I samband med kommande klimatförändringar kommer antalet skyfall och perioder av torka att öka i världen vilket i sin tur ställer större krav på städers dagvattenhantering. Ett sätt att förbättra dagvattenhanteringen är att införa vattenåteranvändning i byggnader. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att utreda olika referensobjekt inom Norden som planerar att införa denna sorts teknik, eller som redan etablerat tekniken på marknaden. Arbetet ämnar även att utforska olika driftrelaterade frågor samt utreda vilken teknik som är mest lönsam utifrån faktorerna effektiv återvinning av dagvatten, projektkostnad samt poänggivande möjligheter inom olika miljöcertifieringssystem. För att besvara de formulerade frågeställningarna utfördes fem intervjuer baserat på en semistrukturerad intervjuteknik med individer insatta i de olika referensobjekten. Därutöver granskades ett flertal dokument som införskaffats från de olika företagen, både från intervjuobjekten men även från andra inblandade. En modell i programmeringsprogrammet MATLAB togs fram för att beräkna antalet dagar då det insamlade dagvattnet täcker behovet i byggnaderna övriga beräkningar gjordes i Excel där data inhämtats från SMHI:s hemsida över historisk data. Efter vidare undersökning framkom det att det inom Norden finns fem aktuella projekt varav ett är i projekteringsfasen, ett i byggnadsfasen och tre är i drift. Sergelhuset i Stockholm är det största projektet sett till takyta. Huset försörjer systemet flest antal dagar av året med tillräckligt dagvattenmängd för att täcka upp det dagliga vattenbehovet i byggnaden. Citypassagen i Örebro bedömdes vara minst kostnadseffektivt då projektet hade högst kostnader samtidigt som byggnaden hade minst antal dagvattenförsörjningsdagar. Då information saknas för Skanskas huvudkontor och Humlehuset kunde dessa referensobjekt inte jämföras på likartat sätt. Det framkom även att det vanligaste förekommande miljöcertifieringssystemet var LEED som tillämpats inom både Sergelhuset, Celsius och Skanskas huvudkontor. Samtliga projekt har ambitioner om att nå den högsta nivån, platinum, främst på grund av kommersiella skäl. Citypassagen hade ansökt om Miljöbyggnad och beräknas att certifieras enligt näst högsta nivån - Silver. / Due to future climate change, the number of downpours and periods of drought will increase which in turn will put greater demands on urban stormwater management. One way to improve stormwater management is to implement water recycling in buildings. The purpose of this essay is therefore to investigate projects in the Nordic region who are planning to implement this kind of technology or already have implemented it. The essay also aims to explore various connected operational issues and see which technology is most profitable based on the factors; efficient stormwater recycling, project cost and the possibility to give points in different environmental certification systems. In order to fulfil the purpose of the essay, five interviews were conducted based on a semi-structured interview technique with individuals familiar with the projects. In addition, several documents collected from the same individuals and others involved were also examined. A model in the programming software MATLAB was generated to enable calculation of the number of days the buildings were able to provide the storm water system with a volume of rainwater large enough to cover the daily need. Other calculations were performed in Excel where data over downpour has been obtained from SMHI’s website over historical data. Only five current projects could be found within the Nordic region, one of which is in the planning phase, one in the construction phase and three are in operation. Sergelhuset in Stockholm is the largest project based to roof area. The building provides the stormwater system with rainwater large enough to cover the water requirement during the highest number of days. Citypassagen in Örebro was the least cost-effective since the project had the highest costs while at the same time it had the least number of water supply days, only 69 days of the year the system was provided only with rainwater. Skanska's head office and Humlehuset were not included in the comparison since essential information was missing. It also emerged that the most common environmental certification system was LEED, which was used in both Sergelhuset, Celsius and Skanska's head office. All projects have ambitions to reach the highest level, platinum, mainly because of commercial reasons. Citypassagen has applied for Miljöbyggnad - level Silver.

