Le phénomène de la désindustrialisation est abordé à partir de deux approches différentes et complémentaires: celle d’un territoire, le quartier de Vaise, ancien quartier industriel proche du centre-ville de Lyon, et celle d’une entreprise, Rhône-Poulenc-Textile, anciennement Rhodiaceta, représentant le plus important ensemble industriel de Vaise. La désindustrialisation du quartier de Vaise a été particulièrement rapide et radicale, se traduisant par la disparition entre 1975 et 2005 de l’essentiel de ses emplois industriels, tandis que les surfaces occupées par l’industrie diminuaient des deux tiers. Le secteur s’est transformé en une vingtaine d’années en un quartier résidentiel et de bureaux, où l’industrie n’a plus guère sa place.En 1977, Rhône-Poulenc-Textile annonce son Plan textile prévoyant une réduction de moitié de ses productions textiles chimiques en France, la fermeture emblématique de son usine-mère de filature du nylon à Vaise qui avait connu jusqu’à 7 000 salariés et fabriqué le premier fil nylon en France, mais aussi celles de Roussillon, Besançon, Vaulx-en-Velin… Il ne s’agit pas seulement d’une restructuration mais d’une véritable désindustrialisation.Pour ces deux exemples, l’étude recherche les causes des transformations mises en évidence, auprès de leurs acteurs : les dirigeants de Rhône-Poulenc, les décideurs politiques tant au gouvernement que dans les collectivités territoriales, l’importance décisive ou non des crises économiques que cette période a connues. / The deindustrialization phenomenon is approached by two different and complementary ways: one about the territory, Vaise district, old industrial district near the Lyon’s town center, and the other about a company, Rhône-Poulenc-Textile, before called Rhodiaceta, the biggest industrial of Vaise.The Vaise district deindustrialization has been particularly fast and radical, showing the disappearance between 1975 and 2005 of most of industrial employments, whereas the busy surfaces by the industry decreased by two thirds.The sector was transformed into about twenty years in a residential and offices district, where the industry has hardly its place.In 1977, Rhône-Poulenc-Textile announces his textile Plan, foreseeing a reduction of half of its textile chemical productions in France, the emblematic closure of its manufactory mother of nylon spinning in Vaise which had known up to 7 000 employees and had made the first thread nylon in France, but also these of Roussillon, Besançon, Vaulx-en-Velin… It’s not only a restructuring but a real deindustrialization.For these two examples, the study looks for the cause of processing put there evidence, with their actors: Rhône-Poulenc managers, the politic deciders in the government as well as the territorial communities, the decisive importance or not of the economic crises that the period has knew.

No description available.

No description available.

Le mémoire que nous présentons comporte deux parties. La première consiste en l'édition critique du début de la version en alexandrins du XIVe siècle (Lyon, BM, ms. 0744 et Bruxelles, KBR, ms. 10391) du Chevalier au Cygne, ce qui correspond plus particulièrement aux événements de la Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne, première partie de la chanson. Ces deux manuscrits sont les seuls témoins de ce que la tradition identifie comme la version D du Chevalier au Cygne en vers. L'étude qui accompagne l'édition cherche quant à elle à replacer cette version au sein du cycle qu'on appelle le Premier Cycle de la Croisade, et à comprendre l'intérêt de la rédaction de cette quatrième version de la Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne : cet examen devrait permettre de mieux cerner le contexte de création et de circulation de ces textes qui fonctionnent en rivalité et par échos. Pour ce faire, nous ferons l'histoire du Chevalier au Cygne et de la Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne. Nous observerons comment les textes circulent au sein du cycle de la croisade. Nous en profiterons pour dresser une liste des versions concurrentes qui s'y développent, examiner les textes qui voyagent avec celle-ci pour déterminer comment le Chevalier au Cygne s'articule à l'ensemble. / The thesis we propose to present is comprised of two parts. The first part consists of the critical edition of the beginning of the fourteenth century alexandrine version (Lyon, BM, ms. 0744 and Brussels, KBR, ms. 10391) of the Chevalier au Cygne, which corresponds more particularly to the events in the first part of the song, Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne. These two manuscripts are the only witnesses to what tradition identifies as version D of the Chevalier au Cygnet in verse. The study that accompanies the edition seeks to place this version within the cycle known as the First Crusade Cycle, and to understand the interest of writing this fourth version of the Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne: this examination should make it possible to better understand the context of the creation and circulation of these texts which function in rivalry and by echoes. To do this, we will review the history of the Chevalier au Cygne and the Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne. We will observe how the texts circulate within the Crusade Cycle. We will take this opportunity to draw up a list of the competing versions circulating to see which texts that travel with the Naissance to determine how the Chevalier au Cygne articulates itself within the entire Cycle.