practices and subsequent dialogue) and the phase of final assessment (presentations and more focused practices). Because it is preponderant, the definitive assessment had to meet planning requirements and administrative procedures, in order to minimize the relative unreliability of the scores, so that it could undergo the two mandatory steps of the process of validation. The first step verification of the validity requirement was implemented through a qualitative process, observing the representativeness of its content, based upon the Cartographic Scale universe and related learning; and the second step, verification of the reliability requirement, was developed through statistical analysis for the internal consistency of the adopted questions. As the final evaluation met these validation requirements, their learning measures were considered to be reliable for testing differences, applied within the similar learning measures of the prior assessment. As a result, the comparative data of both evaluations did not indicate the expected evolution in the students grades. Then, as those results reasons, considering the biggest amount of the students, we may cite: the applied process was too much ambitious, the practice of varied exercises though with calculation demonstrations, could be considered a challenge, and cartographic scale changes seemed to cause problems to them. Hence, the conclusion is that this teaching/learning process needs to be revised in part, which means, pedagogical proceeds might be necessary for those still dependent students, considering these limitation factors, particularly the insufficient mathematics basis.

Dans cette thèse, en collaboration avec l'entreprise AéroDRONES, le Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique et l'INRIA, nous abordons le problème de la perception de l'environnement à partir d'une caméra embarquée sur un drone léger. Nous avons conçu, développé et validé de nouvelles méthodes de traitement qui optimisent l'exploitation des données produites par des systèmes de prise de vue aéroportés bas coût. D'une part, nous présentons une méthode d'autocalibrage de la caméra et de la tourelle d'orientation, sans condition spécifique sur l'environnement observé. Ensuite nous proposons un nouvel algorithme pour extraire la rotation de la caméra calibrée entre deux images (gyroscope visuel) et l'appliquons à la stabilisation vidéo en temps réel. D'autre part, nous proposons une méthode de géoréférencement des images par fusion avec un fond cartographique existant. Cette méthode permet d'enrichir des bases de données de photos aériennes, en gérant les cas de non-planéité du terrain. / The last decade has seen the emergence of many Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) which are becoming increasingly cheap and miniaturized. A mounted video-camera is standard equipment and can be found on any such UAVs. In this context, we present robust techniques to enhance autonomy levels of airborne vision systems based on mini-UAV technologies. First, we present a camera autocalibration method based on central projection based image \dimension{2}-invariants analysis and we compare it to classical Dual Image of the Absolute Conic (DIAC) technique. We present also a method to detect and calibrate turret's effectors hierarchy. Then, we propose a new algorithm to extract a calibrated camera self-rotation (visual gyroscope) and we apply it to propose a real-time video stabilizer with full perspective correction.

Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2017-08-10T19:36:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Magro Rodrigues.pdf: 8641064 bytes, checksum: f4d6d61246947f4905adf5a227d333ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T19:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Magro Rodrigues.pdf: 8641064 bytes, checksum: f4d6d61246947f4905adf5a227d333ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / The present work aimed to develop the cartographic project and production as a support to the environmental planning and analysis of the water resources` quality of the Pirapozinho watershed. To accomplish this, it was followed a script that contemplated the developmental stages of the cartographic design and production processes with the intention to subsidize the environmental analysis of watersheds. The principles of cartographic communication were applied in the design and production of thematic maps. The environmental analysis process was elaborated from the compilation of the data collected in the cartographic production stage, supported by physical-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of the surface waters of the Pirapozinho watershed. The work sought to reflect on environmental