Hållbar utveckling har haft en växande inverkan på bygg- och fastighetsbranschen under de två senaste decennierna och en rad frivilliga miljöcertifieringssystem för byggnader har vuxit fram, däribland BREEAM och LEED, som idag är de två mest igenkända och internationella certifieringssystemen, samtidigt som allt fler länder bestämmer sig för att ansluta sig till denna gröna rörelse och utvecklar egna, nationella miljöcertifieringssystem för byggnader. Att bygga grönt och kunna verifiera detta med en certifieringsstämpel är idag en betydande och synlig aspekt, men fortfarande är det bara en sida av en mycket bredare strategi för hållbara affärer som sträcker sig in i företagets strategi och ledarskap, integrerad förvaltning och rapportering samt företagens miljöanpassning. Många nyckelaktörer i dessa branscher söker alltmer erkännande för sina hållbarhetsmeriter och har börjat utforska kopplingarna mellan hållbarhet och värde. I detta syfte använder allt fler bygg- och fastighetsbolag, investerare och företag så kallade gröna byggnader eller miljöcertifieringssystem för att placera sina byggnader isär från resten. Ett företag som idag väljer att utveckla, äga eller hyra en miljöcertifierad byggnad kommer att behöva fatta beslut om vilket system är att föredra – ett lokalt certifieringssystem, som är mer anpassat till de nationella förhållandena, eller ett internationellt. Aktörerna på den svenska bygg- och fastighetsmarknaden har agerat försiktigt, trots sitt utvecklade miljöarbete, när det gäller tillämpningen av miljöcertifieringssystemen, vilket gör att Sverige just nu ligger efter i antalet certifierade byggnader, och därmed tillgången till den kvantitativa databasen över dessa som skulle kunna bidra till en närmare undersökning av värdekopplingarna. Vi kan inte påstå att de barriärer, som anses hålla tillbaka spridningen av miljöcertifieringssystemen i Sverige, i form av bland annat ovilja att betala högre produktionskostnader vid tillämpningen av dessa, är borta idag, men vi kan notera att alltfler företag börjar känna av dynamiken i utvecklingen runt omkring sig och väljer att ansluta sig till den gröna rörelsen. De största fördelar med miljöcertifieringssystemen på den kommersiella marknaden i Sverige idag verkar vara:  Konkurrensfördelar, som även stärker varumärket och visar att företaget tar sitt miljöansvar.  Framtida hygienfaktor, som gör att företagen väljer att satsa på det redan idag.  Ett lättbegripligt kommunikationsmedel från tredje part. På bostadsmarknaden kan det idag inte observeras någon efterfrågan alls efter miljöcertifierade byggnader enligt de intervjuade. Detta kan till största del förklaras med att de privata konsumenterna än så länge fortfarande efterfrågar andra, mer traditionella faktorer vid val av sin bostad, såsom läge, pris och funktion. Med det underlag vi har samlat in under arbetets gång kan vi inte dra några generella slutsatser, men en trolig utveckling på bostadsmarknaden kan vara att efterfrågan kan komma efter att antalet certifierade byggnader ökar. Över tiden, när det finns tillräckligt många miljöcertifierade byggnader, kan det komma att leda till att det, likt den troliga utvecklingen på den kommersiella marknaden, blir en viktigivfaktor som kommer att övervägas tillsammans med de traditionella faktorerna vid valet av bostad. Utvecklingen av klimatarbetet har hittills huvudsakligen kretsat kring energieffektiviseringsfrågor. Miljöcertifierade byggnader kan i framtiden komma att innebära kvalitetsbyggnader. Det är även troligt att fokus kommer så småningom att flytta från energifrågan till byggnadsmaterial- samt inomhusmiljö aspekter. Medan utvecklingen av miljöcertifieringssystemen sannolikt kommer leda till att även innefatta de ekonomiska och sociala hållbarhetsfaktorerna, vilket innebär en mycket större samverkan mellan allt som finns och händer runt omkring en byggnad och gör den till en spindel i nätet. / Sustainable development has had a growing impact on building and real estate industry during the past two decades and a number of voluntary environmental rating systems for buildings have emerged, including BREEAM and LEED, which today are the two most recognized and international rating systems, whilst the increasing number of countries decide to join the green movement and develop own national environmental rating systems for buildings. To build green and to be able to verify that with a certification stamp is today a significant and visible aspect, but still it is only one side of a much broader approach for sustainable businesses that extends into corporate strategy and leadership, integrated management and reporting and corporate environmental adjustment. Many key stakeholders in these industries are increasingly looking for recognition of their sustainability credentials and started to explore the linkages between sustainability and value. For this purpose the increasing number of construction and real estate companies, investors and corporates are using so-called green buildings or environmental rating systems to set their buildings apart from the rest. A company that today chooses to develop, own or occupy an environmentally rated building will need to decide which system is preferable – a local rating