Spelling suggestions: "subject:"las""
461 |
Leveransalternativ inom E-handel : Vilka faktorer påverkar konsumenters val av leveransalternativ vid onlinehandel i Sverige? / Delivery options in E-commerce : What factors influence consumers' choice of delivery option when online shopping in Sweden?Kouweik, Kai, Mrika, Jaouad January 2023 (has links)
In recent years, the requirements for last mile deliveries have increased and therefore it has become important for e-commerce companies to offer their customers different delivery methods to meet their requirements. Because of these increasing demands and requirements, suppliers are given stronger reasons to evolve their delivery methods to achieve a balance between customer satisfaction and efficiency. Therefore, it is important that suppliers know what their customers are asking for. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the factors that lie behind and influence consumers' choice of delivery options when shopping online in Sweden. To answer the purpose, two questions were formulated. The first question concerns the factors that influence customers' choice of delivery options when shopping online. The second question concerns which delivery option among home delivery, pick-up points and in-store pickup e-commerce customers prefer, and the reason behind that. In order to answer the purpose and the questions, the collection of relevant information from previous research has taken place where a theoretical overview of the chosen topic was created. Two focus group interviews were also carried out, which were then analyzed and connected with previous research. The study's findings show that the factors that often underlie customers' choice of delivery options are time, convenience, price, previous experience with delivery failure and, in some cases, Word of Mouth. It was also found that the most preferred delivery option is pick-up points. The reason is that delivery points are often considered to be the convenient option. According to customers, it is also a safe method as the risk of failed deliveries is lower. In addition, it contains an innovation, smart parcel boxes that are appreciated by several customers. / I takt med e-handelsutvecklingen, har kraven på sista milen leveranser ökat och därför har det blivit viktigare att erbjuda kunder olika leveranssätt som uppfyller deras krav. På grund av dessa krav som ökar, får leverantörer starkare skäl att utveckla sina leveransmetoder för att uppnå en balans mellan kundnöjdhet och effektivitet. Därför är det viktigt att leverantörer känner till vad e-handelskunder efterfrågar. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera vilka faktorer som ligger bakom och påverkar konsumenters val av leveransalternativ vid onlinehandel i Sverige. För att besvara syftet formades två frågeställningar. Den ena frågeställningen handlar om vilka faktorer som påverkar e-handelkunders val av leveransalternativ när de handlar online. Den andra frågeställningen handlar om vilket leveransalternativ bland hemleverans, utlämningsställen och hämtning i butik e-handelskunder föredrar, och vad anledningen är till detta. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna har insamling av relevant information från tidigare forskning skett där en teoretisk överblick om det valda ämnet skapades. Det utfördes även två fokusgruppsintervjuer som därefter analyserades och kopplades ihop med tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att faktorerna som ofta ligger bakom e-handelkunders val av leveransalternativ är tid, bekvämlighet, pris, tidigare erfarenhet av leveransmisslyckande och i vissa fall, Word of Mouth. Det konstaterades även att det mest föredragna leveransalternativet som oftast används av e-handelskunder är utlämningsställen. Detta eftersom att utlämningsställen ofta anses vara det bekväma alternativet. Det är enligt kunderna även ett säkert alternativ då risken för misslyckade leveranser är mindre. Dessutom innehåller det en innovation, paketboxar som uppskattas av flera kunder.
