Syfte: Studiens relevans grundar sig i e-barometerns årsrapport gällande en påvisad ökning av svensk e-handel under år 2020. Följaktligen är syftet med denna studie att studera svenska kvinnors konsumentbeteenden inom detaljhandeln under Covid-19 pandemin med fokus på digitaliseringens roll. Studien ämnar bidra med kunskap kring kopplingen mellan begreppen konsumentbeteenden och digitalisering under en världsomfattande pandemi, för att vidare skapa en diskussion kring Covid-19 pandemins inverkan på det paradigmskifte som det redan talas om kring konsumentbeteenden inom detaljhandeln. Metod: I studien tillämpas en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med fokusgrupper, baserat på ett snöbollsurval. Urvalet består utav kvinnor i åldrarna 18–35, vidare används en tematisk analysmetod för att skapa struktur och på ett metodiskt sätt sammanställa och analysera resultatet av undersökningen. Studien baseras på både primär- och sekundära data. Det primära datamaterialet har samlats in via digitala fokusgrupper och det sekundära datamaterialet kommer från vetenskapliga artiklar men även tidigare statistik från bland annat handelsrådet. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Det teoretiska ramverk som ligger till grund för studien är huvudsakligen köpprocessen och Maslows behovstrappa. Vidare presenteras även relevant tidigare forskning kring Covid-19 pandemin samt konsumentbeteende för att skapa en komplett bakgrund till studien. Slutligen presenteras en kort beskrivning om hur de teoretiska ramverken kommer att tillämpas samt hur det kopplas till varandra. Resultat/Analys och Slutsatser: Studien baseras på 12 kvinnliga respondenter, där majoriteten hade påverkats av Covid-19 pandemin i någon form. Vår tolkning blir därmed att trots det faktum att ett intresse för digitala lösningar redan fanns innan pandemin så hade det ändå ökat i samband med respondenternas upplevelse av en marknadsföring av digitala tjänster, slutsatsen blir därför att användningen av digitala lösningar som Instabox, hämta i butik och hemleverans blivit mer vanligt förekommande under pandemin. Vidare påvisar respondenterna en tendens till att kompensera sociala aktiviteter och tristess med att handla online. Resultatet visar på att respondenterna som arbetar eller studerar hemifrån har förändrat sin klädsel, men med undantag för viktiga sammankomster så var det tydligt att respondenterna fortfarande vill se representativa ut. Vidare har resultatet diskuterats utifrån syftet, forskningsfrågor och de teoretiska ramverken. / Purpose: The relevance of this study is based on Postnord’s annual report regarding a demonstrated increase in Swedish e-commerce in 2020. Consequently, the purpose is to examine the buying-behavior of Swedish women during the Covid-19 pandemic with focus on the digitalization in retail. The study intends to contribute with knowledge about the connection between consumer buying-behavior and digitalization during a worldwide pandemic, further on to create a discussion about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the already ongoing paradigm shift in retail, associated to digital consumer buying-behavior.  Methodology: The study applies a qualitative research method with focus groups, based on a snowball sampling. The sample consists of women aged 18-35 and a the maticanalysis method is used to create structure and in a methodical way compile and analyze the results of the focus group. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected through online focus groups and the secondary data comes from scientific articles, but also previous statistics from, among others, Handelsrådet.  Theoretical perspective: The theoretical framework which the study is based on, is mainly the buying process, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Furthermore, it also presents relevant previous research on the Covid-19 pandemic’s effect on and consumer buying-behavior in order to create a complete background to the study. Finally, a brief description is presented of how the theoretical framework will be applied and how the frameworks relate to each other. Empirical analysis and Conclusion: The study is based on twelve female respondents and their individual experiences ofhow the covid-19 pandemic has affected their consuming behaviour. Despite the fact that an interest in digital solutions already existed before the pandemic, it has nevertheless increased in connection with the respondents' experience of increased marketing of digital services during the pandemic. The conclusion is therefore that the use of digital solutions such as instabox, download in store and home delivery has surged during the pandemic. Furthermore, the respondents show a tendency to do more online shopping to compensate for lack of social activities and boredom. The results have been discussed based on the purpose of the report, research questions and the theoretical frameworks.