sustainability and land uses regarding to environmental quality and water resources. By means of the environmental situation identification in the studied watershed, correlations were made between the physical aspects raised and the surface water quality. The results pointed to impacts in the watershed due to the inadequate process of watershed occupation. A vegetative deficit stands out, as intense occupation of pasture and crops. Also noteworthy is the influence of industrial effluent discharges in the Pirapozinho river drainage head areas in its main course. The analysis of surface water indicated a possible points of water contamination. The parameters above the acceptable limit according to the resolution Conama 357/05, as amended by Conama Resolution 430/11, were: biochemical demand for oxygen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and Escherichia coli. These changes are attributed to industrial and agricultural activities in the studied watershed. / O presente trabalho possuiu como objetivo desenvolver o projeto e a produção cartográfica como suporte ao planejamento ambiental e análise da qualidade dos recursos hídricos da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapozinho. Para isso foi seguido um roteiro que contemplou as etapas de desenvolvimento dos processos de projeto e produção cartográfica com o intuito subsidiar a análise ambiental de bacias hidrográficas. Os princípios da comunicação cartográfica foram aplicados no projeto e na produção dos mapas temáticos. O processo de análise ambiental foi elaborado a partir da compilação dos dados levantados na etapa de produção cartográfica, apoiado por análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas das águas superficiais da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapozinho. O trabalho buscou trazer reflexões sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental e os usos da terra relacionados com a qualidade ambiental. Por meio da identificação da situação ambiental da bacia estudada foram realizadas relações entre os aspectos físicos levantados e a qualidade das águas superficiais. Os resultados apontam para impactos na bacia hidrográfica oriundos do inadequado processo de ocupação da bacia. Destaca-se um déficit vegetacional, e intensa ocupação de pastagem e culturas. Destaca-se também a influência do lançamento de efluente industrial em áreas da cabeceira de drenagem do rio Pirapozinho em seu curso principal. Pelas análises de águas superficiais foi possível identificar pontos de contaminação hídrica. Os parâmetros que encontraram-se acima do limite aceitável segundo a resolução Conama 357/05, alterada pela resolução Conama 430/11, foram: demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo, oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio total e Escherichia Coli. Atribui-se estas alterações as atividades industriais e agropecuárias na bacia estudada.

This paper discusses several compositions that use the computer screen to present music notation to performers. Three of these compositions, Law of Fives (2015), Polytera II (2016), and Terraformation (2016–17), employ strategies that allow the notation to change during the performance of the work as the product of composer-regulated algorithmic generation and performer interaction. New methodologies, implemented using Cycling74's Max software, facilitate performance of these works by allowing effective control of generation and on-screen display of notation; these include an application called VizScore, which delivers notation and conducts through it in real-time, and a development environment for real-time notation using the Bach extensions and graphical overlays around them. These tools support a concept of cartographic composition, in which a composer maps a range of potential behaviors that are mediated by human or algorithmic systems or some combination of the two. Notational variation in performance relies on computer algorithms that can both generate novel ideas and be subject to formal plans designed by the composer. This requires a broader discussion of the underlying algorithms and control mechanisms in the context of algorithmic art in general. Terraformation, for viola and computer, uses a model of the performer's physical actions to constrain the algorithmic generation of musical material displayed in on-screen notation. The resulting action-based on-screen notation system combines common practice notation with fingerboard tablature, color gradients, and abstract graphics. This hybrid model of dynamic notation puts unconventional demands on the performer; implications of this new performance practice are addressed, including behaviors, challenges, and freedoms of real-time notation.