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the future of religious heritage has provoked consideration within the fields of law, history, architecture and heritage. The origin of this problem is explained both by the decline in traditional worship practices, essentially Catholic in France, from the 1960s onwards, and by the Church’s lack of human and financial resources, which has resulted in the appearance of veritable "religious desert". This process, related to society’s secularisation, is expected to increase because of the likelihood of these two factors intensifying. If convents, monasteries, seminaries and other Catholic religious buildings have already been affected by this phenomenon, parish church buildings are now in turn losing their original function. Quebec has also experienced this phenomenon, but its historical and legal contexts have accelerated the transformation of churches which in turn resulted in the establishment of a "churches Plan" aiming at preserving church buildings by converting them.In this thesis, that pioneering programme is used in relation to the Lyons Saint-Etienne urban area, as a lens through which to read the French situation and as a tool for generating methods adapted to its specific context.The first part summarises the specific heritage and legal knowledge bases from Quebec and France concerning their parish churches, which is necessary for understanding the two contexts. The second part is an observational study, which defines the territory and creates an inventory of the corpus of research. We first provide an inventory of 429 parish churches within the territory studied here. From an analysis of their transformations, we propose three major typologies ("historical", "19th-century" and "20 h-century " churches), Using the cases of church conversions in ou corpus, we analyse the degree of compatibility between their previous worship use and their new uses, and then formulate hypotheses relating architectural interventions for adaptative reuse to restoration theories. The third part is an action-research interventional study. Three representative case studies from each church typology have been selected, in the town of Montarcher, Givors and Villeurbanne. For each case, a participatory approach has been set up with the municipality, inhabitants and associations, in order to propose reconversion scenarios adapted to local needs.This work shows that the demolition of parish churches, widely perceived as a common good, threatens the transmission of local identities. It therefore seems essential to start a global reflection on the evolution of this heritage, one which takes into account territorial issues, citizens' demands and the architectural diversity of these buildings. We show that the architect, through both his sensitivity to the place and his technical, can play a central role in implementing of these reflection. / Since the beginning of the 21st century, the future of religious heritage has provoked consideration within the fields of law, history, architecture and heritage. The origin of this problem is explained both by the decline in traditional worship practices, essentially Catholic in France, from the 1960s onwards, and by the Church’s lack of human and financial resources, which has resulted in the appearance of veritable "religious desert". This process, related to society’s secularisation, is expected to increase because of the likelihood of these two factors intensifying. If convents, monasteries, seminaries and other Catholic religious buildings have already been affected by this phenomenon, parish church buildings are now in turn losing their original function. Quebec has also experienced this phenomenon, but its historical and legal contexts have accelerated the transformation of churches which in turn resulted in the establishment of a "churches Plan" aiming at preserving church buildings by converting them.In this thesis, that pioneering programme is used in relation to the Lyons Saint-Etienne urban area, as a lens through which to read the French situation and as a tool for generating methods adapted to its specific context.The first part summarises the specific heritage and legal knowledge bases from Quebec and France concerning their parish churches, which is necessary for understanding the two contexts. The second part is an observational study, which defines the territory and creates an inventory of the corpus of research. We first provide an inventory of 429 parish churches within the territory studied here. From an analysis of their transformations, we propose three major typologies ("historical", "19th-century" and "20 h-century " churches), Using the cases of church conversions in ou corpus, we analyse the degree of compatibility between their previous worship use and their new uses, and then formulate hypotheses relating architectural interventions for adaptative reuse to restoration theories. The third part is an action-research interventional study. Three representative case studies from each church typology have been selected, in the town of Montarcher, Givors and Villeurbanne. For each case, a participatory approach has been set up with the municipality, inhabitants and associations, in order to propose reconversion scenarios adapted to local needs.This work shows that the demolition of parish churches, widely perceived as a common good, threatens the transmission of local identities. It therefore seems essential to start a global reflection on the evolution of this heritage, one which takes into account territorial issues, citizens' demands and the architectural diversity of these buildings. We show that the architect, through both his sensitivity to the place and his technical, can play a central role in implementing of these reflection.

