Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-04T11:47:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Igor Lubiana Chisté.pdf: 2024072 bytes, checksum: 130f200fc250dcfd31004924851a5480 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T11:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Igor Lubiana Chisté.pdf: 2024072 bytes, checksum: 130f200fc250dcfd31004924851a5480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-19 / The purpose of this master’s thesis is to analyze the subject of “regulatory competency” when inserted in the proper field of tax law, subdue, therefore, to the limitations and inflows of the constitutional tax subsystem. It is known that, not rare, the Government conveys generic and abstract commands that resume to the terms of tax laws with the scope to enable a correctly execute and application of them. In other cases, the Executive Power itself is enabled to reduce or reestablish, through regulations, the aliquots of certain and determinate extra-fiscal and regulatory taxes. On the other hand, the constitutional system establishes material limitations that assumes their own connotations when are aimed to disciplining issues related to taxation which, essentially, involves themselves directly with individual freedom and property. In effect, this thesis will attempt to examine the regulatory activity when included in the tax context for the purpose of defining it, elucidating its species and investigating how the rules and taxation constitutional principles discipline the exercise of this administrative normative function / A proposta da presente dissertação de mestrado é analisar o tema da competência regulamentar quando inserida no campo próprio do direito tributário, sujeita, portanto, às limitações e aos influxos do subsistema constitucional tributário. Sabe-se que, não raramente, a Administração Pública veicula comandos genéricos e abstratos que se reportam aos termos de leis tributárias com o escopo de lhes viabilizar uma correta execução e aplicação. Em outros casos, o próprio Poder Executivo figura como habilitado para reduzir ou restabelecer, via regulamentos, as alíquotas de certos e determinados tributos extrafiscais e regulatórios. Em contrapartida, o sistema constitucional fixa limitações materiais que assumem conotações próprias quando voltadas a disciplinar temas afeitos à tributação que, essencialmente, se envolvem diretamente com a liberdade e com a propriedade individuais. Com efeito, este estudo intentará examinar a atividade regulamentar quando incluída no contexto tributário com a finalidade de defini-la, elucidar suas espécies e averiguar como as regras e os princípios constitucionais tributários disciplinam o exercício dessa função normativa administrativa

A presença de Ad com competência para replicar (RCA, replication-competent adenovirus) nas preparações é um dos maiores problemas para a produção de Ad em larga escala. RCAs são gerados pela recombinação entre seqüência do vetor e seqüência homóloga do gene E1 presente nas células helper. Objetivo: desenvolver uma nova linhagem auxiliar para produção de Ad livre de RCA - LEY79 - derivada da linhagem de retinoblastoma humano Y79, tratando-se da primeira linhagem empacotadora de adenovírus com inativação mutacional da proteína supressora de tumor pRb, que crescem em suspensão. Células Y79 foram infectadas com o retrovírus pCLDE1A/E1BSN, selecionadas com G418. A eficiência de produção de AdeGFP na linhagem LEY79 foi testada e comparada com a HEK293A. Células Y79 foram adaptadas em meio livre de soro. Esperamos com a linhagem LEY79SF inovar no campo de processos para a produção de Ad recombinante. / The presence of Ad with the ability to replicate (RCA, replication-competent adenovirus) in preparations is a major problem in the large-scale production of Ad. RCAs are generated by recombination between the vector sequence and sequence of the homologous gene in E1 helper cells. Objective: To develop a new helper cell line for the production of RCA-free Ad., called LEY79, derived from the Y79 of human retinoblastoma line, the first line Packer adenovirus with mutational inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein pRb, which are adapted to grow in suspension. Y79 cells were infected with the retrovirus pCLDE1A/E1BSN, selected with G418. The efficiency of production of AdeGFP in the LEY79 was tested and compared with the HEK293A. Y79 cells were adapted to grow in serum-free medium. We hope that use of the the LEY79SF cell line will promote innovation in the processing and production of recombinant Ad.