I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag Simon Snow från Carry On trilogin (2015–21) och Morrigan ”Mor” från A Court of Thorns and Roses serien (2015–). Huvudsyftet med studien är att undersöka hur dessa två karaktärers sexualitet och identitet fungerar i sina respektive fantasy serier, hur de gestaltas och om de får chansen att utvecklas. Med queerteoretisk utgångspunkt undersöker jag hur karaktärerna kommer ut och hur de lever sina liv efteråt, likaså hur deras sexualitet får en roll i deras respektive fantasy-värld. I min analys visar jag hur bisexualiteten ignoreras och hur båda karaktärerna har svårt att komma fram till vilken sexualitet som passar dem bäst. Mor har även en långsammare utveckling när det kommer till hennes sexualitet, och finner det svårare att våga komma ut. Simon och Mor är även olika som personer och i min analys visar jag på hur slutet av deras respektive berättelser blir annorlunda; Mor försvinner ur berättelsen nästan direkt efter att hon kommer ut, medan Simon blir mer bekväm i hans sexualitet och relation. / In this paper, I study Simon Snow from the Carry On trilogy (2015–21) and Morrigan, nicknamed Mor, from the book series A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015–). The main aim of this study is to examine how the two characters’ sexuality and identity work in their respective book series, how they are described and if they are allowed to develop. Using queer theory, I examine how the two characters come out and how they live their lives afterwards, as well as how sexuality work in a fantasy novel. As a result, I have discovered that the label of bisexuality is frowned upon, and that both characters have a hard time figuring themselves out in terms of what sexuality and identity they relate to the most. Mor also had a slower development when it comes to her sexuality and a bigger struggle with coming out to her friends in comparison to Simon. Mor and Simon have very different journeys with their sexuality and are at very different stages in their acceptance at the end of their respective stories. In Mor’s case, she left the story as soon as she came out to one person, whilst Simon became more confident in his sexuality and relationship.

Forskning har visat på samband mellan mående och anknytningsstil efter avslutade kärleksrelationer. Personer som upplevt en avslutad kärleksrelation (N= 158) besvarade Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Attachment Style Questionnaire samt bakgrundsfrågor om den avslutade relationen. Respondenterna skattade signifikant högre på Ångest än normgruppen, och samtidigt signifikant högre på Distans, Sakorientering och Relationsfixering. I jämförelse med tryggt anknutna i studien skattade respondenter med undvikande och ambivalent anknytningsstil signifikant högre på Ångest. Respondenter med ambivalent anknytningsstil skattade även högre på Depression. Distans, Tillit, Bifallsbehov, Relationsfixering, vem som valt att avsluta relationen samt hur en respondent uppfattat relationen associerade signifikant till mående efter en avslutad kärleksrelation. Att undersöka ovan nämnda faktorer samt hur normer påverkar personers livssituation, kan ge värdefull information om vilken behandling personer med relationsproblematik kan bli hjälpt av. Compassion Focused Therapy kan vara en lämplig terapimetod för att öka förståelse för förväntningar kring relationer samt för anknytningens betydelse. / Research has shown a connection between mood and attachment style after the ending of romantic relationships. People who had experienced the end of a romantic relationship (N = 158) answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Attachment Style Questionnaire and questions about the terminated relationship. Respondents rated significantly higher on Anxiety than the norm group, and simultaneously significantly higher on Discomfort with relationship, Relationship as secondary and Preoccupation with relationship. In comparison to respondents with secure style of attachment, respondents with avoidant or ambivalent style of attachment rated significantly higher on Anxiety. Respondents with ambivalent attachment simultaneously rated higher on Depression. Discomfort with relationship, Confidence in self and others, Need for approval, Preoccupation with relationship, who decided to end the relationship and how the respondent felt about the relationship turned out to be significantly related to mood, following the ending of a romantic relationship. To investigate the factors mentioned above and how values affect the client's life situation, may provide valuable information about which treatment clients with relationship problems may be helped by. Compassion Focused Therapy may be an appropriate method to increase understanding of the expectations about relationships as well as the influence of attachment.