Les métropoles contemporaines sont marquées par des regroupements et des séparations des citadins, connus sous le terme de ségrégation. Ce phénomène est généralement appréhendé sur la base des localisations résidentielles. L’importance de la mobilité quotidienne dans les reconfigurations spatiales métropolitaines et dans les modes de vie individuels nous incite alors à l’étude et la caractérisation de la relation entretenue par les citadins avec les espaces urbains. Cela permet de passer de la ségrégation résidentielle (immobile) vers la ségrégation dans les espaces de la vie quotidienne (mobile). Parallèlement, c’est l’individu, et non le ménage, qui est au cœur des dynamiques ségrégatives telles que nous les abordons. Quatre métropoles contemporaines ont été analysées avec une visée comparative. Ce choix a imposé la mise au point d’une méthodologie originale, commune aux quatre cas et basée sur des données d’enquêtes-ménages transports. Les résultats obtenus permettent de souligner l’interprétation économique des comportements individuels de proximité (immobilité et vie locale) et des accès aux pôles d’attraction (parmi lesquels le centre). La proximité, avant d’être un objectif des politiques de villes durables, est une réalité pour les populations défavorisées. Ces comportements de replis dépendent plus de caractéristiques individuelles que d’effets liés au quartier de résidence. Ces tendances fortes, communes aux quatre cas, sont complétées par diverses spécificités. Des dynamiques spatiales et sociales différentes se révèlent dans les villes du Nord et du Sud, et les effets des formes urbaines héritées de l’histoire s’affirment (en particulier à Niamey). Notre analyse permet finalement d’enrichir la perspective usuelle de la ségrégation urbaine dans plusieurs contextes urbains contrastés. / Both divisions and concentrations of population characterize contemporary metropolitan areas. Known as segregation processes, these dynamics are usually studied through the analysis of residential locations. Our thesis, however, proposes another lens to uncover urban change. It focuses on daily mobility that shape urban spaces and individual ways of life. This leads us to organize the reflexion from residential segregations to daily urban spaces segregation (from immobile to mobile segregation). Furthermore, we put the individual, and not the household, at the heart of segregative dynamics. Four contemporary metropolitan areas are considered, in a comparative framework. These examples were analyzed through the same specific methodology, based on transport households surveys data. The study highlights the economic understanding of proximity individual behaviors (immobility and local life) and of attraction areas accesses. Proximity, once a measure for sustainable urban policies, indeed becomes a reality for poor citizens. Spatial isolation nowadays relates to individual characteristics rather than residential locations. Some specificities are added further to these strong tendencies. Different social and spatial dynamics clearly appear in Southern and Northern cities and effects of urban forms inherited from History are asserted (especially in Niamey). Our work finally complete the usual perspective of urban segregation in several contrasted urban contexts.