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbara Cristina Kruse.pdf: 1702857 bytes, checksum: 1a665b96b4ca0f1c67ca3bcc9c19466a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Every nation has its own culture, historically and materially determined, which is expressed by different values, structures, individuals and own symbols. Given these peculiarities, blunts the need for instruments to ensure the preservation of each nation-state culture. The State has the responsibility to provide mechanisms and tools that enforce the protection of culture. In contrast, in a state that follows the liberal ideology, companies are obtainers constantly pursuing profit and therefore any investments that do not relate to the market demands are, ready, discarded. Outcrop is so, conflicts of interest between private companies and the collective interest that is to direct resources to the culture ends up being seen exclusively as an expense and not as an investment. Seeking a break from the predecessor military regime implemented in Brazil, the 1988 Federal Constitution (CF / 88) established a list of rights and guarantees to individuals and built the culture as a constitutional guarantee. In the early 90s, emerges the Rouanet Law, a cultural policy model partnership of private companies that search through tax incentives to foster investment in the cultural sector of the country. Through the Rouanet Law, companies started to act as enablers of cultural projects, along with the state. Thus arises a biased partnership of the pubic entity with the private sector, which through the normative text camouflages the existing class struggle also in culture. More than that, through powerful institutions like democracy, is part of an extremely competent speech, legitimized by occult powers that hegemonize vision of contemporary capitalist world. From these assumptions, the research has the heart reflect the effectiveness of the Rouanet Law in the country's culture as well as scoring his mishaps in the city of Ponta Grossa - PR. / Cada povo possui sua própria cultura, historicamente e materialmente determinada, que é expressa por diferentes valores, estruturas, individualidades e símbolos próprios. Diante destas peculiaridades, desponta a necessidade de instrumentos que garantam a preservação da cultura de cada povo-nação. É incumbência do Estado fornecer mecanismos e instrumentos que garantam a proteção da cultura. Entretanto, dentro da lógica e ideologia do neoliberalismo, as empresas são instadas e vivem em busca do lucro e tal forma de ser parece adequar-se como único modo de atuação possível. O Estado encontra aí dificuldades de fazer valer sua missão garantista eis que quaisquer investimentos não adequados às demandas de mercado são, de pronto, descartados. Afloram-se assim, conflitos de interesses entre as empresas privadas e o interesse coletivo, pois direcionar recursos para a cultura acaba sendo visto exclusivamente como despesa e não como investimento, conceito este entendido transcendentalmente, como não retorno lucrativo do capital investido. Buscando romper com o predecessor regime militar implantado no Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88) instituiu um rol de direitos e garantias fundamentais aos indivíduos e consolidou a cultura como uma garantia constitucional. No início dos anos 90, passou a viger a Lei Rouanet, um modelo de política cultural com parceria de empresas privadas, que busca através de incentivos fiscais fomentar o investimento no segmento cultural do país. Através da Lei Roaunet, as empresas passaram a atuar como possíveis fomentadoras de projetos culturais, atuando desta maneira, como agentes participativos da ação do Estado. Em decorrência, surge uma tendenciosa parceria do ente púbico com a iniciativa privada, a qual, por meio do texto normativo camufla a luta de classes que se faz presente na produção cultural. Mais do que isso, através de instituições derivadas do arcabouço democrático insere-se o financiamento cultural por meio do discurso competente, este legitimado por poderes subjacentes de hegemonização da ideologia do mundo capitalista contemporânea. A cultura, por tais subterfúgios, reproduz a subjugação daquela cultura popular que se pode entender como contradominante, como alternativa, como voz da cultura silenciada. A partir destes pressupostos teóricos, a pesquisa e o tabulamento dos dados, realizada com dados da cidade de Ponta Grossa – PR., tem como objetivo refletir criticamente a eficácia e os percalços da Lei Rouanet como instrumento de fomento para a produção da cultura autenticamente ligada à voz dos sem voz.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-18T12:07:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ciro José de Andrade Arapiraca.pdf: 1574219 bytes, checksum: a1ffc128d58f0f8021b519a1c9f45ca5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T12:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ciro José de Andrade Arapiraca.pdf: 1574219 bytes, checksum: a1ffc128d58f0f8021b519a1c9f45ca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-06 / This study intends to demonstrate that the Brazil’s Constitution has amid its own rules an obstacle to the achievement of the reasonable duration of trials’ principle. Although the delegation of federal jurisdiction to state courts lawsuits related to social security matters was considered relevant at a certain historical moment, the expansion of federal courts’ structure occurred, coupled with its interiorization’s process as well as other external factors, have shown that some changes must be done in such judicial proceedings to enable for timely and effective judicial provision. It will be