The situation in Sweden in regards to school libraries has been extensively discussed under quite some time. The discussion intensified when the school library got mentioned in the Swedish education act in 2011 stating that all pupils in Swedish schools should have access to a school library. However, it is far from the case in Sweden today. The aim of this study is to create and contribute knowledge about school district managers perception of the Swedish education act regarding the school library and how they work to implement this in the schools in their district. In order to do this, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with five school district managers in five Swedish municipalities. The transcript from these interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis structured by concept from implementation theory. These concepts focus on the design of the intervention (the education act), the executor (the school district managers) and the context. These concepts is further analyzed with aspect of the school districts managers will, understanding and ability to implement the educational act. The result shows that the school district managers find the educational act indistinct regarding what is meant with” access to” and” school library”. It also shows that this indistinctness allows the school district managers to form their own picture of what is meant with these words and that these pictures form how they work to implement the educational act and what their role is in the implementation.

The aim of this study was to describe and analyse implementation of Beskæftigelses Indikator Projektet (BIP) in project Sammansatt problematik i Kronobergs län (SPiK). The questions this study aimed to answer are: What motivated implementation of BIP in the project SPiK and what factors promoted and inhibited implementation of BIP in the project? Qualitative method was used to answer the research questions, eight interviews with individuals involved in the project were conducted as well as an observation of a conference. The perspective used in the study consists of a critical realist viewpoint. The data gathered in this study was analysed through content analysis and coded through deductive coding. The results of the study showcased that implementation of BIP was inhibited by many aspects. The key aspects which inhibited implementation were the late course about use of BIP as well as the many parallel interventions being implemented in the project at the same time as BIP. What promoted implementation of this work tool was the staffs previous experience of work with the target group for the project as well as their previous experiences of work in projects.

I september 2015 slöt världens ledare upp bakom ett ramverk och 17 globala mål för hållbar utveckling – FNs Agenda 2030 (A/RES/70/1, 2015) – med tillhörande finans- och klimatagenda.  Detta examensarbete undersöker hur Regeringskansliet arbetar för att implementera de nya globala målen för hållbarhet. Syftet med studien är i förlängningen att vara en hjälp i det fortsatta arbetet inom Regeringskansliet då potentiella barriärer i implementeringsmodellen identifieras och alternativa arbetssätt kan föreslås. Studien kan bidra till forskningen kring hållbarhetspolicys då den kombinerar implementeringsteori och ecological governance på ett sätt som efterfrågas i ecological governanceforskningen. Genom en kvalitativ studie undersöktes Regeringskansliets processer för implementering av Agenda 2030. Det framkom att Regeringskansliet till viss del har ändrat det traditionella sättet att genomföra implementering genom att låta finansdepartementet ha ett ansvar. Dock finns fortfarande en rad barriärer som, om de åtgärdades, skulle kunna förbättra implementering av Agenda 2030 och således vara fördelaktigt för att uppnå de globala målen och minska samhällets negativa miljöpåverkan. / In September 2015 world leaders agreed upon a framework and 17 global sustainable development goals – the UN’s 2030 Agenda  (A / RES / 70/1, 2015) – with its associated financial- and climate agenda. This thesis examines how the Government Offices of Sweden implements the new global goals for sustainability. The purpose of the study is ultimately to be a help in future implementation as potential barriers are identified and alternative approaches can be suggested. The study may contribute to the research on sustainability policies, as it combines theories of implementation and ecological governance in a way that is suggested in ecological governance. Through this qualitative study the Government Office’s process for the implementation of Agenda 2030 was examined. It emerges that the Government Offices, to some extent, has changed the traditional way of implementation by assigning the Treasury Department responsibility. However, there are still a number of barriers that, if they were addressed, could improve the implementation of Agenda 2030 and thus be beneficial for achieving the global targets and reducing society's negative environmental impact.