system, which is better suited to the national context, or an international one. The stakeholders of the Swedish building and real estate industry have acted cautiously, despite its advanced environmental work, as regards the application of environmental rating systems, which means that Sweden is currently lagging behind in the number of rated buildings and thus the access to the quantitative database of these which could contribute to a closer examination of the value linkages. We cannot say that the barriers which are considered to hold back the spread of environmental rating systems in Sweden, in the shape of, among others, unwillingness to pay higher production costs when applying these systems, are gone today, but we can note that the increasing number of companies are beginning to feel the dynamics of the development around them and choose to join the green movement. The main benefits of certification systems in the commercial market in Sweden today seem to be:  Competitive benefits that also strengthens the brand and demonstrate that the company takes its environmental responsibility.  Future hygiene factor that makes companies choose to go for it already today.  An easily understandable communication means from a third-party. In the today’s residential market it cannot be observed any demand at all for environmentally rated buildings, according to the interviewees. This can be explained by that the private consumers up to now still are seeking for other, more traditional factors when choosing their accommodation, such as location, price and function. With the information that we have gathered during our work we cannot draw any general conclusions, but a likely development in the residential market can be that demand can come after the number of rated buildings increases. Over time, when there are a sufficient amount of rated buildings, it can lead to that, like the possible development in the commercial market, it will be an important factor that will be considered along with the traditional factors in the choice of accommodation. Environmentally rated buildings may in the future come to mean quality buildings. It is also probable that the focus will eventually move from energy issue to the building materials and indoor environment aspects. While the development of rating systems probably will expand to also include the economic and social sustainability factors, which means a much greater collaboration between all that exists and going on around a building and makes it into a spider in the web.

På grund av den pågående globala uppvärmningen och den ökademedvetenheten om människans miljöpåverkan har intresset för attbygga hållbart skjutit i höjden, såväl hos stora byggföretag som hosprivatpersoner. Studien undersöker om det på ett enkelt sett går attkonstruera ett attefallshus som uppfyller kraven för passivhus,FEBY guld, och samtidigt gör det lönsamt i längden. Attefallshusetsom studien utgår ifrån är tänkt att användas som ett fritidshusoch huset är tänkt att sedan uppföras i verkligheten. Tre olikabyggnader kommer konstrueras och beräknas för att sedanjämföras. Hus A kommer konstrueras enligt minimikraven i PBLoch BBR, medan hus B utgår från samma stomme men som medhjälp av ökad isolering ska försöka uppnå FEBY guld. Det tredjehuset, hus C, konstrueras som ett mellanting mellan de tidigarehusen för att se hur lönsamheten förändras med ökadenergieffektivitet. De ökade byggkostnaderna jämfördes sedanmed den minskade energiförbrukningen för att se vilket alternativsom var mest lönsamt. Resultatet landade i att det inte var möjligtatt uppfylla de hårda krav som råder för att certifiera enligt FEBYguld med utgångspunkt i hus A. Val av uppvärmningssystem, elelement,och val av fönster och dess storlek gjorde det helt omöjligtatt uppnå den låga årsenergiförbrukning som krävs på 26 kWh/m2.Vid jämförelse mellan hus A och C blev den sistnämnda mestlönsam, med ca 32 000 kr marginal efter 50 år. Slutsatsen som kandras av studien är att det krävs ingående förändringar i enkonstruktion för att uppnå denna miljöcertifiering och för ett sålitet hus som ett attefallshus är det ännu svårare, tillsammans medatt energipriset påverkar lönsamheten i stor utsträckning. Det hadevarit intressant att i framtiden undersöka om det finns någonannan lämplig miljöcertifiering för små fritidshus somprivatpersoner kan ha att sträva mot. / Because of the ongoing global warming and the increasedawareness of the human impact on the climate, the interest inbuilding more sustainably has become enormous, among bigconstruction companies as well as civilians. This study examines ifthere are any easy ways to construct an attefallshouse that meet therequirements for passive house, according to FEBY gold, and at thesame time makes it profitable in the long run. The house used inthis study will be used as a holiday house and will hopefully bebuilt in real life, eventually. House A was constructed according tothe minimum requirements according to PBL and BBR, whilehouse B used the same frame but in addition there was addedmore insulation to meet the requirements in FEBY gold. The thirdhouse, house C, also used the same frame but was constructed tobecome a house in between the two others to see how