tried to demonstrate that an important step to reach the mentioned goal will necessarily pass through the abrogation of state courts jurisdiction’s delegation. Indeed, prior to propose any change to the Brazilian legal system is a mandatory requirement to inquire on the possibility of altering or suppressing part of the Constitution’s original text, which was created at the time of the promulgation of the Brazil’s Constitution of 1988. As suggested in title of this academic work, a reliable solution to the presented issue would be the rationalization of the social security jurisdiction through the transference of all cases and the related competence solely to federal courts. Considering that there is no reason to adopt an abrupt changing process to reach the above-mentioned solution, this study will build an architected and gradual approach. Therefore, the called fundamental social rights and the principle of the reasonable duration of proceedings, the boundaries of the Federal State (Federalism), the history development of federal justice in Brazil and abroad will be analyzed. Additionally, the jurisdiction of Brazilian federal courts will be assessed to seek answers to the main question raised during the current work, regarding the existing statistical data on social security lawsuits, class’ theory and their respective logical operations / O presente estudo pretende demonstrar que há um entrave à consecução do princípio da duração razoável do processo, de matriz na própria Constituição Federal, qual seja, a delegação de competência em matéria previdenciária, regra portadora de notória relevância em um determinado momento histórico. No entanto, a ampliação da estrutura da Justiça Federal, principalmente em virtude do seu processo de interiorização, bem como outros fatores exógenos corroboram para a convicção de que algo precisa ser feito para que seja proporcionada uma prestação jurisdicional tempestiva e efetiva. Buscar-se-á demonstrar que o ideal almejado passa pelo fim da delegação de competência para a Justiça Estadual. Tal discussão não pode ser levantada sem se perquirir acerca da possibilidade de alteração ou supressão de texto constitucional originário, ou seja, editado ao tempo da promulgação da atual Lei Maior e, consoante consta do título deste trabalho acadêmico, a solução encontrada, a princípio, seria a racionalização da jurisdição previdenciária através de sua unificação em torno da Justiça Federal. Notadamente, não se pode raciocinar buscando uma mudança brusca, mas arquitetada e paulatina. Para tanto, além de atenção aos direitos fundamentais sociais e ao princípio da duração razoável do processo, enveredar-se-á, de igual forma, pelos contornos do Estado Federal, fundamento para a consolidação daquele ramo do Poder Judiciário, bem assim pela história e desenvolvimento da Justiça Federal no Brasil e no exterior, além da sua competência à luz da teoria das classes e suas operações lógicas pertinentes, sem se olvidar de dados estatísticos, a fim de se buscar respostas aos principais questionamentos formulados

The pre-school is seen by many as the place where children get equipped for the future and the challenges there of. One of the most important aims according of the curriculum for Swedish preschools is that children get the opportunity, in interaction with the pedagogues, to develop their identity and to feel secure and satisfied with themself. Although, in the curriculum of the Swedish preschool system there is a comprehensive focus on the children’s competencies and learning, the importance that the children feel secure is not that prominent. Consequently a paradox occurs between the focus on children’s competencies and their need for care. The focus of this study is to investigate how this effects the pedagogues work with the children’s self-esteem.   The study investigates the pedagogues views on self-esteem and how they work to strengthen and develop the childrens self-esteem. A qualitative method was used, based on interviews and observations, in order to get a verified picture of the pedagogues views on the above questions. The interviews took place in a pre-school in the south part of Stockholm. The study is based on the perspective sociology of childhood.  The result shows that the pedagogues child perspective is based on the ’competent child’ where the development of the children’s self-esteem developed with confirmation of the childrens competencies and performances. The childrens self-esteem is according to the pedagogues a concept they take for granted as a ’silent perspective’, instead of something outspoken and something they discuss between one another. In conclusion, to work with children's self-esteem and to make the work as meaningful as possible, it is important that the pedagogues are aware that there are several ways to it’s development both an inner subjective and outer, which they display. The result shows that much focus is placed on developing the outer performance-based self-esteem. As a consequence little focus is laid on the emotional acknowledgment necessary for the development of the subjective or the inner self-esteem.