|
462 |
Hybridity in Cooper, Mitchell and Randall : erasures, rewritings, and American historical mythologyThormodsgard, Marie January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
|
463 |
Energy flow model for a scrapper conveyor unit / Energiflödesmodell till en skraptransportörsmodulAndré, Meza Kahn January 2019 (has links)
Värmevärden AB is an energy company that distributes district heating. One of their challenges today is to reduce the energy losses and wear that occur in the plant's scrapper conveyor unit. The conveyor belt is in constant motion whether it is transporting fuel or going unloaded at idle. An understanding of the module's energy flow needs to be mapped. An energy flow behavior model for the scrapper conveyor unit is presented. The energy flow in the startup sequence when the belt runs at idle and at full load is simulated. The simulations visualize the velocity and acceleration of the belt as a function of time and the current flow in the engine when getting started. The model allows changes on various parameters such as engine velocity, current limitations, work efficiency and enables the calculation of necessary material to achieve a desired power delivery. With a current-limited engine of 140 [A], a lower acceleration is obtained as the belt transports the fuel masses. Energy losses are also reduced as the belt is started by their own mass when transportation is needed. This means that the wear on the components of the plant decreases as transportation takes a more controlled form. / Värmevärden AB är ett energibolag som distribuerar fjärrvärme. En av deras utmaningar idag är att minska energiförlusterna och slitaget som uppstår i anläggningens skrapstransportörs modul. Transportbandet är i konstant rörelse vare sig det transporterar bränsle eller går olastad i tomgång. Förståelse för modulens energiflöde behöver kartläggas. En beteendemodell för skraptransportörens modul presenteras. Genom analys av energiflödet i systemet simuleras startförloppet när bandet körs i tomgång och vid full last. Simuleringarna visualiserar bandets hastighet och acceleration som funktion av tid och även motorns strömförlopp under uppstartsfasen. Modellen tillåter ändringar på diverse parametrar såsom motorns varvtal, strömbegränsning, verkningsgrad och möjliggör även framräkningen av nödvändigt material för att uppnå en viss leverans uteffekt. Med en strömbegränsad motor på 140 [A] fås en lägre acceleration när bandet transporterar bränslemassorna. Energiförlusterna minskar också eftersom bandet sätts igång av massornas egenvikt när transporteringen behövs. Detta medför att slitaget på anläggningens komponenter minskar i och med att transporten sker i mera kontrollerade former.
|
464 |
Long, Long Time : An Examination of Identity and Status Connected to Scenography in the Tv-Series The Last of Us (2023) / : En undersökning av identitet och status kopplat till scenografi i tv-serien The Last of Us (2023)Jonsson, Anton January 2023 (has links)
This study examines cinematic storytelling by looking at screenshots from episode three of the tv-series The Last of Us (2023). The purpose is to illustrate how scenography in the chosen material can represent meaningful concepts about the main character's identity and statues. The study examines how scenography in the character Bill's home can be seen as identity markers based on Pierre Bourdieu's capital theory. The study further uses Petter Skult to contextualize the world and zombie genre in which the tv-series takes place. Through a qualitative visual analysis the screenshots are described and analyzed in relation to Bourdieu's ideas about economic and cultural capital. The results suggest that Bill's status has increased both in terms of economic and cultural capital in the context of a unraveling zombie apocalypse. Scenography in Bill’s home further suggests his contradictive identity as both tough survivalist and cultural connoisseur. His home in an idyllic small-town neighborhood further suggests his identity as a symbol for American patriotism. The result is lastly followed by a discussion about class and xenophobia. / This media production is a fictional marketing campaign for the city of Malmö which uses visual communication with the aim to encourage young people to send in citizen proposals.
|
465 |
Locating Mobile Parcel Lockers for Last-Mile Delivery on Urban Road NetworksConsidering Traffic and Customer Preferred Modes of TransportationAl-Adaileh, Mohammad Ali 16 September 2022 (has links)
No description available.
|
466 |
Adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm – performance evaluation under parallel schemes & applicationsKumar, Sandip 12 May 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) is a fairly recent yet popular single-solution heuristic for solving discrete optimization problems. Even though the heuristic has been a popular choice for researchers in recent times, the parallelization of this algorithm is not widely studied in the literature compared to the other classical metaheuristics. To extend the existing literature, this study proposes several different parallel schemes to parallelize the basic/sequential ALNS algorithm. More specifically, seven different parallel schemes are employed to target different characteristics of the ALNS algorithm and the capability of the local computers. The schemes of this study are implemented in a master-slave architecture to manage and assign loads in processors of the local computers. The overall goal is to simultaneously explore different areas of the search space in an attempt to escape the local minima, taking effective steps toward the optimal solution and, to the end, accelerating the convergence of the ALNS algorithm. The performance of the schemes is tested by solving a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) with available wellknown test instances. Our computational results indicate that all the parallel schemes are capable of providing a competitive optimality gap in solving CVRP within our investigated test instances. However, the parallel scheme (scheme 1), which runs the ALNS algorithm independently within different slave processors (e.g., without sharing any information with other slave processors) until the synchronization occurs only when one of the processors meets its predefined termination criteria and reports the solution to the master processor, provides the best running time with solving the instances approximately 10.5 times faster than the basic/sequential ALNS algorithm. These findings are applied in a real-life fulfillment process using mixed-mode delivery with trucks and drones. Complex but optimized routes are generated in a short time that is applicable to perform last-mile delivery to customers.