Since its development, critics of electronic literature have touted all that is “new” about the field, commenting on how these works make revolutionary use of non-linear structure, hyperlinks, and user interaction. Scholars of digital narrative have most often focused their critiques within the paradigms of either the text-centric structuralist model of narrativity or post-structuralist models that implicate the text as fundamentally fluid and dependent upon its reader for meaning. But neither of these approaches can account completely for the unique modes in which digital narratives prompt readerly progression, yet still exist as independent creative artifacts marked by purposive design. I argue that, in both practice and theory, we must approach digital-born narratives as belonging to a third, hybrid paradigm. In contrast to standard critical approaches, I interrogate the presumed “newness” of digital narratives to reveal many aspects of these works that hearken to print predecessors and thus confirm classical narratological theories of structure and authorship. Simultaneously, though, I demonstrate that narrative theory must be revised and expanded to account for some of the innovative techniques inherent to digital-born narrative. Across media formats, theories of narrative beginnings, endings, and authorship contribute to understanding of readerly progress and comprehension. My analysis of Leishman’s electronically animated work Deviant: The Possession of Christian Shaw shows how digital narratives extend theories of narrative beginnings, confirming theoretical suitability of existing rules of notice, expectations for mouseover actions, and the role of institutional and authorial antetexts. My close study of Jackson’s hypertext my body: a Wunderkammer likewise informs scholarship on narrative endings, as my body does not provide a neatly linear plot, and thus does not cleanly correspond to theories of endings that revolve around conceptions of instabilities or tensions. Yet I argue that there is still compelling reason to read for narrative closure, and thus narrative coherence, within this and other digital works. Finally, my inquiry into Pullinger and Joseph’s collaboratively written Flight Paths: A Networked Novel firmly justifies the theory of implied authorship in both print and digital environments and confirms the suitability of this construct to a range of texts.

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-05T18:38:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCP.pdf: 1921482 bytes, checksum: 5298cc1a066e0cfe217b2b9c61076e65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T14:13:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCP.pdf: 1921482 bytes, checksum: 5298cc1a066e0cfe217b2b9c61076e65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-14T14:13:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCP.pdf: 1921482 bytes, checksum: 5298cc1a066e0cfe217b2b9c61076e65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T14:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPCP.pdf: 1921482 bytes, checksum: 5298cc1a066e0cfe217b2b9c61076e65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Não recebi financiamento / Use different words to express/convey the same message is a necessity in any natural language and, as such, should be investigated in research in Natural Language Processing (NLP). When it is just a simple word, we say that the interchangeable words are synonyms; while the term paraphrase is used to express a more general idea and that also may involve more than one word. For example, the sentences "the light is red" and "the light is closed" are examples of paraphrases as "sign" and "traffic light" represent synonymous in this context. Proper treatment of paraphrasing is important in several NLP applications, such as Machine Translation, which paraphrases can be used to increase the coverage of Statistical Machine Translation systems; on Multidocument Summarization, where paraphrases identification allows the recognition of repeated information; and Natural Language Generation, where the generation of paraphrases allows creating more varied and fluent texts. The project described in this document is intended to verify that is possible to learn, in an incremental and automatic way, paraphrases in words level from a bilingual parallel corpus, using Never-Ending Machine Learning (NEML) strategy and the Internet as a source of knowledge. The