In this Master's of Public Issues Anthropology thesis I examine the perceptions of health and healthcare services within a small rural subsistence farming community in South-Western Paraguay from a political ecology of health perspective. Qualitative research data was collected from May to September of 2010 in Lindo Manantial, a subsistence farming village, and Piribebuy, the closest town to Lindo Manantial and the location of the nearest health centre, the Piribebuy Centro de Salud. The primary goals of this research project were to gain an ethnographic understanding of current local health perspectives and concerns, as well as the local frameworks for health provision in Piribebuy. I argue that the introduction of culturally competent healthcare services could greatly improve individual and community health statuses and outcomes in Lindo Manantial and other similar rural subsistence farming communities in Paraguay. / Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)

Avec le développement exponentiel de l'Internet et son corollaire l'expansion du commerce en ligne, le sort de la protection du cyberconsommateur devient un sujet préoccupant en ce 21ième siècle. En effet, dans ce monde virtuel où l'on emploie des méthodes et technologies nouvelles et plus encore des clauses abusives dans les contrats unilatéraux, s'installe indubitablement un sentiment de méfiance entre le cyberconsommateur et le cybercommerçant. Pour rétablir cette confiance et favoriser le commerce par Internet, des lois nationales, internationales et des normes communautaires ont été adoptées aux fins de l'encadrement rigoureux du processus contractuel. Toutefois, en raison de la présence fréquente d'éléments d'extranéité dans les contrats de consommation en ligne, la question fondamentale qui vient tout naturellement à l'esprit de tous ceux qui entreprennent des études aujourd'hui, en la matière, est celle de savoir si les règles classiques de droit international privé sont dépassées par le développement trop rapide de ce type de commerce ou si au contraire elles y sont adaptées. On pourrait en outre se demander si l'encadrement juridique offert au cyberconsommateur est à même de lui procurer le même niveau de protection dont il bénéficie dans le commerce traditionnel. La présente étude tente d'apporter certains éléments de réponse en analysant dans un premier temps, le droit substantiel interne de protection du consommateur dans les systèmes juridiques européen, français, canadien et québécois en vu de scruter des zones de conflits susceptibles d'exister dans le cycle de vie de ce contrat. Dans la seconde partie, elle démontre que les méthodes classiques de résolution des conflits de juridiction et des conflits de lois en droit international privé, bien que nécessitant des adaptations, sont effectivement applicables au contexte de l'internet et ce, dans l'objectif privilégié de la protection du cyberconsommateur. Le bilan de l'analyse et de l'appréciation des critères de ces règles de conflits nous conduiront à l'examen des nouvelles mesures qui s'imposent. / With the exponential development of the Internet and the consequent expansion of online commerce, the fate of cyberconsumer protection has become a topic of increasing concern in the 21st century. In fact, in a virtual world where new methods and technologies are used-as are abusive clauses in unilaterally drafted contracts-a feeling of mistrust between cyberconsumer and cybermerchant is certainly setting in. National and international laws and community norms have been adopted in order to rigorously control the contractual process and to thereby re-establish consumer confidence and further Internet commerce. However, due to the frequent presence of foreign elements in on-line commercial contracts, the fundamental question which naturally arises for those who are studying the subject is whether the classic rules of private international law have become outdated by the incredibly rapid development of this type of commerce, or whether such laws are in fact adapted. One can also question whether the legal framework offered to the cyberconsumer is able to procure the same level of protection that a consumer would benefit from in cases of traditional commerce. This study aims to present certain elements of a response, first, by analyzing substantive internal law in the realm of consumer protection in the European, French, Canadian and Quebec legal systems, in order to examine areas of conflict that are likely to exist during the lifespan of this sort of contract. In the second part, this study demonstrates that the classic methods of resolving conflicts of jurisdiction and conflicts of law in private international law, while requiring certain adaptations, can nevertheless be effectively applied to the context of the Internet with the objective of protecting cyberconsumers. The results of this analysis and evaluation of the private international rules of conflict then lead to an assessment of the new measures that are required.