Denna uppsats behandlar hur artificiell intelligens kan användas som ett effektiviseringsredskap inom offentlig förvaltning samt hur man går tillväga att implementera ny teknik i organisationen, vilka hinder man kan stöta på och hur man arbetar med implementeringsprocessen. För att kunna hänga med i resultatet av forskningen börjar vi därför med att förklara hur AI fick sin början, vad den var menad för och hur den har utvecklats. Att sedan implementera denna teknik i olika förvaltningar som i sig kontinuerligt utvecklas organisatorisk hela tiden för att återspegla samhället är det intressanta att undersöka, för nu handlar det inte bara om ny teknologi längre utan man måste anpassa sig till organisations- och implementeringsteori. Så vi fortsätter med att förklara vad en offentlig sektor är med huvudfokuset på; offentlig förvaltning, policy, projekt, implementeringsteori och lagarbete. Tanken med dessa olika kapitel är att de skall ge en förståelse som skall leda till syftet som var att undersöka hur Försäkringskassan, en statlig svensk myndighet har jobbat med att implementera AI i sin organisation och hur den nya tekniken nu kan användas som ett effektiviseringsredskap. / This paper addresses how artificial intelligence can be used as an efficiency tool in the public administrations and how to implement new technology in the organization, which obstacles can be encountered and how to work with the implementation process. In order to be able to understand the results of our research we begin by explaining how AI got its beginning, what it was meant for and how it has evolved. To then implement this technology in various public administrations that continuously develop organizationally all the time to reflect society is interesting to examine, because now it is not just about new technology anymore but one has to adapt to organizational and implementation theory. So we continue to explain what a public sector is and how it works with the main focus on; Public administration, policy, projects, implementation theory and teamwork. The purpose of these various chapters is to give an understanding that will lead to the purpose of our research on how the Swedish Insurance Agency Försäkringskassan, a governmental Swedish authority has worked to implement AI in its organization and how the new technology can now be used as an efficiency tool.

One such change in the area of digitalisation is what is known as Vision e-health 2025, which is a vision that the Swedish government, municipalities and counties founded with the goal of being the best in the world in terms of e-health by 2025, thus keeping up with the continuous development and expectations of the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate how three different professions at health centres in Region Jonkoping work with the implementation of Vision e-health 2025 in terms of the implementation-theory defined understand, want and how -steps. The study is a comparative study with three in-depth interviews consisting of an operations manager, a development manager and a doctor. The overall conclusion of the study indicates that even if the various professions have some knowledge of Vision e-health 2025, and they in their daily work have the resources to be able to work with the vision and digitalisation, they lack deeper knowledge of Vision e-health 2025. As such, in order to fulfil the vision’s goals, they need more information and education on how they, in their professions, should work with Vision e-health 2025. One reasonable starting point could be to deepen their knowledge of the vision itself, as having a strong willingness and incentive to work with digitisation at their health centres is an inadequate foundation to actually implement the said vision and goals therein.

This study aims to investigate teacher-students within social studies interpretation and understanding of the policy assignment regarding sustainable development and their attitudes towards the same assignment. Based on their reasoning about the assignment the aim is to identify how this can affect the future implementation of the policy assignment. This is done with implementation theory, text analysis of the curriculum and semi-structured interviews with students at Umeå University.This thesis established that Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) must be implemented in some way in the social sciences subject. The short formulations and partly implicit content in the curriculum and syllabus prove to be difficult to understand for the interviewees. The fact that teacher students do not understand the policy has proved to be an important explanation of the shortcomings that emerge in their reasoning about the assignment. Informants in this study interpret that the assignment is only to talk about and not for sustainable development. Partly, they also lack certain abilities both in form of knowledge and methods to be able to meet the complexity regarding sustainable development and ESD. The teacher students do not consider themselves to have addressed these issues in their University education, which both can be seen as an explanation for the identified shortcomings and the individual differences between the studentsThe results can be interpreted as that the problems concerning ESD, as research identified among active teachers, are to some extent reproduced in teacher education, which means that this study should encourage further studies based on the results of the thesis.