theeconomical part would change with increased energymanagement. The higher building costs was then compared to thedecreased energy consumption to see which alternative thatwas most profitable. The result showed that it was not possible tomeet the requirements in FEBY gold if you used house A as astarting model. The choice of heating system, electrical elements,and the choice of windows and its size, made it impossible toachieve the extremely low energy consumption that was needed,26 kWh/m2. When house A and house C were compared it showedthat the last one was the most beneficial house purelyeconomically, it was approximately 32 000 SEK cheaper than houseA over 50 years.. The conclusion that can be drawn from this studyis that there will need to be big changes in a construction of ahouse to achieve this high passive house status. The small size ofthis attefallshouse and the chosen heating system for this realestate made it even harder. It would be interesting in the future tosee if there are other environmental certification that could be moreusable for small holiday houses that civilians could strive towards. / <p>2022-06-22</p>

National studies suggest that eighty percent of existing code professionals are expected to retire within the next fifteen years. As part of this research, it was determined that approximately half of all licensed building inspectors in the State of Utah will reach retirement age within the next ten years. As building inspectors make up a large part of the Code Professional Industry this demographic was selected as the focus of this research. The purpose of this research project was to assess the urgent need for new entrants into the Code Professional Industry in Utah. As part of this research, trends within the local industry over a 20 year period were evaluated. A statewide survey of over 300 licensed building inspectors was conducted to investigate the demographics of the industry, and gain first-hand insight from individual code professionals. This research was successful in quantifying the size of the Code Professional Industry in Utah, and numbering the populations of certified professionals in each individual code discipline. In addition, projected losses were established within each code discipline, discovering many disciplines in which over 50% of current professionals would be lost within a ten year period. In addition projections were made contrasting the number of code professionals leaving the industry versus the small anticipated number of individuals entering the industry. This research conclusively predicts a steady and dramatic decline in the number of licensed code professionals, unless the industry actively works toward addressing the issue. The group of aging code professionals possess a level of knowledge and experience not easily replaced. This study was based on an extensive statewide survey of licensed building inspectors in Utah, and collected opinions, concerns and insights directly from the Code Professional Industry. The findings of this study provide a unique look at this specialized industry within a single state. The lessons learned likely apply to populations of code professionals in other locations. This study concluded that a combination of phased retirement, modified work duties and mentoring programs would be of great benefit to the Code Professional Industry, by allowing the transfer of knowledge between the outgoing generation and the future generation of code professionals.

Purpose- To investigate what motivates innovation management professionals to undertake a personal certification, and how such certification affects their authority and influence. The secondary purpose with this study was to collect empirical data as a research contribution to Ingrid Kihlander, researcher at the organization RISELimitation – The study focusing on innovation management professionals certified during 2021-2022. Further, in line with the purpose the study focused to a theoretical framework, and thus implicitly limited, the analysis of the empirical data to the aspects of the segment “looking good” (as describes in the theoretical framework).Research question: How does a personal certification for Innovation management professionals affect their authority and influence?Method – The method is a qualitative study based on seven interviews with innovation management professionals which has undertaken the personal certificate. Findings/Results – The results are based on the motivations to undertake certification from a general perspective and from the perspective around status and power, career progress, and financial gain. It also takes up the affects that a personal certification can have from the general perspective and from the perspective of status and power and authority and influence. Analysis/ Discussion – is based on the findings and the analysis method is triangulation where data puts against the theory followed with a discussion. Conclusion – Personal Certificate to Innovation management professionals have positive affects in terms of competence, legitimacy, credibility, and influence. Specific related to research question the affects on authority can be discussed further, but there are positive affects on influence.