NEML is a machine learning strategy, based on how humans learn: what is learned previously can be used to learn new information and perhaps more complex in the future. Thus, the NEML has been applied together with the strategy for paraphrases extraction proposed by Bannard and Callison-Burch (2005) where, from bilingual parallel corpus, paraphrases are extracted using a pivot language. In this context, it was developed NEPaL (Never-Ending Paraphrase Learner) AMSF system responsible for: (1) extract the internet texts, (2) align the text using a pivot language, (3) rank the candidates according to a classification model and (4) use the knowledge to produce a new classifier model and therefore gain more knowledge restarting the never-ending learning cycle. / Usar palavras diferentes para expressar/transmitir a mesma mensagem é uma necessidade em qualquer língua natural e, como tal, deve ser investigada nas pesquisas em Processamento de Língua Natural (PLN). Quando se trata apenas de uma palavra simples, dizemos que as palavras intercambiáveis são sinônimos; enquanto o termo paráfrase é utilizado para expressar uma ideia mais geral e que pode envolver também mais de uma palavra. Por exemplo, as sentenças “o sinal está vermelho” e “o semáforo está fechado” são exemplo de paráfrases enquanto “sinal” e “semáforo” representam sinônimos, nesse contexto. O tratamento adequado de paráfrases é importante em diversas aplicações de PLN, como na Tradução Automática, onde paráfrases podem ser utilizadas para aumentar a cobertura de sistemas de Tradução Automática Estatística; na Sumarização Multidocumento, onde a identificação de paráfrases permite o reconhecimento de informações repetidas; e na Geração de Língua Natural, onde a geração de paráfrases permite criar textos mais variados e fluentes. O projeto descrito neste documento visa verificar se é possível aprender, de modo incremental e automático, paráfrases em nível de palavras a partir de corpus paralelo bilíngue, utilizando a estratégia de Aprendizado de Máquina Sem-fim (AMSF) e a Internet como fonte de conhecimento. O AMSF é uma estratégia de Aprendizado de Máquina, baseada na forma como os humanos aprendem: o que é aprendido previamente pode ser utilizado para aprender informações novas e talvez mais complexas, futuramente. Para tanto, o AMSF foi aplicado juntamente com a estratégia para a extração de paráfrases proposta por Bannard e Callison-Burch (2005) onde, a partir de corpus paralelo bilíngue, paráfrases são extraídas utilizando um idioma pivô. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido o NEPaL (Never-Ending Paraphrase Learner), sistema de AMSF responsável por: (1) extrair textos da internet, (2) alinhar os textos utilizando um idioma pivô, (3) classificar as candidatas de acordo com um modelo de classificação e (4) utilizar o conhecimento para produzir um novo modelo classificador e, consequentemente, adquirir mais conhecimento reiniciando o ciclo de aprendizado sem-fim.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-03T12:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCD.pdf: 1564245 bytes, checksum: fbb9eb1099a1b38351371c97e8e49bb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T16:47:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCD.pdf: 1564245 bytes, checksum: fbb9eb1099a1b38351371c97e8e49bb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T16:47:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCD.pdf: 1564245 bytes, checksum: fbb9eb1099a1b38351371c97e8e49bb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T16:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCD.pdf: 1564245 bytes, checksum: fbb9eb1099a1b38351371c97e8e49bb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-04 / Não recebi financiamento / NELL is a computer system that has the goal of learn to learn 24 hours per day, continuously and learn more an better than the last day, to perform the knowledge base (KB). NELL is running since January 12 of 2010. Furthermore, NELL goals is have hight precision to be able to continue the learning. NELL is developed in macro-reading context, because this NELL needs very much redundancy to run. The first step to run NELL is to have an big (all-pairs-data). An all-pairs-data is a preprocessed base using Natural Language Processing (NLP), that base has all sufficient statistics about a corpus of web pages. The proposal of this project was to create a instance of NELL (currently in