Background: Mental illness among the current refugees is a global problem. With more than 34 million refugee children or adolescents leaving everything behind to survive or find a better life. Several of these young refugees are forced to endure traumatic experiences of the war, the loss of loved ones, from escaping and the uncertainty of the asylum process. To increase the understanding of nursing needs for these young people, it is important that health care professionals can be aware and provided help with better cultural awareness.  Purpose: To describe the mental illness and nursing needs of refugee children and adolescents.Method: A literature overview with descriptive design has been conducted, 10 articles based on qualitative analysis were included. The articles were reviewed and analyzed with keywords that are presented into themes. Result: Findings show that these young refugees are suffering from different forms of mental illness. The result has been gathered into 6 categories: “stigmatization”, “fear, worrying and uncertainty”, “positive factors on mental health”, “emotional factors and trauma” and “psychosomatic symptoms”. Conclusion: Mental illness is common among refugee children and make them vulnerable in society. Various mental disorders such as PTSD, depression and anxiety is frequently described by refugee children and adolescents. Negative views and perception on mental illness from society and themselves forces these young refugees to be in denial about their mental health and not accept the help they need. If the health professionals had better transcultural awareness and a broader understanding of the unmet needs of these young refugees, a greater probability of being able to give the right help follows.  Keywords: refugee children and adolescents, mental illness, nursing needs.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka ensamkommande barns upplevelser och erfarenheterav integrationsprocessen bland ensamkommande som har erfarenhet av att bo på ett HVB-hem.Semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes med fem unga vuxna män som kommit till Sverige somensamkommande barn från Afghanistan. Materialet utmynnade i sju teman: boende ochutslussverksamhet, relation, språk och utbildning, integration, känslan av ensamhet ochutanförskap, psykisk ohälsa under asylprocessen samt i väntan på uppehållstillstånd.Resultaten visar att respondenterna upplevde att språket var viktigt för att komma in i detsvenska samhället och att det blev lättare att få ett arbete. Andra faktorer som de upplevdeviktiga för en lyckad integration är bland annat att skaffa svenska vänner, lära sig regler, densvenska kulturen och ett bra mottagande. Resultatet visar även det att respondenterna uppleveratt det har varit svårt att få svenska vänner både i skolan och i samhället, vilket bidrar tillutanförskap och ensamhet. Vidare visar studien att respondenterna tycker att socialarbetarebehöver mer utbildning i arbetet med ensamkommande barn för att få en bättre förståelse förderas kultur och vad barnen bär med sig. Intervjupersonernas upplevelser ger en beskrivning avhur de har haft det som ensamkommande barn, men det går inte att dra generella slutsatser tillen större population av ensamkommande. Sammanfattningsvis kan denna studieförhoppningsvis bidra till att förbättra förståelsen för ensamkommande barns behov undervistelsen vid HVB-hem.

AbstractProblem The recent large influx of refugees to Sweden has contributed to major societal challenges. One of these challenges is a refugee child's multicultural background and lack of Swedish language skills. Preschools in Sweden have during a short period of time received a large number of children coming to take part in the activities with an absence of the Swedish language. Whether there are preparations for this and if adequate methods are implemented will be the central focus of this study, based on nine preschool teacher’s perceptions of their knowledge of handling the challenges faced, when dealing with the language development of refugee children. TheoryMy hypothesis is that the preschool teacher’s perceives it difficult to create sufficient conditions for refugee children to acquire the Swedish language. These difficulties may involve lack of both teacher’s experience and knowledge of difficulties and obstacles during the refugee child’s initial period in a new country, as well as resources. In order to examine the relevance of this hypothesis, theories of language development and learning are used, along with previous research studies related to the area. As a theoretical base, Vygotskij’s theory of language, culture and learning is chosen.Method To acquire answers to my questions, I chose to distribute a questionnaire with eleven questions to ten preschool teachers in four kindergartens in southern Sweden, which was combined with a brief dialogue with each respondent answering the questionnaire.

AbstraktBarn är en sårbar grupp i samhället, inte minst sagt ensamkommande flyktingbarn som har andra behov än svenskfödda barn. Enligt Barnkonventionen ska ensamkommande flyktingbarn ha samma rättigheter som andra barn. Det är bland annat socialtjänsten och andra relevanta aktörer skyldighet att se till att varje barn får det stöd som de behöver (Rädda barnen, 2010). Enligt Rädda barnen (2010) har staten det övergripande ansvaret om de lagar och riktlinjer som tillförs i samhället. Kommunen som barnet blir placerad på har en skyldighet att ge ett så gott mottagande som möjligt samt ge barnet hjälp och stöd efter dess individuella behov. Med denna studie ville vi undersöka hur ensamkommande flyktingbarn och yrkesverksamma personer kan uppleva integrationsprocessen samt hur den psykiska hälsan kan förändras i en sådan process. Studien har genomförts genom en kvalitativ metod, med hjälp av tematisk analys där vi har intervjuat fyra tidigare ensamkommande flyktingbarn och två yrkesverksamma med erfarenhet av arbete med ensamkommande flyktingbarn.  Slutligen visade samtliga informanter att det som är avgörande i en integrationsprocess är det samhälleliga stödet och delaktigheten de tidigare ensamkommande flyktingbarn har fått ta del av. Genom deras utsagor och upplevelser har vi funnit likheter i de yrkesverksammas erfarenheter. Den gemensamma slutsatsen visade att det krävs ett samhälleligt engagemang för att lyckas med ett positivt mottagande för att ensamkommande barn ska kunna få samma förutsättningar som andra barn. Det som var framstående i studiens resultat är att samtliga delar synen om att det som har varit grundläggande i deras integrationsprocess har präglats av trygghet och gemenskap som de tidigare ensamkommande flyktingbarnen kunde finna hos familjehem, föreningar och aktiviteter samt skolan.