Växtväggen i byggnaden på Teknikringen 78A var en utgångspunkt i detta examensarbete där ett samarbete mellan KTH, Vertical plants system och examenstagare skedde. Arbetet gick ut på att undersöka växtväggen och studera olika påverkande faktorer. I dagsläget är det väldigt många faktorer och grundkällor som påverkan miljön vi lever i, inom byggbranschen sker dagligen utsläpp av farliga föroreningar som påverkar miljön och försvagar naturen. Av detta skäl valdes en miljövänlig alternativ lösning att studeras, nämligen växtväggar inomhus. För att ge en enkel förståelse för läsaren av rapporten har arbetet börjats med en internationell jämförelse mellan tre ledande företag inom området för växtväggar vars unika system undersöktes. Dessa tre var Nedlaw, Naava och Vertical Plants System AB. Därefter studerades olika miljöcertifieringssystem från SGBC och valet hamnade på BREEAM-SE. BREEAM-SE ett system som behandlar frågor inom såväl energianvändningen och inomhusluftkvalitet som är två betydande faktorer som påverkas av en växtvägg. Studien gick ut på att undersöka olika indikatorer inom områden och växtväggens förmåga att bidra vid poänggivning vid certifiering av en byggnad. Vidare gjordes en djupgående studie på kyleffektbehovet i byggnaden på Teknikringen 78A med olika mätvärde från företaget som monterade växtväggen i byggnaden samt fastighetsägaren Akademiska hus. Med hjälp av mätvärden kunde en slutsats dras om att växtväggar verkligen har ett märkbart kyleffektbidrag i byggnaden som i sin tur medförde en sänkning av kyleffektbehovet med minst ca 10% utan fläkt och ca 20% med fläkt. Därtill presenterades resonemanget om sänkning av ventilationsrörens dimension i byggnaden för att undersöka om man kan få ut ekonomiska- och miljöbesparingar med hjälp av en växtvägg eller inte. Resultatet visade att man kan spara upp till 36%. Slutligen utfördes en studie på alla för- och nackdelar av växtväggar inomhus med huvudfokus på växternas miljö- och hälsoeffekt i allmänhet. Detta gjordes mot bakgrunden att det faktiskt saknas tillgång till en detaljerad information och kunskap om växtväggar trots stor efterfråga i marknaden. Resultatet av studien visade att växter i sig innehåller många fördelar på det fysiska och psykiska hälsan, miljön och på samhället i stort. Tillika visade det sig att en växtvägg uppfyller en betydande estetisk funktion i en lokal. Rapporten avslutades med en sammanställning av alla resultat kring de olika delarna som presenterades i arbetet. Slutligen visade det sig att en växtvägg är en livslång investering på hälsan och miljön som bör beaktas oftare och bli större inom en bransch som denna då bygg står för utsläpp av många miljögifter. / The plant wall in the building at Teknikringen 78A was a starting point for this project, where collaboration between KTH, Vertical plants and examiners took place. The main focus was about exploring the plant wall and studying various influencing factors. There are many factors and sources that affect the environment we live in. Within the construction industry, daily emissions of hazardous pollutants affect the environment and diminish nature. For this reason, an environmentally friendly alternative solution like indoor plant walls was chosen to be studied. To provide a simple understanding for the reader of this report, work has begun with an international comparison of three leading companies in the field of plant walls whose unique systems were investigated. These three were Nedlaw, Naava and Vertical Plants System AB. Thereafter, various environmental certification systems were studied from the SGBC and the choice ended at BREEAM-SE. BREEAM-SE is a system that treats areas such as energy and indoor air quality issues, which are two significant factors influenced by a plant wall. The study was about investigating different indicators in areas and the plant wall's ability to contribute to scoring for the certification of a building. In addition, a thorough study of the cooling efficiency requirement was made in the building at Teknikringen 78A with different measurement values from the company that mounted the plant wall in the building and the property owner Akademiska hus. Using measurements, a conclusion could be drawn that plant walls really have a noticeable cooling effect contribution in the building, which in turn resulted in a reduction of the cooling efficiency requirement by at least about 10% without fan and about 20% with fan. In addition, the reasoning was presented about reducing the ventilation pipes dimension in the building to investigate whether or not to obtain economic and environmental savings using a plant wall. The result showed that you can save up to 36%. Finally, a study was conducted on all the benefits and cons of indoor plant walls, with focus on the environmental and health effects of the plants in general. This was done by the fact that there is actually no access to detailed information and knowledge of plant walls despite high demand in the market. The result of the study showed that plants in themselves contain many benefits to physical and mental health, the environment and society. Additionally, it appeared that a plant wall fulfills a significant aesthetic function in a local area. This report was completed with a summary of all results about the various parts presented above. Finally, it turned out that a plant wall is a lifelong investment in health and the environment and should be considered more often and become larger in an industry like this, since buildings branch is a brunch were a lot of emissions released into the environment.