English) in Portuguese. For this, the first goal was the developing an all-pairs-data in Portuguese. The second step was to create a new version of Portuguese NELL. And finally, the third goal was to develop a coreference resolution hybrid method focused in features semantics and morphologics. This method is not dependent of a specific language, it is can be applied for another languages with the same alphabet of Portuguese language. The NELL in Portuguese was developed, but the all-pairs-data is not big enough. Because it Portuguese NELL is not running for ever, like the English version. Even so, this project present the steps about how to develop a NELL in other language and some ideas about how to improve the all-pairs-data. By the way, this project present a coreference resolution hybrid method with good results to NELL. / A NELL é um sistema de computador que possui o objetivo de executar 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, sem parar. A versão atual da NELL foi iniciada em 12 de Janeiro de 2010 e continua ativa. Seu objetivo é aprender cada vez mais fatos da web para popular sua base de conhecimento (Knowlegde Base - KB). Além de aprender cada vez mais, a NELL também objetiva alcançar alta confiança no aprendizado para garantir a continuidade do aprendizado. A NELL foi desenvolvida e atua no contexto da macroleitura, no qual é necessária uma grande quantidade e redundância de dados. Para que o sistema possa aprender, o primeiro passo é criar uma base preprocessada (all-pairs-data) a partir do uso de técnicas linguísticas. O all-pairs-data deve possuir todas as estatísticas suficientes para a execução da NELL e também deve ser de um tamanho suficientemente grande para que o aprendizado possa ocorrer. Neste projeto, foi proposta a criação de uma nova instância da NELL em português. Inicialmente foi proposta a criação de um all-pairs-data e, em seguida, a criação de uma abordagem híbrida para a resolução de correferências independente de língua por base em características semânticas e morfológicas. A proposta híbrida objetivou aperfeiçoar o processo atual de tratamento de correferências na NELL, melhorando assim a confiabilidade no aprendizado. Todas as propostas foram desenvolvidas e a NELL em português obteve bons resultados. Tais resultados evidenciam que a leitura da web em português poderá se tornar um sistema de aprendizado sem-fim. Para que isso ocorra são também apresentadas as futuras abordagens e propostas. Além disso, este projeto apresenta a metodologia de criação da instância da NELL em português, uma proposta de resolução de correferência que explora atributos linguisticos,bem como a ontologia da NELL, além de apontar trabalhos futuros, nos quais inclui-se processos de adição de outras línguas na NELL, principalmente para aquelas que possuem poucas páginas web disponíveis para o aprendizado.

Pianists often have trouble in determining where a phrase ends, or in other words, cadence identification. This is especially true of certain cadences that can be considered either as half cadences or authentic cadences. This analytically ambiguous cadential point can result in different performance decisions, so pianists should make informed decisions about what kind of cadence it is. This study aims to investigate such cadential ambiguity shown at points of phrase boundaries by focusing on Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor, Op. 35, first movement. I offer both possibilities (a half cadence or an authentic cadence) at the phrase ending, suggesting a performance-related strategy based on each possibility. My objective is not to support only one cadential status, but to bring up the cadential problem from the analytical perspective and to demonstrate how cadence identification affects performance results. The dissertation is divided into two parts: analysis and performance, so it relies on a combined method of analytical terminologies and performance-related musical elements. In the analysis, the terminology of William Caplin is employed. The performance part refers to several method books written by prestigious piano pedagogues. After an introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 reviews some literature on cadences. Chapter 3 specifically analyzes the first movement of Chopin's second sonata by means of Caplin's terminologies. Chapter 4 provides a performance-related method and Chapter 5 deals with a practical performance strategy.