In recent years emotion-related applications like smartphone apps that document and analyse the emotions of the user, have become very popular. But research also can deal with human emotions in a very technology-driven approach. Thus space-related emotions are of interest as well which can be visualised cartographically and can be captured in different ways. The research project of this dissertation deals with the extraction of georeferenced emotions from the written language in the metadata of Flickr and Panoramio photos, thus from user-generated content, as well as with their modelling and visualisation. Motivation is the integration of an emotional component into location-based services for tourism since only factual information is considered thus far although places have an emotional impact. The metadata of those user-generated photos contain descriptions of the place that is depicted within the respective picture. The words used have affective connotations which are determined with the help of emotional word lists. The emotion that is associated with the particular word in the word list is described on the basis of the two dimensions ‘valence’ and ‘arousal’. Together with the coordinates of the respective photo, the extracted emotion forms a georeferenced emotion. The algorithm that was developed for the extraction of these emotions applies different approaches from the field of computer linguistics and considers grammatical special cases like the amplification or negation of words. The algorithm was applied to a dataset of Flickr and Panoramio photos of Dresden (Germany). The results are an emotional characterisation of space which makes it possible to assess and investigate specific features of georeferenced emotions. These features are especially related to the temporal dependence and the temporal reference of emotions on one hand; on the other hand collectively and individually perceived emotions have to be distinguished. As a consequence, a place does not necessarily have to be connected with merely one emotion but possibly also with several. The analysis was carried out with the help of different cartographic visualisations. The temporal occurrence of georeferenced emotions was examined detailed. Hence the dissertation focuses on fundamental research into the extraction of space-related emotions from georeferenced user-generated content as well as their visualisation. However as an outlook, further research questions and core themes are identified which arose during the investigations. This shows that this subject is far from being exhausted.:Statement of Authorship I Acknowledgements II Abstract III Zusammenfassung V Table of Contents VII List of Figures XI List of Tables XIV List of Abbreviations XV 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Research Questions 3 1.3 Thesis Structure 4 1.4 Underlying Publications 4 2 State of the Art 6 2.1 Emotions 6 2.1.1 Definitions and Terms 6 2.1.2 Emotion Theories 7 2.1.2.1 James-Lange Theory 9 2.1.2.2 Two-Factor Theory 9 2.1.3 Structuring Emotions 9 2.1.3.1 Dimensional Approaches 10 2.1.3.2 Basic Emotions 11 2.1.3.3 Empirical Similarity Categories 12 2.1.4 Acquisition of Emotions 14 2.1.4.1 Verbal Procedures 14 2.1.4.2 Non-Verbal Procedures 14 2.1.5 Relation between Emotions and Places 15 2.1.6 Emotions in Language 17 2.1.7 Affect Analysis and Sentiment Analysis 20 2.2 User-Generated Content 22 2.2.1 Definition and Characterisation 22 2.