Cette recherche comparative – terrains français et polonais – a été menée à Lyon et à Cracovie. L’objet du travail concerne le tourisme social destiné aux enfants, et ce dans le cadre des classes de découvertes en France et écoles vertes en Pologne, ces voyages scolaires constituant à la fois un temps de vie collective et un temps d’éducation. Le cadre scolaire de la recherche concerne l’école primaire. Le travail s’inscrit dans la vaste problématique de l’acquisition de savoirs géographiques. Le sujet de la recherche mobilise le champ du tourisme dans la mesure où les pratiques qui en relèvent constituent des moyens et modalités d’appropriation de l’espace que les individus mettent en œuvre dans l’élaboration de leurs représentations spatiales. A travers ses expériences, l’individu construit un modèle intériorisé de son environnement. Cette recherche questionne les modalités de l’apprentissage spatial chez les jeunes enfants, questionnement dont l’objectif essentiel est de valider l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’expérience du voyage scolaire est susceptible de modifier leurs représentations spatiales. Pour vérifier si tous les enfants ont des chances égales pour se construire leur propre capital spatial, la recherche examine aussi l’influence sur leurs représentations de la mobilité spatiale antérieure. Afin d’approcher les représentations spatiales des écoliers, sont mobilisés à la fois les données discursives (questionnaires) et graphiques (cartes mentales). L’enquête, menée auprès de 192 élèves de Lyon et de Cracovie, explore donc finalement l’interface entre deux champs scientifiques, ceux de la géographie et ceux de la psychologie, en s’appuyant sur le postulat de représentations spatiales intrinsèques au paradigme qui conçoit l’espace comme un construit. Le travail s’inscrit dans l’approche d’une géographie mettant l’espace vécu au centre de ses préoccupations. / This comparative research - in France and Poland - was conducted in Lyon and Cracow. The purpose of the work is social tourism for children, more specifically the “discovery classes” in France and the “green schools” in Poland, the school trips constituting both a life experience and a time of collective education. The object of the research is primary schools.The work is part of a broader problem of the acquisition of geographical knowledge. The subject of the research mobilizes the field of tourism since the practices that stem from it are ways and means of appropriation of space that individuals implement in the construction of representations of space. Through experience, the individual constructs an interior model of his or her environment. This research project studies the modalities of spatial learning. The objective is to understand if the experience of school trips modifies children’s spatial representations. To ensure that all children have an equal opportunity to build their own spatial capital, research also examines the influence on their representations of previous spatial mobility. In order to examine the children’s spatial representations, both discursive (questionnaires) and graphics data (mental maps) are mobilized. The research, carried out with 192 pupils in Lyon and Cracow, is related to two disciplines, geography and psychology. It is supported by the postulate of spatial representations within the framework of the paradigm of spatial production. The work is part of an approach to geography, in which the “espace vécu” is the central preoccupation.

Le XIXe siècle est en France celui de la bière : production et consommation annuelles passent en l’espace de cent ans de moins de trois à plus de quinze millions d’hectolitres. Profitant de sa position de carrefour commercial et de la qualité de ses eaux, Lyon occupe une place à part dans ce marché de masse en construction. Remettant en question l’hermétisme de supposées frontières alimentaires, la ville se démarque en effet dès les dernières années de l’Ancien Régime par un notable recours à la boisson houblonnée et la fabrication d’un produit aux qualités organoleptiques bien particulières qu’elle exporte en direction d’un large quart Sud-est du pays. Savamment entretenue, cette position originale fait de la cité rhodanienne l’un des principaux centres de production de bière français de la première moitié du siècle. La donne change à compter du Second Empire. Aux évolutions des modes et pratiques alimentaires à l’égard des alcools s’ajoutent décloisonnement des marchés et avancées technologiques affectant de manière irrémédiable l’activité. Le secteur brassicole régional, très largement lyonnais, passe ainsi en quelques décennies d’une structure artisanale voyant coexister une myriade de petits établissements employant quelques individus et produisant chacun annuellement quelques centaines d’hectolitres à une dimension industrielle où un nombre réduit de grandes usines concentrent main-d’œuvre, capitaux et parts de marché. L’encadrement réglementaire lui-même, qu’il s’agisse de législation professionnelle ou de régulation de l’insalubrité, et les politiques fiscales, à l’échelle de la ville comme du pays, participent à cette transition. Alors que la redéfinition des logiques urbaines et commerciales impacte directement les pratiques des brasseurs en les forçant à revoir leurs procédés de fabrication et leurs stratégies de formation, d’approvisionnement et de vente, c’est la progressive structuration d’une filière de la bière qui apparaît en filigrane. Il faut néanmoins se garder de voir ces entrepreneurs