Main goals of this master thesis are following: to perform the state of the art research of overpressure constructions (especially space habitats, plane fuselages); to create an own concept of the functional inside ending (hole) in the sandwich panel for a door; to perform stress-strain analysis of this concept; to perform the design optimalization of this concept in order to minimise the weight. To solve the problems above software Ansys 17.2 is chosen, because it allows to: model the material of the honeycomb core of sandwich panel as homogenous linear orthotropic material; evaluate reserve factors of all critical limit states; perform the design optimalization; perform Monte Carlo simulation. First and second design optimalizations discover, that with defined parameters: 0,635 mm width of aluminium sandwich face sheets and inner overpressure 0,1 MPa, a creation of the model, that would be safe by changing the values of design variables is not possible. Specifically, the maximum value of shear stress on the glued areas between aluminium face sheets and honeycomb core is higher than the shear strength of the glue. Therefore, two new concepts are created. First for inner pressure 0,03 MPa and bigger width of aluminium face sheets 3,175 mm, second for inner pressure 0,02 MPa and same width of aluminium face sheets 0,635 mm. For both these concepts, an overall reserve factor is calculated. First, the value of an overall reserve factor is calculated deterministically. Secondly, the value of an overall reserve factor is calculated stochastically considering the variance of material properties of the honeycomb core ± 10 % by Monte Carlo simulation. An overall reserve factor of the concept with inner pressure 0,02 MPa is determined as 1,21. An overall reserve factor of the concept with inner pressure 0,03 MPa is determined as 1,20. The weight of the concept for inner pressure 0,03 MPa is though 4 times bigger than the weight of the concept for inner pressure 0,02 MPa. In the concept for inner pressure 0,02 MPa the maximum value of HMH stress in aluminium components is critical, stochastically considered material properties of the honeycomb core don’t have a significant influence on this value. In the concept for inner pressure 0,03 MPa the value of maximum shear stress on the glued areas between aluminium face sheets and the honeycomb core is critical, stochastically considered material properties of the honeycomb core have a significant influence on this value. In the concept for inner pressure 0,03 MPa an absolute error of overall reserve factor is 8 % (overall reserve factor calculated deterministically was 1,28) which is significant. Monte Carlo simulation is also used to find that the value of Poisson ratio XY of the honeycomb core doesn’t have statistically significant influence on all limit states. Value of the reserve factor of the honeycomb core is higher than 2 in both concepts. Monte Carlo simulation discovers that this value can be significantly lower. Using Tsai-Wu failure criteria the reserve factor in the concept for inner pressure 0,02 MPa is determined as 2,72 deterministically x 2,41 stochastically (absolute error 31 %), in the concept for inner pressure 0,03 MPa the reserve factor is determined as 6,85 deterministically x 6,17 stochastically (absolute error 68 %).

No description available.

Cette thèse propose d’expliquer le faible taux d’emploi enregistré en France après 55 ans par les risques de fragilité économique, professionnelle, sociale et familiale que révèle le passage à la retraite. Elle repose sur le postulat de la liberté de choix dans la décision de retraite.En 2005, une étude quantitative sur les intentions de départ à la retraite a été menée auprès de 1004 individus en emploi, âgés de 54 à 59 ans. Les trajectoires personnelles comportant leur part d’incertitude et de changements, 31 entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de membres de l’échantillon initial, cinq ans plus tard, afin de permettre un suivi longitudinal. L’articulation des représentations de la retraite, du parcours professionnel et de la trajectoire familiale vise à cerner les écarts entre les projets et les choix adoptés et à déterminer les facteurs-clés impliqués dans la décision.Cette thèse souligne tout d’abord que la majorité des projets initiaux ne sont pas concrétisés. Le déterminisme du contexte professionnel sur la décision de retraite explique en partie ces réajustements : dégradation des conditions de travail, déclassement en fin de carrière, stigmatisation sont autant d’arguments susceptibles d’inciter les individus à partir à la retraite plus tôt que prévu. Mais les itinéraires familiaux pèsent également sur ces choix : « pivots générationnels » entre des parents âgés et des descendants à soutenir, les jeunes retraités doivent faire face à des charges familiales qui influent sur leur décision. Enfin, cette recherche met en évidence la manière dont les jeunes retraités issus du baby-boom, très attachés à leur liberté individuelle tout au long de leur parcours, défendent la préservation d’espaces personnels (individualisation des pratiques), adoptant ainsi des modèles familiaux et une manière de vivre la retraite inédits. / This thesis seeks to explain the low employment rate in France for people aged 55 years and above in terms of the increasing risk of economic, professional, social and family fragility observed in the transition to retirement. The research is based on the postulate of “free choice” in retirement decisions.In 2005, a quantitative study on the intentions of retirement was conducted among 1,004 employed individuals aged 54-59 years. As personal life courses are marked by change and uncertainties, a longitudinal analysis comprising 31 semi-structured interviews was conducted five years later with participants of the initial sample. The combined study of representations of retirement, end of career and family context allows differences to be identified between plans and the final adopted choices, and the key factors involved in the final decision to be determined.First of all, this thesis demonstrates that most of the initial plans are not realised. The determinism of the professional context on the retirement decision partly explains the observed adjustments: a degradation of working conditions, the assignation of under-qualified tasks at the end of a career, and stigmatisation are all factors that encourage people to retire earlier than expected. But the family environment also influences choices: as "generational pivots" between elderly parents and children to support, young retired people have to face family responsibilities that affect their decisions. Finally, this research highlights how young retirees from the baby boom, for whom individual freedom played a central role in their past life course, adopt new family models and a new way of living (the preservation of “individual spaces” and individualised behaviours) during retirement.