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 23 2.2.3 Tagging 24 2.2.4 Inaccuracies 28 2.2.5 Flickr and Panoramio 29 2.2.5.1 Flickr 30 2.2.5.2 Panoramio 31 2.3 Related Work on Georeferenced Emotions 32 2.3.1 Emotional Data Resulting from Biometric Measurements 33 2.3.1.1 Bio Mapping 33 2.3.1.2 EmBaGIS 34 2.3.1.3 Ein emotionales Kiezportrait 35 2.3.2 Emotional Data Resulting from Empirical Surveys 35 2.3.2.1 EmoMap 35 2.3.2.2 WiMo 36 2.3.2.3 ECDESUP 37 2.3.2.4 Map of World Happiness 38 2.3.2.5 Emotional Study of Yeongsan River Basin 39 2.3.3 Emotional Data Resulting from User-Generated Content 40 2.3.3.1 Emography 40 2.3.3.2 Twittermood 40 2.3.3.3 Tweetbeat 42 2.3.3.4 Beautiful picture of an ugly place 42 2.3.4 Visualisation in the Related Work 43 3 Methods 45 3.1 Approach for Extracting Georeferenced Emotions from the Metadata of Flickr and Panoramio Photos 45 3.2 Implemented Algorithm 45 3.3 Grammatical Special Cases 47 3.3.1 Degree Words 48 3.3.2 Negation 52 3.3.2.1 Syntactic Negation in English Language 55 3.3.2.2 Syntactic Negation in German Language 57 3.3.3 Modification of Words Affected by Grammatical Special Cases 60 4 Visualisation and Analysis of Extracted Georeferenced Emotions 62 4.1 Data Basis 62 4.2 Density Maps 67 4.3 Inverse Distance Weight 71 4.4 3D Visualisation 73 4.5 Choropleth Mapping 74 4.6 Point Symbols 78 4.7 Impact of Considering Grammatical Special Cases 80 5 Investigation in Temporal Aspects 85 5.1 Annually Occurrence of Emotions 85 5.2 Periodic Events 87 5.3 Single Events 91 5.4 Dependence of Georeferenced Emotions on Different Periods of Time 93 5.4.1 Seasons 95 5.4.2 Months 96 5.4.3 Weekdays 98 5.4.4 Times of Day 99 5.5 Potentials and Limits of Temporal Analyses 99 6 Discussion 100 6.1 Evaluation 100 6.2 Weaknesses and Problems 102 7 Conclusions and Outlook 105 7.1 Answers to the Research Questions 105 7.2 Outlook and Future Work 107 8 Bibliography 112 Appendices XVI / In den letzten Jahren sind emotionsbezogene Anwendungen, wie Apps, die die Emotionen des Nutzers dokumentieren und analysieren, sehr populär geworden. Ebenfalls in der Forschung sind Emotionen in einem sehr technologiegetriebenen Ansatz ein Thema. So auch ortsbezogene Emotionen, die sich somit kartographisch darstellen lassen und auf verschiedene Art und Weisen gewonnen werden können. Das Forschungsvorhaben der Dissertation befasst sich mit der Extraktion von georeferenzierten Emotionen aus geschriebener Sprache unter Verwendung von Metadaten verorteter Flickr- und Panoramio-Fotos, d.h. aus nutzergenerierten Inhalten, sowie deren Modellierung und Visualisierung. Motivation hierfür ist die Einbindung einer emotionalen Komponente in ortsbasierte touristische Dienste, da diese bisher nur faktische Informationen berücksichtigen, obwohl Orte durchaus eine emotionale Wirkung haben. Die Metadaten dieser nutzergenerierten Inhalte stellen Beschreibungen des auf dem Foto festgehaltenen Ortes dar. Die dafür verwendeten Wörter besitzen affektive Konnotationen, welche mit Hilfe emotionaler Wortlisten ermittelt werden. Die Emotion, die mit dem jeweiligen Wort in der Wortliste assoziiert wird, wird anhand der zwei Dimensionen Valenz und Erregung beschrieben. Die extrahierten Emotionen bilden zusammen mit der geographischen Koordinate des jeweiligen Fotos eine georeferenzierte Emotion. Der zur Extraktion dieser Emotionen entwickelte Algorithmus bringt verschiedene Ansätze aus dem Bereich der Computerlinguistik zum Einsatz und berücksichtigt ebenso grammatikalische Sonderfälle, wie Intensivierung oder Negation von Wörtern. Der Algorithmus wurde auf einen Datensatz von Flickr- und Panoramio-Fotos von Dresden angewendet. Die Ergebnisse stellen eine emotionale Raumcharakterisierung dar und ermöglichen es, spezifische Eigenschaften verorteter Emotionen festzustellen und zu untersuchen. Diese Eigenschaften beziehen sich