Sweden and Finland are two neighboring nations of Northern Europe that while arguably are similar had vastly differing aftermath of Covid-19. Sweden had wholly fifteen times the death toll and ten times confirmed cases of Covid-19 compared to Finland. For sure, Sweden have approximately twice the population of Finland, but the difference remains even with population differences accounted for. To investigate this abnormality the strategies for managing the spread of Covid-19 and implementation of said strategies for Sweden and Finland respectively were compared. The goal of this comparison was not however to discover which strategies lead to lowest death toll, because such conclusions would be difficult to establish and especially so within the confines of this work. Instead, the factual difference in aftermath was merely a reason to research and summarize the actions taken. The theoretical framework for this study constitutes a model of implementation research revolving policy ambiguity and conflict. The conclusion is that Sweden’s strategy has been significantly laxer and occurred later than Finland’s strategy in multiple departments. Most notably were the differences in (or lack of) health control for people entering the countries, the lockdown of schools and limits on public gatherings. Finland had compulsory Covid-testing for anyone entering the country while Sweden only had compulsory Covid-testing for non-citizens entering the country. Sweden kept elementary schools open while Finland forcibly put most schools on lockdown with very few exceptions. Regarding restrictions for gatherings, Sweden initially had a limit of 500 participants during early March 2020 that then went to 50 participants in late March 2020 and ultimately 8 participants in late November 2020. Finland on the other hand had a limit of 10 participants in public gatherings right from March 2020. Regarding implementation of these policies, their levels of ambiguity and conflict weren’t notably different between the countries. To conclude the matter, whether or not these differences in strategies ultimately matter for Covid-19 outcome, the strategies are undoubtedly significantly different.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze which factors that enables the implementation of UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child to differ in different places in Sweden. The aim of this study is achieved by analyzing two study objects that both have been implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child with the help of the implementation theory. The study objects that are analyzed in this case are the municipality of Kalmar and municipality of Örebro. This study uses a deductive- and to some extent also an abductive research method and analyzes the results of the study with the help of implementation analysis. Using the theory of implementation, the author makes assumptions related to the study's empirical study. In order to later serve as explanations for why the implementation has differences in different municipalities around Sweden. The result of this study is based on the municipalities own strategy plans for implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child, together with the Swedish law about UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. The result of this thesis shows that the new legislation requires a joint power collection among all decision-makers. This means that municipalities must actively work to implement the legislation in their operations. The result of this study also shows that there are differences between how the investigated municipalities implemented law about UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child in their operations. This thesis shows that what separates the study objects in this case it is whether or not there is a political council decision, to which the knowledge-enhancing efforts are directed, number of employees who will work with the Convention on Rights of the child and the intensity of the work with follow-up and evaluation work. In this case, the differences in the implementation can be explained by, among other things, unclear and difficult legislation, a lack of state financial and material instruments, that the implementation has taken place in several stages and a lack of understanding of the policy to implemented. The study highlights that the deciding factor for differences in the implementation of UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child has to do with the unclear and incomprehensible legislation.

Sjukskrivningar till följd av stress och utbrändhet ökar bland arbetstagare. Ökningen är störst bland lärare. För att tydliggöra arbetsgivares ansvar gällande psykosocial arbetsmiljö trädde den 31/3 2016 en ny arbetsmiljöföreskrift, AFS 2015:4 i kraft. Trots detta fortsätter sjukskrivningar till följd av stress och utbrändhet bland lärare öka. Givet ovanstående är studiens syfte att undersöka vilka förutsättningar skolledare som arbetar i svenska grund- och gymnasieskolor upplever att de har för att arbeta förebyggande mot stress och utbrändhet. Vidare är syftet att undersöka huruvida skolledarna upplever att det föreligger någon skillnad i hur de arbetar förebyggande nu jämfört med hur de arbetade innan AFS 2015:4 trädde i kraft. Ovanstående analyseras för att, om möjligt hitta en förklaring till varför sjukskrivningar bland lärare fortsätter öka trots att AFS 2015:4 trätt i kraft och varit gällande i fyra år.Syftet uppfylls genom en intervjustudie där skolledare i grund- och gymnasieskolor intervjuas om vilka förutsättningar de upplever att de har för att bedriva förebyggande arbete, samt huruvida de upplever att skillnader i arbetssätt mellan ”nu och då” föreligger. En innehållsanalys görs av intervjuerna utifrån ett analysverktyg bestående av implementeringsteori i form av Lundquists (2001) förstå, kunna, vilja samt Job Demand-resourses-theory (Bakker & Demerouti 2017).Studiens slutsats är att skolledare visar god förståelse kring hur förebyggande arbete ska bedrivas, samt vilja att utföra det samma. Dock upplever skolledarna att de saknar tillräckliga ekonomiska resurser för att kunna bedriva ett fullgott förebyggande arbete mot stress och utbrändhet. Vidare framgår att skolledarna upplever att inga större skillnader föreligger i hur de arbetar nu kontra innan AFS 2015:4 trädde i kraft. En möjlig förklaring till att sjukskrivningar bland lärare ökar är att skolledarna saknar vissa ekonomiska resurser för att kunna arbeta förebyggande. Ytterligare en möjlig förklaring är att AFS 2015:4 inte är tillräcklig för att skapa förutsättningar för att ett fullgott förebyggande arbete ska kunna bedrivas. / Sick leave due to stress and burnout is increasing among workers. The increase is greatest among teachers. To clarify employers' responsibilities regarding the psychosocial work environment, on 31 March 2016, a new work environment regulation, AFS 2015: 4, came into force. Despite this, sick leave due to stress and burnout among teachers continues to increase. Given the above, the purpose of this study is to investigate how school leaders who work in Swedish primary and secondary schools describes the conditions to work preventively against stress and burnout. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate if the school leaders interviewed feel that there is any difference in how they work preventively now compared to how they worked before AFS 2015: 4 came into force. The above is analyzed to, if possible, find an explanation for why sick leave among teachers continues to increase even though AFS 2015: 4 came into force and has been valid for four years.The purpose is fulfilled through an interview study where school leaders in primary and secondary schools are interviewed about what conditions they feel they have to conduct preventive work, and whether they feel that there are differences in working methods between "now and then". The interviews are analyzed based on an analysis tool consisting of implementation theory in the form of Lundquist's (2001) förstå, kunna, vilja (understanding, ability, will) and Job Demand resources theory (Bakker & Demerouti 2017) which are combined.The study concludes that school leaders show a good understanding of how preventive work should be conducted, as well as a willingness to perform the same. However, school leaders feel that they lack sufficient financial resources to be able to conduct adequate prevention work against stress and burnout. Furthermore, it appears that school leaders feel that there are no major differences in how they work now versus before AFS 2015: 4 came into force. One possible explanation for the increase in sick leave among teachers is that school leaders lack certain financial resources to be able to work preventively. Another possible explanation is that AFS 2015: 4 is not sufficient to create the conditions for full preventive work to be carried out.