|
467 |
Dagligvaruhandelns effektiva och hållbara e-handel : Förslag på hantering av sista milen alternativ för ehandel / The efficient and sustainable e-commerce of the grocery tradeNorrbrink, Philip, Olander, Villiam January 2022 (has links)
Abstract Purpose – The purpose of the study is to explore which possible last mile alternativesare beneficial for the development of the grocery trade in e-commerce. The deliveryalternatives will have a strong focus in that the last mile deliveries are optimized,efficient and sustainable. Therefore, three different research questions have beenformulated: 1. What does the grocery- and rare trade's last mile look like today? 2. How can the grocery trade practice different last mile deliverymethods to manage the growing e-commerce? 3. Which improvements of the last mile can businesses bring to fostersustainability and environmental friendliness? Method – A quantitative comparative study where statistical document analysis iscombined with semi-structured interviews and structured interviews. The documentanalysis to study delivery speeds, delivery alternatives and delivery companies and tocarry out an analysis of the current last-mile delivery. The semi-structured interviewprovided data on all issues and aimed to provide a qualified perspective. Findings – With collected empirical data identifies clear trends from documentanalysis, strategies that different companies use and how they affect variables such asdelivery speed, shipping cost and number of delivery options that are sustainable.Groups in the grocery trade and like all companies should meet the consumersrequirements. Whether companies in the grocery trade will be able to meet customers'demands for sustainability is difficult to say and remains to be seen in the future. Atpresent, it is a matter of companies having to dare to take the first step towards a moresustainable last mile. Implications – Theoretical implications are the benefits that the various deliveryalternatives have linked to delivery speed and durability. One possible implication iswhich delivery alternatives will be an optimal solution for q-trade, as the authors havenot identified any previous research. The importance of sustainable transport should bemade fossil-free and how companies should prioritized according to the sustainablealternatives instead of popular alternatives.Practical implications are a change in companies' attitudes towards market change withinnovative delivery alternatives and sustainable delivery alternatives. An additionalimplication is the establishment of the grocery trade in q-trade, how groups choose tocompete with new players in q-trade. Limitations – This study will include retail businesses that offer e-commerce and willstudy their transportations last storage point or storage warehouse to the consumer. Thebusinesses that are viewed in this paper are those who have the biggest market sharesin Sweden and offer e-commerce for private consumers. The consumers transportationto pick up for example at a C&C (Click & Collect) will not be highlighted but ismentioned. Furthermore, returns and handling of said subjects is only mentioned toillustrate the contributing factor it has to the increase of deliveries and its environmentalimpact. Lastly, Q-trade (quick e-commerse) is only mentioned for the purpose to utilizethe innovative solutions they’ve established to obtain quick and sustainable deliveries. Keywords – E-commerce, / Sammanfattning Syfte – Studiens syfte är att utforska vilka möjliga sista milen alternativ som ärfördelaktiga för dagligvaruhandelns utveckling inom e-handel. Leveransalternativenkommer ha ett stort fokus i att sista milen leveranserna är optimerade, effektiva ochhållbara. Därför bröts syftet ner i tre frågeställningar: 1. Hur ser dagsläget av sista milen leveranser ut för daglig- ochsällanköpshandeln? 2. Hur kan dagligvaruhandeln använda sig av olika sista milen leveranser föratt hantera den ökande e-handeln? 3. Vilka förbättringar kan företag vidta för att sista milen ska bli mer hållbar,effektiv och miljövänlig? Metod – En kvantitativ jämförelsestudie där dokumentanalys kombineras medsemistrukturerad och strukturerade intervjuer. Dokumentanalysen för att studeraleveranshastigheter, leveralternativ och leveransföretag för att genomföra ennulägesanalys. Den semistrukturerade intervjun gav data till alla frågeställningar. Denstrukturerade intervjuerna var till för kvantitativ data gällande hållbarhetuttalandekopplat till hållbara leverans alternativ. Resultat – Med insamlad empiri identifieras tydliga trender från dokument analysen,strategier som olika företag använder och hur de påverkar variabler somleveranshastighet, fraktkostnad och antal leveransalternativ som är hållbara. Koncernerinom dagligvaruhandeln och liksom alla företag bör möta kundens krav. Om företaginom dagligvaruhandeln kommer att kunna möta konsumenternas krav på hållbarhet ärsvårt att säga och återstår att se i framtiden. I dagsläget handlar det om att företagenmåste våga ta första steget mot en mer hållbar sista mil. Implikationer – Teoretiska implikationer är vilka fördelar som de olikaleveransalternativen har kopplat till leveranshastighet och hållbarhet. En tänkbarimplikation är vilka leveransalternativ som kommer att vara en optimal lösningen förq-handel, då författarna inte identifierade någon tidigare forskning. Betydelsen avhållbara transporter bör göras fossilfritt och hur företagen bör prioritera efter de hållbaraalternativen i stället för populära alternativ.Praktiska implikationer är förändring till företagens inställning motmarknadsförändring