sowohl auf die zeitliche Abhängigkeit und den zeitlichen Bezug von Emotionen, als auch darauf, dass zwischen kollektiv und individuell wahrgenommenen Emotionen unterschieden werden muss. Das bedeutet, dass ein Ort nicht nur mit einer Emotion verbunden sein muss, sondern möglicherweise auch mit mehreren. Die Auswertung erfolgte mithilfe verschiedener kartographischer Visualisierungen. Eingehender wurde das zeitliche Auftreten der ortsbezogenen Emotionen untersucht. Der Fokus der Dissertation liegt somit auf der Grundlagenforschung zur Extraktion verorteter Emotionen aus georeferenzierten nutzergenerierten Inhalten sowie deren Visualisierung. Im Ausblick werden jedoch weitere Fragestellungen und Schwerpunkte genannt, die sich im Laufe der Untersuchungen ergeben haben, womit gezeigt wird, dass dieses Forschungsgebiet bei Weitem noch nicht ausgeschöpft ist.:Statement of Authorship I Acknowledgements II Abstract III Zusammenfassung V Table of Contents VII List of Figures XI List of Tables XIV List of Abbreviations XV 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Research Questions 3 1.3 Thesis Structure 4 1.4 Underlying Publications 4 2 State of the Art 6 2.1 Emotions 6 2.1.1 Definitions and Terms 6 2.1.2 Emotion Theories 7 2.1.2.1 James-Lange Theory 9 2.1.2.2 Two-Factor Theory 9 2.1.3 Structuring Emotions 9 2.1.3.1 Dimensional Approaches 10 2.1.3.2 Basic Emotions 11 2.1.3.3 Empirical Similarity Categories 12 2.1.4 Acquisition of Emotions 14 2.1.4.1 Verbal Procedures 14 2.1.4.2 Non-Verbal Procedures 14 2.1.5 Relation between Emotions and Places 15 2.1.6 Emotions in Language 17 2.1.7 Affect Analysis and Sentiment Analysis 20 2.2 User-Generated Content 22 2.2.1 Definition and Characterisation 22 2.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 23 2.2.3 Tagging 24 2.2.4 Inaccuracies 28 2.2.5 Flickr and Panoramio 29 2.2.5.1 Flickr 30 2.2.5.2 Panoramio 31 2.3 Related Work on Georeferenced Emotions 32 2.3.1 Emotional Data Resulting from Biometric Measurements 33 2.3.1.1 Bio Mapping 33 2.3.1.2 EmBaGIS 34 2.3.1.3 Ein emotionales Kiezportrait 35 2.3.2 Emotional Data Resulting from Empirical Surveys 35 2.3.2.1 EmoMap 35 2.3.2.2 WiMo 36 2.3.2.3 ECDESUP 37 2.3.2.4 Map of World Happiness 38 2.3.2.5 Emotional Study of Yeongsan River Basin 39 2.3.3 Emotional Data Resulting from User-Generated Content 40 2.3.3.1 Emography 40 2.3.3.2 Twittermood 40 2.3.3.3 Tweetbeat 42 2.3.3.4 Beautiful picture of an ugly place 42 2.3.4 Visualisation in the Related Work 43 3 Methods 45 3.1 Approach for Extracting Georeferenced Emotions from the Metadata of Flickr and Panoramio Photos 45 3.2 Implemented Algorithm 45 3.3 Grammatical Special Cases 47 3.3.1 Degree Words 48 3.3.2 Negation 52 3.3.2.1 Syntactic Negation in English Language 55 3.3.2.2 Syntactic Negation in German Language 57 3.3.3 Modification of Words Affected by Grammatical Special Cases 60 4 Visualisation and Analysis of Extracted Georeferenced Emotions 62 4.1 Data Basis 62 4.2 Density Maps 67 4.3 Inverse Distance Weight 71 4.4 3D Visualisation 73 4.5 Choropleth Mapping 74 4.6 Point Symbols 78 4.7 Impact of Considering Grammatical Special Cases 80 5 Investigation in Temporal Aspects 85 5.1 Annually Occurrence of Emotions 85 5.2 Periodic Events 87 5.3 Single Events 91 5.4 Dependence of Georeferenced Emotions on Different Periods of Time 93 5.4.1 Seasons 95 5.4.2 Months 96 5.4.3 Weekdays 98 5.4.4 Times of Day 99 5.5 Potentials and Limits of Temporal Analyses 99 6 Discussion 100 6.1 Evaluation 100 6.2 Weaknesses and Problems 102 7 Conclusions and Outlook 105 7.1 Answers to the Research Questions 105 7.2 Outlook and Future Work 107 8 Bibliography 112 Appendices XVI