Syftet med studien har varit att ur ett militärtekniskt överlevnadsperspektiv ta fram underlag över vilken verkansförmåga helikopter 16 behöver under ett transportuppdrag, i en nationell insats där hotet utgörs av mekaniserat infanteri. Studien har genomförts som en kvalitativ studie med ett visst kvantitativt inslag och baseras på data och fakta hämtad ur öppen litteratur samt genom intervjuer av uppdragsspecialister med erfarenhet och kunskap inom dörrskytte. Till hjälp har metodverktyget A´WOT-analys använts, vilken är en hybrid till SWOT-analysen. Syftet med A´WOT-analysen är att skilja ut de faktorer som behövs för verkan från helikopter 16 mot en definierad motståndare. Det samlade resultatet och sammanfattningen av studien är att helikopter 16 verkansförmåga behöver en omfattande uppgradering, om uppdrag som egen taktisk enhet skall kunna genomföras i en hotmiljö som utgörs av en kvalificerad motståndare. / The purpose of the study has been to investigate, from a military technical survival perspective, the effectiveness of helicopter 16 during a transport mission, in a national effort where the threat consists of a qualified opponent. The study has been conducted as a qualitative study with a certain quantitative element and based on data and facts obtained from open literature as well as interviews by mission specialists with experience and knowledge from door gunnery. As a help, the method tool A'WOT analysis have been used, which is a hybrid to the SWOT analysis. The purpose of the A'WOT analysis is to distinguish important factors for the effect from helicopter 16 against a defined opponent. The overall result and summary of the study is that helicopter 16 action ability needs a proper upgrade if assignments as a tactical unit can be carried out in a hot environment dictated by a qualified opponent.

Submitted by Rômulo Aguiar (romulo.aguiar@ucsal.br) on 2018-05-09T16:27:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEMARCELLOCHAMUSCA.pdf: 17008771 bytes, checksum: fa388c7c3060041b14e2f3dbaf5e5355 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2018-05-09T19:01:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEMARCELLOCHAMUSCA.pdf: 17008771 bytes, checksum: fa388c7c3060041b14e2f3dbaf5e5355 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T19:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEMARCELLOCHAMUSCA.pdf: 17008771 bytes, checksum: fa388c7c3060041b14e2f3dbaf5e5355 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10 / Esta tese estabelece novos olhares sobre o planejamento e a gestão urbana, no contexto contemporâneo, uma vez que insere a dimensão da inteligência cibernética nesse contexto, não apenas como meio de controle dos processos administrativos, como já acontece desde os anos 1990, com o início da popularização das tecnologias digitais, mas, sobretudo, como modo de garantir maior participação popular no processo de uma gestão competente da cidade. Entende-se por gestão competente aquela que atende às demandas da população e se volta para o bem-estar das pessoas. Para tanto, propõem-se três categorias para as ações administrativas de gestão cibernética da cidade: a reativa-passiva, a reativa e a proativa, sendo a primeira aquela em que a gestão reage a uma demanda espontânea do cidadão, sem que se tenha instituído um canal digital para isso; a segunda estabelecida por meio de instrumentos institucionalizados de diálogo com a população na ambiência digital/híbrida, apropriando-se das culturas de participação, colaboração e co-criação, hoje incentivadas pelas mídias sociais digitais e que se desdobram no comportamento das pessoas em todos os ambientes de convivência social, permitindo que as pessoas se expressem e digam de forma cada vez mais contundente e sistemática o que pensam da sua cidade, do seu bairro, da sua rua, etc.; e, a terceira, por meio de monitoramento e uso de sistemas inteligentes para captação, seleção, categorização, análise e armazenamento das informações deixadas pelos cidadãos, muitas delas geolocalizadas, através dos seus dispositivos móveis digitais no espaço da cidade, que nesta tese se convencionou chamar de rastros digitais. A base teórico-metodológica utilizada para o desenvolvimento da tese foi a da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) que, ao possibilitar uma análise complexa de redes heterogêneas - que incluem, entre os agentes com influência no processo urbano, tanto os atores humanos, quanto os não-humanos - potencializa a proposta da gestão competente da cidade contemporânea, a partir das três categorias de ações de gestão cibernética, enfatizando as proativas. As principais conclusões da pesquisa apontam para a ideia de que as informações que originárias dos rastros digitais - obtidos através das ações cibernéticas proativas - podem proporcionar uma profunda reinvenção política e social da cidade, na medida em que ao coletar sentimentos e expressões de uma parte significativa dos agentes, com influência no território, em tempo real, e de modo absolutamente efetivo, pode-se formar um banco de dados que represente um legado de inteligência coletiva para o planejamento e a