Människans välmående och förmåga att prestera optimalt påverkas av inomhusklimatet. de främsta faktorerna som påverkar människans upplevelse av detta är luftkvalitet, ljus och ljudnivåer.I den här rapporten vill vi ta reda på hur en byggnad som vi har valt lever upp till de krav som ställs på inomhusklimatet, ta reda på hur personer i byggbranschen ser på/värderar inomhusklimatet och hur det arbetar för att uppfylla kraven på ett bra inomhusklimat. För att ta reda på detta har vi använt oss av handlingar för det huset vill valt, intervjuer med branschfolk samt en enkätundersökning som delats ut till brukarna av byggnaden.Byggnaden uppfyller de krav som ställs på ljud, ljus, luftkvalité, värmekomfort på vinterhalvåret och värmekomfort på sommarhalvåret enligt miljöbyggnad gulds kriterier för projekterande värden. Enligt vår enkät undersökning med 46 deltagare där frågor som tagits fram av Sweden Green Building Council som handlar om hur nöjda brukarna är med inomhusklimatet klarade ljud, ljus och luftkvalitet kraven på nöjdhet som ska vara minst 80 % av deltagarna. Värmekomforten i byggnaden klarade däremot inte kraven på både vinter och sommarhalvåret.Slutsatsen från den här studien är att i byggnaden överlag håller en hög standard men att det går att göra förbättringar i värmesystemen i form av injusteringar av ventilation och sekundärvärme. Deltagarna var väldigt nöjda med dagsljus och vi kom fram till slutsatsen att på grund av de stora fönsterytorna som skapar detta är det svårt att få en bra värmekomfort i fastigheten då alla typer av öppningar för med sig värmeförluster.De företag och personer vi har varit i kontakt med jobbar alla aktivt med inomhusklimat frågor både i projekteringsstadiet och i brukar stadiet. De ser alla en positiv framtid för den fortsatta utvecklingen av inomhusklimatet och att det är en av de viktigaste frågor man ställs inför vid uppförande av fastigheter. / Human well-being and ability to perform optimally are affected by the indoor climate. The main factors that affect the human experience of this are air quality, light and noise levels.In this report we want to find out how a building we have chosen meets the requirements of the indoor climate, find out how people in the construction industry are looking at/appreciating the indoor climate and how they work to meet the requirements for a good indoor climate. To research this we have used documents from the house we choose, interviews with industry people and a survey conducted to the users of the building.The building meets the requirements for sound, light, air quality, warmth comfort during the winter and heat comfort during the summer months according to the environmental building gold criteria for projected values. According to our survey, a survey of 46 participants where questions raised by the Swedish Green Building Council, which deal with how satisfied the users are with the indoor climate, sound, light and air quality achieved the satisfaction requirements that should be at least 80%. However, the heating comfort in the building did not meet the demands in winter and summertime's.The conclusion from this study is that the building in general has a high standard but that improvements in heating systems can be made in form of adjustments of ventilation and secondary heating. The participants were very happy with daylight and we came to the conclusion that because of the large windows that create this, it is difficult to get a good heating comfort in the property as all types of openings bring heat losses.The companies and people we have been in contact with, all actively work with indoor climate issues, both at the design stage and at the user stage. They all see a positive future for the continued development of the indoor climate and that it is one of the most important issues facing the construction of real estate

The building industry is one of the most polluting industry in the world as buildings are responsible for 30% of greenhouse gas emission in the world (IAE, 2010) and have very low replacement rates. Measuring the environmental impacts of construction is now a major concern.The main objective of this thesis was to give an overview of the current status of building certifications, discuss the expected roles and limitations of building certifications, and analyze the impact of building certification tools during the conception of a building or an urban project.For the following thesis, qualitative research was used the most since the purpose is to have a better understanding of the role of building certifications among building and real estate professionals. An empirical study was made consisting of 9 semi-structured interviews and a survey designed for building professionals such as architects, constructors, environmental building consultants, and property developers.This paper shows that certification tools are becoming very common among building professionals especially in metropolitan areas such as Paris. The main drivers for developing certified buildings are client demand, marketing advantage and an overall high quality building. The main obstacle remains the initial cost. Building professionals from the interview and the survey almost all agree that certifications are a good guide and assessment tool to build high quality buildings. However, building professionals are quite insure on the impact of certification tools on sustainability on the conception of a building or urban project as many factors are to take into account.