Wars, conflicts, natural disasters, and poverty are several reasons why millions of children worldwide are fleeing their homes and seeking refuge in other countries. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) emphasizes the obligation of the recipient countries to promote the physical and mental recovery and integration of refugee children into society. Refugee children can in turn be perceived by the host country as long-term investments or financial burdens. The objectification of perceiving human beings as assets or burdens, rather than human, is an indication of dehumanization. Dehumanizing perceptions and views are formed by people or societies and can be spread with the help of various media platforms. This study examines 24 Swedish newspaper articles, published between the years 2015-2022, with the aim to analyze whether and how the articles use dehumanizing words, expressions, and assumptions in their representation of refugee children. To identify dehumanizing words, expressions and assumptions from the selected newspaper articles, Nick Haslam's theory of dehumanization is applied. This is a qualitative content analysis, with quantitative elements. Carol Lee Bacchi’s qualitative analysis tool, what's the problem represented to be? (WPR), is used to analyze how refugee children are represented and perceived in the newspaper articles. Upon reviewing the newspaper articles, the results were decided into four overall dehumanizing categories: 1) asset, 2) burden, 3) criminality and 4) grouping. Furthermore, the results show that the dehumanizing representations of refugee children within the newspaper articles indicates mechanistic dehumanization as well as animalistic dehumanization.

No description available.

Flyktingpolitiken har varit ett debatterat ämne i Sverige efter den stora flyktingvåg som kom år 2015. Många av de flyktingarna var ensamkommande barn från b.la. Afghanistan, Irak och Syrien. De ensamkommande flyktingbarnen fick stöd i form av placeringar på familje- och HVB-hem där dagliga omsorgen gavs. Handledarna på HVB-hemmen har varit de ensamkommande flyktingbarnens vägledande skyddsfaktorer för integration. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på handledarnas uppfattning kring motivationen hos ensamkommande flyktingbarn gällande att integrera sig i det svenska samhället, samt till vilken utsträckning de är motiverade. Studien grundar sig på en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer som utformning. Ett målinriktat urval har tillämpats vid ett HVB-hem i Västerås, med totalt fem respondenter som deltagande i undersökningen. Data analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar på att ensamkommande flyktingbarnens motivation till integration framförallt påverkas av asylprocessen. De har förutsättningar för att kunna motiveras till en integration men då asylprocessen tar tid för att fatta beslut uppstår stress och oro hos de ensamkommande flyktingbarnen, vilket påverkar motivationen för integration i det svenska samhället. / The refugee policy has been a debated topic in Sweden since the large refugee wave in 2015. Many of the refugees were unaccompanied children from Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria among other countries. The unaccompanied refugee children received accommodation support such as placements in family homes and home-care, where daily care was provided. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the supervisors in home for cares perception regarding motivation of unaccompanied refugee children to integrate into the Swedish society, and to what extent they are motivated. The study was based on a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews as a design. A targeted-oriented approach has been applied to a home for care in Vasteras, with a total of five respondents who participated in the survey. Data was analyzed through a manifest content analysis. The result shows that the unaccompanied refugee children’s motivation for integration is mainly affected by the asylum process. They have the ability to be motivated to integrate into the Swedish society, however, due to long process of an asylum decision, stress and anxiety increases among the unaccompanied refugee children, which influences the motivation to integrate into the Swedish Society.

No description available.

This study regards the Swedish documentation system, BBiC, which is translated from the English version LACS. BBiC is created to make sure that the children’s needs are put in centre of attention in child protection investigations. The BBiC-system becomes problematic regarding unaccompanied refugee children because of the parent-perspective which is a keystone in the system. Therefor BBiC creates discretion for the social worker which is not BBiC: s original intension. The study’s aim was to understand how BBiC: s creates discretion for the social worker that works with unaccompanied refugee children. In the results of the study we show that the social workers discretion expands when using BBiC in the work with unaccompanied refugee children. Because of the lack of guidelines from Socialstyrelsen, BBiC is used differently in different municipalities. The social workers sees BBiC in different ways, some see BBiC as a complete system and has adapted BBiC well to the work with unaccompanied refugee children and therefore the discretion increases. Some has only adapted BBiC as a way of thinking and still has a large discretion. We use Lipskys theory about street-level bureaucracy and discretion. We selected the theory and its concept because it is relevant to analyze how BBiC has created discretion for the social workers that work with unaccompanied refugee children. With a large discretion there is also a risk of injustice safety for the unaccompanied refugee child. Therefor the legitimacy of municipality can be questioned. We preformed semi-structured interviews in eight municipalities in southern Sweden and had twelve interviewees. We have also done literary studies regarding Socialstyrelsens reports about BBiC and the research that concerning the implementation of BBiC.

The focus of this study has been to plumb social workers experiences regarding their work methods in two institutions regarding unaccompanied children through a perspective of gender. In this study, four semi-structured qualitative interviews has been contrived in purpose to gather in material which has been presented in five themes to ease an analyse focusing of gender. In all the interviews both authors participated with one in charge and one taking notes. One of the main focuses has been the relations between both social workers and their clients and between colleges in the institutions. The other main focus has been the activities, both planed and spontaneous, which the clients been offered, for example football, bowling and boxing. The idea of analyse this main focuses is based in our knowledge through recent science studies that shows that gender is created both in relations, language and everyday actions.