gestão urbana. / This thesis constitutes new perspectives on urban planning and management, in the contemporary context, since it inserts the dimension of cybernetic intelligence in this context, Not only as a means of controlling administrative processes, as it has been since the 1990s, With the beginning of the popularization of digital technologies, but, mainly, as means of ensuring greater popular participation in the process of competent management of the city. Competent management is understood to be the one that comply with the demands of population and to the well-being of people. For this, three categories are proposed for the administrative actions of cybernetic management of the city: the reactive-passive, the reactive and the proactive, the first one in which management reacts to a spontaneous demand of the citizen, without establishing a digital channel for this; the second is established through institutionalized instruments of dialogue with the population in the digital/hybrid environment, taking advantage of cultures of participation, collaboration and co-creation, which are encouraged by digital social media and they unfold in the behavior of people in all environments, allowing people to express themselves and to say in an increasingly forceful and systematic way what they think of their city, their neighborhood, their street, etc. And the third, through the monitoring and use of intelligent systems for capturing, selecting, categorizing, analyzing and storage information left by citizens, many of them geolocated, through their digital mobile devices in the space of the city, which in this thesis was conventionally called digital footprints. The theoretical-methodological basis used for the development of the thesis was of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), that, by enabling a complex analysis of heterogeneous networks - which include, among actors with influence in the urban process, both human and non-human actors - potentializes the proposal of the competent management of the contemporary city, from the three categories of actions of cybernetic management, emphasizing the proactive ones. The main conclusions of the research point to the idea that information originating from digital traces - obtained through proactive cybernetic actions - they can provide a profound political and social reinvention of the city, in that by collecting the feelings and expressions of a significant part of the agents, with influence in the territory, in real time, and in an absolutely effective way, they can form a database that represents a legacy of collective intelligence for planning and urban management.

In this study I wanted to find out what is said about the preschool in a media debate that took place on a discussion forum of a Swedish newspaper’s web site in 2016. Through critical discourse analysis I have tried to find out what is said and reflect upon what it says about the preschool. Critical discourse analysis focuses on the text, the interaction and the context to find out how different discourses are being drawn upon within the interaction to reproduce or modify the given context. My results show that the studied media debate takes place within a modernistic order of discourse where the preschool as a producer of results and as a business company is at stake. This is the preschool as an institution, where the child needs to develop certain abilities, and as a producer, offering a service to the consumer; the parent. Half of the participants of the debate are questioning the preschool and claim that the institutionalization of children has gone too far. The preschool isn’t able to deliver when it comes to care and security for the little child, according to the critics. The other half of the participants defend the preschool as an institution and see it as a necessary part of the childhood, both as a practical solution for the modern society and for what it can give the child when it comes to learning and preparing for the future. The critics and the defenders can be understood as acting within different historical discourses of the preschool. The critics use arguments from the discourse of the child-crib, a socially determined childcare from the 19th century. The defenders use arguments from the discourse of the kindergarten, a pedagogically determined nursery school with its roots at the turn of the last century. The debate takes place within a certain understanding of the preschool which therefore is being reproduced, even though there are tendencies towards a more postmodern understanding in some of the written arguments. The preschool in the debate show signs of colonization by the systems of money and power, through what Fairclough calls marketization of discourse, discourse of bureaucracy and discourse of counseling. The preschool under debate is a preschool within the global market of free trade, where changing power relations lead to feelings of insecurity and the need for control. Throughout the debate one power relation is taken for granted, that is the relation between the debater and the debated, between the adult and the child.