comme de simples victimes de mouvements qui leur échappent : plus que spectateurs d’une révolution protéiforme, ils s’en font les acteurs. L’étude prosopographique de 337 parcours considérés dans leurs dimensions individuelles et collectives atteste de la pluralité des destins : quand le modèle de la petite entreprise permet aux artisans les plus audacieux, qu’ils viennent d’un ailleurs professionnel ou géographique (sont notamment mises à jour les origines germaniques et alsaciennes de nombre d’entre eux), de valoriser leur travail et de satisfaire leurs ambitions, celui de l’industrie fait d’une poignée seulement de véritables brasseurs d’affaires. Ce seront les seuls à survivre, la plupart de leurs collègues et concurrents payant à terme les effets conjoints de la conjoncture économique, de la rationalisation du marché et des tragédies familiales. À l’orée du premier conflit mondial, seules six brasseries sont encore opérationnelles : ayant démontré sa précoce capacité d’adaptation en modifiant sa structure afin de donner aux établissements subsistants les moyens d’assimiler la modernisation productiviste, le monde brassicole rhodanien fait figure d’exception parmi les activités pré-industrielles, a fortiori parmi celles relevant du secteur agroalimentaire. / In France, the nineteenth century is the age of beer: in a hundred years, annual production and consumption grow from less than three to more than fifteen million hectolitres. Thanks to its advantageous commercial position and the quality of its waters, Lyon occupies a unique place in this developing mass-market. Calling presumed alimentary boundaries into question, the city distinguishes itself as soon as the end of the Ancien Régime through a wide use of the hoppy beverage and the making of a product with specific organoleptic qualities being exported to the southeast quarter of the country. Skilfully maintained, this original situation turns Lyon into one of the main French beer production centres of the first half of the century. Things change with the advent of the Second Empire. New drinking trends and habits, birth of a European then worldwide consumption market and substantial scientific and technical improvements combine themselves to change the activity into a definite way. Thus, the Rhône brewing sector, leaded by Lyon’s breweries and initially made of numerous and small short-lived handcraft production units selling locally only, becomes in a few decades an industry operating towards foreign markets and formed by a handful of big factories gathering workforce, capitals and market share. Regulatory framework itself (professional legislation or insalubrity control) and fiscal politics on national and municipal scales contribute also to the transition. Since they have to adapt their manufacturing and formation processes, as well as supplying and selling strategies, the redefinition of urban and commercial logics has a direct impact on brewers’ practices: in a wider sense, it is the organization of the beer sector which progressively reveals itself. However, it would be untrue to see these businessmen as powerless victims of an uncontrolled process. More than spectators, they are actors of a protean revolution. The prosopographical study of 337 careers considered in their individual and collective dimensions prove the plurality of fortunes: while the model of the small business allows audacious craftsmen whatever their professional and geographical origins (many of them come from Alsace and Germany) to succeed by highlighting their work and satisfying their ambitions, the industrial model is more selective. In the medium term, only a few businessmen will survive, their smaller colleagues and competitors suffering the joint effects of economic conjuncture, market rationalization and family tragedies. At the edge of World War One, six breweries are still in operation: having proven its early adaptation ability by modifying its structure in order to assimilate the productivist modernization, the Rhône brewing sector can be considered as an exception among the pre-industrial activities, a fortiori among those from the food-processing sector.

Laurence Prempain consacre sa thèse de doctorat d’histoire aux Polonais-es et Juif-ve-s polonais-es venu-e-s vivre à Lyon (France) entre 1935 et 1945. Dans une première partie, elle présente le cadre géographique (Lyon) ainsi que sa méthodologie (approche par le genre, choix de la microhistoire, le silence comme source) et sa volonté de donner à entendre leurs voix afin de les placer au coeur de sa démarche. Pour cela, suite au dépouillement de quelque 600 dossiers administratifs constitués par le bureau de contrôle des étrangers (préfecture du Rhône), les lettres qu’ils-elles ont écrites ont été collectées pour ce qu’elles mettent au jour de la lutte de leurs auteur-e-s pour vivre et survivre. L’historienne part du postulat que les Polonais-es et Juif-ve-s polonais-es venu-e-s en France composent une population hétérogène n’ayant en commun qu’un rattachement à une citoyenneté, mais qu’ils-elles n’en demeurent pas moins des réfugié-e-s économiques, politiques ou de guerre. Ainsi, un temps considéré-e-s comme les bienvenu-e-s, les ressortissant-e-s polonais-es sont tous-tes, à un moment de leur parcours de vie, considéré-e-s comme indésirables. Aussi, la deuxième partie est consacrée à l’exploration des procédés auxquels la Troisième République, puis le régime de Vichy ont recours : expulsions, refoulements, exclusions, internements sinon déportation. Par ailleurs, l’auteure s’intéresse aux sorties de guerre et démontre l’existence d’une dimension genrée de l’épuration, comme expression d’une tentative de réappropriation de l’autorité. L’attention est également portée sur l’organisation du rapatriement des étranger-ère-s déporté-e-s raciaux et politiques. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, elle affirme que loin de subir, ces hommes et femmes agissent et développent des stratégies évolutives. Au travers des lettres qu’ils-elles ont écrites, de ce qui est dit mais aussi passé sous silence, elle établit que ces stratégies semblent relever de ce qu’elle choisit de nommer esquive et transgression. L’une s’accommode des limites quand l’autre s’y oppose délibérément. Esquive et transgression se complètent. Il est montré qu’à l’arbitraire sans cesse croissant du régime de Vichy, répondent des stratégies de plus en plus transgressives, dont relèvent notamment le passage de frontière, l’entrée en clandestinité et en résistance. Le passage d’une forme de stratégie à l’autre dépend de l’individu, du contexte, de ses habiti, de son parcours et de son identité. L’historienne conclut qu’en 2016, la crise des réfugié-e-s qui secoue l’Europe résonne des mêmes voix, de celles et ceux qui cherchent à protéger leurs vies et à vivre dans la dignité / Laurence Prempain dedicates her PhD (History) to the study of the Poles and Polish Jews who came to live in Lyon (France) between 1935 and 1945. In the first part, she presents the geographical framework (Lyon), her methodology (Gender approach, microhistory and silence as a source) and her will to understand their voices and place them to the heart of her work. For that purpose, upon the examination of approximately 600 administrative files amassed by the « bureau des étrangers » (préfecture du Rhône), the letters they wrote have been then systematically collected to shed light on their authors’ struggle to live and survive. The historian starts from the postulate that Poles and Polish Jews in France make up a heterogeneous population, only sharing a common citizenship, nonetheless they remain economic, political and war refugees. Thus, once considered welcomed, all Polish nationals are , at their life, considered as unwanted, « indésirables ». Therefore, the second part investigates the processes used by the Third Republic and then the Vichy Regime to get rid of them: expulsions, driving back, exclusions, internments or deportation. Moreover, the author raises the question of the war ends and demonstrates that purges have a gendered dimension, which can be seen as an attempt of reappropriation of the authority. She also focuses on the foreign deportees repatriation’s organisation. Finally, in a third part, she asserts that far from being subjected, these men and women have acted and developped evolutive strategies. Through the letters they wrote, through what is said and what is silenced, she establishes that those strategies are a matter of what she names sidestep and transgression. The first one adapts itself with the limits while the other is deliberately opposed to it. Sidestep and transgression complete each other. It is also showed that to the arbitrary of the richy regime respond strategies more and more transgressive, such as clandestinity, cross borders and resistance. The moving from a strategy to another one, depends on the person, the context, the habits, the life course and the identity. The historian concludes that in 2016, the refugees crisis that shakes Europe resonates of the same voices, of those who are looking for protecting their lives and to living in dignity..

This dissertation asserts the value of James Lyon's Urania to the field of American music history as a vital contribution to the development of music in the British colonies prior to the War for Independence. While previous scholarship acknowledges Urania's importance as the first publication in America to contain music by a native-born composer, this study argues that its subscription list and selection of anthems (both of which were new to the field of American music publishing) contribute to the status this compilation is due. The confluence of the English chapel tradition and American singing school tradition contributes to the theological universality and accessibility of its twelve anthems. An introductory chapter discusses the secondary literature upon which this study is based - notably that of Oscar Sonneck and Richard Crawford - and posits applications for the idea presented herein beyond the field of musicology. Chapter 2 provides biographical information on James Lyon and contextualizes Urania within the broader framework of the English chapel tradition and the American singing-school tradition. Chapter 3 discusses the marketability of music in colonial America and explores the biographies of the subscribers to Urania using modern databases. Chapter 4 concerns the confluence of music and sacred text by placing Urania as a spiritual and cultural descendant of the theological universality preached during the Great Awakening. It concludes with an analysis of the anthems, taking into account both text and music. Chapter 5 concludes the study by showing how Urania affected music in the generations after its publication. My dissertation concludes with four appendices. Appendix A is an annotated list of Lyon's subscribers. Appendix B parses out basic information on the anthems, notably the texts. Appendices C and D provide critical notes and editions of the anthems, respectively.