Föreliggande studie har granskat det brottsförebyggande projektet ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’, vilket implementerades i Tomelilla kommun som ett pilotprojekt mellan maj 2015 och juni 2016. De brottspreventiva insatserna infördes bland annat till följd av en ökad kriminalitet hos dem unga i Tomelilla kommun och var således ett samarbete mellan polis, socialtjänst, skola, arbetsförmedling samt fritidsverksamhet. Rådande undersökning är uppdelad i två delstudier, där delstudie 1 baseras på intervjuer medan delstudie 2 analyserar officiell brottsstatistik. I delstudie 1 utröntes de deltagande aktörerna i ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ upplevelser av arbetet samt vilka förutsättningar som fordras för liknande samverkansprojekt. Delstudie 2 undersökte huruvida projektet verkade förebyggande gentemot ungdomarnas utförda skadegörelse, olaga hot samt bruk av narkotika. Resultatet i delstudie 1 påvisade en hos aktörerna övergripande positiv uppfattning av projektet men att det existerade förbättringsområden. Resurser, engagemang och god samverkan betraktades huvudsakligen vara grundläggande för att bedriva liknande projekt. Delstudie 2 konstaterade att projektet inte genererat någon påtaglig brottsförebyggande effekt. Avslutningsvis diskuteras bland annat resultatet kopplat till teori samt hur tolkning av statistik kan ha kommit att påverka studiens utfall. / The present study has examined the crime prevention project 'Polisprojekt Tomelilla', which was implemented in Tomelilla municipality as a pilot project between May 2015 and June 2016. The crime preventing actions were principally introduced as a result of the increased crime rates among young individual’s in Tomelilla municipality, and was thus a collaboration between police, social services, school, employment services and the community youth center. The paper is divided into two sub-studies, where sub-study 1 is based on interviews while sub-study 2 analyzes official crime statistics. In sub-study 1, the participating actors experiences of the work with ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ and conditions required for similar collaboration projects was examined. Sub-study 2 investigated whether the project appeared to prevent adolescents perpetrated criminal damage, unlawful threats and use of drugs. The result in sub-study 1 demonstrated an overall positive perception of the project, but that there were areas for improvement. Resources, commitment and functioning collaboration were considered to be fundamentally essential for carrying out similar projects. Sub-study 2 found that the project did not generate any significant effect on the crime rates. Lastly, the result is discussed, inter alia based on theory and how interpretation of statistics may have influenced the study's outcome.