med innovativa leveransalternativ och hållbara leveransalternativ.En ytterligare implikation är dagligvaruhandelns etablering inom q-handel, hurkoncerner väljer att konkurrera med nya aktörer inom q-handel. Begränsningar – Denna studie studerar dagligvaruhandeln och företag som erbjudere-handel inom den. Den studerar deras transporter från sista lagerpunkten ellerbutikslager till konsument. Företagen som analyseras är de som har störstmarknadsandelar i Sverige som samtidigt erbjuder e-handel för privatkunder.Konsumenternas transport till uthämtning av exempelvis C&C (click and collect)kommer att nämnas men kommer inte vara i fokus. Vidare tas returhantering endast uppför att visa dess bidragande faktor till ökade leveranser samt negativa påverkan påmiljön. Slutligen berörs q-handeln (snabb e-handel) endast med syfte av att ta hjälp avde innovativa lösningarna de skapat för att erhålla snabba och hållbara leveranser.ii Nyckelord – Dagligvaruhandel, detaljhandel, e-handel, hållbarhet, logistik, q-handel,sista milen, sällanköpshandel
|
468 |
"The Last Leaf" for Sopranino Saxophone: A Performance Guide and Interview with Chaya CzernowinRichards, Alexander 12 1900 (has links)
Despite being one of the instruments outlined in Aldophe Sax's original patent for the saxophone, and commercially available since 1849, the sopranino saxophone was generally unaccepted as a fully-fledged instrument until the late 20th century, existing solely as a novelty or a rare member of the saxophone ensemble. As such, there are few saxophonist who utilize the instrument, and the literature for the sopranino saxophone exists primarily in the contemporary idiom. Of the contemporary works for sopranino saxophone, one of the most well-known pieces is Chaya Czernowin's The Last Leaf (2011/12). While Czernowin initially conceived this work for solo oboe, she subsequently arranged a version for sopranino saxophone. Since then, it has been performed many times and recorded by several saxophonists including Ryan Muncy and Patrick Stadler. Through an examination of the score utilizing a variety of sopranino saxophone-centric contemporary resources alongside an interview with Czernowin herself, this dissertation provides the first extant performance guide to the sopranino saxophone edition of The Last Leaf, with the purpose of providing any saxophonists wishing to attempt this work with the information of Czernowin's intention for the piece and how to implement the techniques necessary for a performance.
|
469 |
Serviceability assessment of footbridges when subjected to vibrations induced by running pedestriansGarmendia Purroy, Javier January 2017 (has links)
Vibration serviceability in the design of footbridges is gathering enormous prominence as comfort restrictions get enhanced. Comfort verifications are often becoming critical when considering human induced dynamic loading on lightweight structures, which are increasing in slenderness and flexibility. The aim of this work was to build up understanding about the running load effects on the response of footbridges and proving that it could imply a critical load case that would require verification. Additionally, the accuracy of potential models to estimate the structural response was evaluated. Finally, aiming for a practical application, this work provides a step forward towards the possibility of adopting a simplified design methodology to be included in the future guidelines and an insight into the potential effects of a marathon event. While the walking load case is a well-studied phenomenon, not much attention has been paid to the running induced excitation. Guidelines motivate that there is no need for verification and exceptionally, some get to suggest a time domain load model definition. The interaction phenomena as well as the effects of groups of runners in the dynamic response of the structure remain still unknown. Limiting the work to the vertical component of the response and force and based on a large set of additional assumptions, experimental and numerical analyses were performed. Three footbridges were tested and subjected to tests involving different motion forms; jumping, walking and running. On the other hand, the time domain load models available in the literature were applied accounting for the spatial displacement of each of the pedestrians along the footbridge. In the most advanced of the models, aiming to account for interaction effects, the subjects were modelled as independent mechanical systems. The results derived from the experimental study helped characterizing the running load effect on the footbridge's response and proved that there may be structures in which running could comprise a critical load case. Furthermore, the numerical analyses allowed to verify the accuracy of the suggested models and the improvement that the human structure interaction effects involve. The analyses resulted in complementary sets of conclusions that built up understanding about the running load effects on footbridges; such as the sensitivity of the estimated response to the structure's modal properties and the influence of the parameters that characterize the running motion. Finally, the suggested simplified design methodology was able to estimate, with a very reasonable error for the current case study, the calculated response by the most accurate of the models. To sum up, this work serves as a motivation to include the running load case in the guidelines and establishes a starting point for further research and simplified design methodologies based on the strategy and models suggested in this work.