Teacher attrition and retention has become a major issue facing education policymakers and practioners as our nation's school age population continues to grow, but the teaching workforce does not. This study seeks to examine the impact of certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) on burnout levels in educators. The potential benefits to teachers who pursue NBPTS certification include a sense of professional pride, new leadership roles and responsibilities for teachers, recognition of outstanding teaching practice, and higher salaries (Shapiro, 1995). Some of these potential rewards seem to address a number of the factors that are related to the onset burnout, and therefore may reduce teacher attrition. The study utilized the Maslach-Leiter conceptual framework to examine burnout, which breaks the burnout construct into three separate dimensions; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The research questions sought to determine if there was a difference between National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) and their non-certified peers in each of these dimensions of burnout. The research sample consisted of the NBCTs and a comparable random sample of their non-certified peers from a large urban school district in the Central Florida area. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey was used a basis of comparison of the burnout levels. The two groups were compared utilizing an independent samples t-test. The instrument utilized in this study also included demographic questions, as well as questions that were designed to measure the various elements of the Maslach-Leiter theoretical model of burnout. These questions and the independent variable NBPTS certification were included in a multiple regression analysis in order to determine if the differences noted between the groups using the independent samples t-tests were in fact a result of NBPTS certification, and not the theoretical model itself. The instruments were mailed in the fall of 2006, and were returned to the researcher anonymously. A total of 476 surveys were returned, for a response rate of 52%. The independent samples t-tests revealed significant differences between NBCTs and their non-certified peers on all three dimensions of burnout. An examination of the individual scores for each group revealed that in each of the dimensions showed that the NBCTs demonstrated lower levels of experienced burnout in each dimension. The multiple regression analyses that were conducted to confirm that NBPTS certification was in fact a significant factor in the development of each burnout dimension revealed mixed results. Emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment were both found to have a significant negative relationship with NBPTS certification, which indicates that the NBCTs are significantly less burned out then their non-certified peers. Despite the initial finding of significance in the independent samples t-test, NBPTS certification was not found to be a significant factor in the onset of the depersonalization dimension of burnout. This relationship needs further exploration in future studies. The significant difference between the research and control groups in this study suggests that NBPTS certification may reduce burnout levels in at least two dimensions. Legislators and policymakers at the state and federal levels have provided millions of dollars to support NBPTS certification. These findings seem to indicate that this financial support has impacted burnout levels in educators, and may therefore warrant examination as a strategy to address the issue of teacher attrition.

Introduction The report includes a study on how environmental certification tools are used to reduce the climate impact in the construction sector. In 2020, the Swedish construction sector accounted for approximately 21 percent of Sweden´s greenhouse gas emissions. Sweden´s climate goals consist of achieving net zero by the year 2045. The aim of the study was to investigate the view of environmental certification tools. Does the environmental certification motivate to build more sustainably. The study investigated what the work with environmental certifications looks like today. Investigations into environmentally certified building projects are sufficient measures for the industry to reduce emissions and whether the environmental certification process can be simplified. Method The method used was survey and the data collection technique in this study was research interviews. The respondents were people that are working within the construction sector. The interviews were semi structured with set questions and open answers. Results The result from the collected data showed a broad view of environmental certification. The major obstacles described are cost and time for an environmental certification. The use of environmental certification to achieve the climate goals can be used as a tool but is not sufficient. To reach the climate goals and build more sustainable, changes need to come in the form off laws and regulations. Analysis  The environmental certifications contribute to more sustainable construction by working with them as a tool. To be able to certify the environment, it is important that the customer wants to be certified. The environmental certifications need to develop at the same pace as the outside world to be relevant to use. The flexibility to design a building needs to be there to motivate the workers to use the environmental certifications. A motivational factor can be beneficial for workers to want to work with the environmental certifications. To build more sustainably, stricter laws and regulations are required. Discussion  Environmental certifications are used more and more, but do not motivate everyone in the construction sector to build more sustainably. There are several challenges that need to be addressed to simplify the environmental certification process and to build more sustainably and reach the climate goals. Keywords Climate agreement, Construction sector, Emissions, Environmental certification, Sustainable construction