Background: Career ending injuries are known to cause negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in retired athletes. However, there has been a limited amount of quantitative studies to complement mostly qualitative research. Furthermore, qualitative studies have typically assessed the effects of athletic identity, mental health/mood disturbances, loss, coping mechanisms and social support with minimal research regarding physical body transitions and body-esteem throughout the retirement process. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between affective, behavioural, and cognitive outcomes and athletic retirement (voluntary, involuntary) among elite and competitive athletes. Method: A retrospective mixed method (questionnaire and interview) study was utilized to examine how participants interpreted their experience during the transitional process into retirement. Inclusion criteria consisted of male and female, elite and competitive athletes who have voluntarily or involuntarily (career ending injury) retired, ages 18 and above. Exclusion criteria included non-athletes/recreational athletes, athletes who were able to return to play or retired due to illness, health problems or deselection as well as who were less than 18 years of age. Posters were advertised in sports clubs, fitness centers, sports centers, physiotherapy offices and universities as well as on social media (Facebook and Instagram). The main outcome measures are as follows:1) Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS); 2) Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), 3) Mental Health and 4) COPE Inventory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from both retirement (voluntary and involuntary) groups. All interviews (telephone, zoom) were recorded, transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was implemented to further determine the various themes and subthemes. An independent t-test explored the impacts of body dimensions and coping mechanisms on retirement type. Then a factorial ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of the dependent variables (mental health, mood disturbances and coping mechanisms) on the main analysis (retirement) and the exploratory (strength of athletic identity) analysis. Results: 50 (26 involuntary and 24 voluntary) questionnaires and eight (four voluntary and four involuntary) interviews were completed by the participants. Results from the quantitative data revealed a borderline main effect of retirement type on both mental health and mood disturbances. An exploratory analysis found retirees who weakly identified with the athletic role were less likely to experience severe mood disturbances and demonstrated higher levels of mental health than retirees who strongly identified with the athletic role. Information from qualitative data suggested participants who involuntarily retired and possessed a strong athletic identity experienced higher levels of mood disturbances (depression, frustrations, loss etc.), lower levels of mental health, identity loss, physical discomfort, negative effects of mind and body dualism as well as utilized maladaptive coping techniques than their counterpart who voluntarily retired or weakly identified with the athletic role. Conclusion: Both retirement types are subjected to various athletic and non-athletic demands and psychosocial effects of athletic retirement however, what sets them apart from experiencing a successful or unsuccessful transition into retirement is the intensity and severity of their emotional reaction to their retirement. Limitations of said study included a decrease in sample size, memory recall bias, the participant’s own bias, limited diversity of the sample population as well as the inability to verify the findings from the interviews. The following study can be implemented to aid researchers, retired or soon to be retired athletes, coaches and athletic personnel to comprehend the diverse areas of athletic retirement. Future research should aim to investigate the impacts of mood disorders, the utilization of psychologist or mental performance consultant during the retirement process as well as the effects of body dimensions in retired athletes. Lastly, a longitudinal study should be employed to examine the athlete’s emotional response and reaction throughout retirement (time of injury, during physiotherapy, post- surgery and recovery). / Graduate