|
470 |
Reinforced Concrete Subjected To Restraint Forces : A comparison with non-linear numerical analyses / Armerad Betong Utsatt För Tvångskrafter : En jämförelse med icke-linjära numeriska analyserBrattström, Niels, Hagman, Oliver January 2017 (has links)
In Sweden, it is Eurocode 2 which forms the basis for performing a design of concrete structures, in which methods can be found treating the subject of restrained concrete members and cracking in the serviceability limit state. In the code, both detailed hand calculations procedures as well as simplified methods are described. Several proposal of how to treat base restrained structures can be found in other codes and reports. Some state that the procedure given in Eurocode 2 is on the unsafe side as the method relies on stabilized cracking, while some say that the method is over conservative as the restraining actions will prevent the cracks from opening. As these methods are analysed closer and further tested, it is obtained that they all yield different results under the same assumptions. Most of them are within a similar span, and the deviation arises as the various methods takes different aspect into consideration. One method yields a result which is considerably higher than all other, denoted the Chalmers method. As this method is taught at the technical institute of Gothenburg (Chalmers), the large deviation have caused some confusion among Swedish engineers. As the methods are compared to numerical analyses, it is found that the detailed calculation procedure stated in Eurocode 2 yields fairly good prediction of crack widths for lower levels of strain, while for high levels of strain it is over conservative. The Chalmers method seems to underestimate the number of cracks which occur, and thus give rise to the deviating results. It is further found that in relation to more detailed hand calculations, the simplified procedure stated in Eurocode 2 may not always be on the safe side. The procedure is only valid within a certain range which may be exceeded depending on the magnitude of the load and choice of various design parameters. The effect creep have on base restrained structures subjected to long term loads such as shrinkage is further discussed and analysed numerically. Various hand calculation methods suggest that creep have a positive influence on base restrained structures in the sense that the crack width become smaller. The numerical results indicates that this is indeed the case, however, uncertainties of these analyses are considered to be large in relation to the short term analyses. / I Sverige är det Eurokod 2 som används som basis för dimensionering av betongkonstruktioner, i vilken metoder som beskriver sprickkontroll i bruksgränsstadiet för betong utsatt för tvångskrafter återfinns. Både detaljerade handberäkningsmetoder och förenklade metoder beskrivs. I olika koder och rapporter återfinns ett flertal förslag till hur detta problem ska hanteras. Vissa påstår att metoderna som anges i Eurokod 2 är på osäkra sidan då dessa förlitar sig på stabiliserad sprickbildning, medan andra menar att Eurokod 2 är för konservativ då inspänningen kommer förhindra att sprickorna öppnar sig. Då metoderna analyseras noggrannare och testas framgår det att alla genererar olika resultat under samma antaganden. De flesta ligger inom samma spann och skillnaderna uppkommer då de olika metoderna beaktar olika aspekter. En metod genererar dock ett resultat som är högre än alla andra, som i denna rapport benämns som Chalmersmetoden. Då denna metod lärs ut på Göteborgs tekniska universitet (Chalmers) så har de utstickande resultatet skapat en viss förvirring bland konstruktörer i Sverige. Då metoderna jämförs med numeriska analyser framgår det att Eurokod 2 förutspår en rimlig sprickvidd för låga töjningsgrader, medan den verkar vara överkonservativ för höga töjningsgrader. Chalmersmetoden verkar underestimera antalet sprickor som uppkommer i konstruktionen, vilket resulterar i de utstickande resultaten. Fortsättningsvis fastslås det att i relation till en mer detaljerad handberäkning så är den förenklade metoden i Eurokod 2 inte alltid på säkra sidan. Metoden är endast giltig inom ett visst spann, vilket kan överskridas beroende på den egentliga töjningens storlek och valet av dimensioneringsparametrar. Krypningens effekt på fastinspända betongkonstruktioner då de utsätts för långtidslaster så som krympning har också diskuterats och analyserats numeriskt. Olika handberäkningsmetoder antyder att krypningen har en positiv effekt på så sätt att sprickvidden minskar. Även de numeriska resultaten indikeratar att så är fallet, dock anses osäkerheten i dessa analyser vara stor i förhållande till analyser av korttidslaster.
|
Page generated in 0.0503 seconds