No description available.

Attitudes toward nuclear weapons is a well-studied field within political science; however, not in the context of the postmaterial values articulated by Inglehart. This study aims to show that individual attitudes toward nuclear weapons are based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, together with emancipatory needs typical of postmaterial priorities. The quantitative study takes place in Sweden, currently a country on the threshold of becoming a nuclear host to NATO nuclear warheads. This article finds evidence for its hypothesis: there is a negative correlation between postmaterial values among individuals and their attitudes toward nuclear weapons. There are also findings suggesting a strong negative correlation between age and attitudes toward nuclear weapons. The well-studied right-left scale continues to correlate with attitudes concerning nuclear weapons; however, this connection is not as significant as the one with cultural values and priorities.

Die Entstehung des Geldes weist in ihrem Verlauf Parallelen zu den Stufen der erweiterten maslowschen Bedürfnishierarchie auf. Es wird eine von Maslow selbst postulierte Flexibilität seines Konzept der Erfüllung von Bedürfnissen angenommen, bei der einzelne Stufen nicht vollständig erfüllt werden müssen, um die nächste zu erreichen oder als wichtig zu erkennen. Bedürfnisse eines höheren Abschnittes existieren unter Umständen bereits vor noch nicht vollständig befriedigten Wünschen eines vorausgehenden Abschnittes. Dieser Annahme wird die Entstehung des Geldes mit dem Zweck der Befriedigung spezieller, aus Maslows Hierarchie übernommener, Bedürfnisse entgegengestellt.:Vorwort.... 1 1 Bedürfnispyramide nach Maslow.... 1 2 Geldformen und deren Entsprechung in der Bedürfnispyramide nach Maslow.... 3 2.1 Geldentstehung.... 3 2.2 Warenhandel und physiologische Bedürfnisse.... 5 2.3 Gesellschaftliche Zwänge und Sicherheitsbedürfnisse/Bedürfnisse nach Zugehörigkeit und Liebe.... 6 2.4 Religion und Transzendenz.... 6 3 Grundlagen der Geldtheorie.... 8 4 Erscheinungsformen des Geldes.... 9 4.1 Hortgeld und Tauschgeld.... 9 4.2 Sachgeld und Symbolgeld.... 10 4.3 Gold.... 11 4.4 Papiergeld.... 12 5 Geldwirtschaft heute.... 12 6 Zusammenfassung.... 13 Literatur.... 15

Text in German / This dissertation is a contribution to cybernetics, a sub-discipline ofPractical Theology. It is a dialogue between theology and management science. The first part discusses whether such a dialogue is reasonable at all. There are a lot of parallels between wisdom theology in the Old Testament and modern management theory. We discuss the benefits and the limitations of wisdom, and the way Israel took advantage of wisdom knowledge of the surrounding peoples. Finally, we draw conclusions for the way how church leadership could integrate knowledge from management theory. The main part of this dissertation is on anthropology and leadership. McGregor invented 1957/60 the so-called theories X andY. He demonstrated that leadership styles of managers are affected by the way they look at their subordinates. Leaders who regard people as lazy (theory X) will try to movitate people by extrinsic factors. Theory Y assumes that human beings have intrinsic motives to work. This assumption is an implicit basis of modem leadership concepts. The background and influence of these theories are explained. Especially, we follow the way from the anthropology of the reformators to theory X and from theory X (Taylorism) to theory Y. Limitations of theory Y are also discussed. In the next step we describe various facets of Old Testament anthropology dealing with man's willingness and capacity to work. The significance of the imago dei in this context is discussed by and large. Finally, we compare these facets with the theories X and Y. Result: The reformators emphasized one-sidedly the undignity of human beings implying that many Protestants consider theory Y as too positive, too humanistic. Old Testament portrays both the dignity and the undignity of human beings. Old Testament anthropology correlates better with theory Y. Thus theory Y is not an antibiblical theory. / Practical Theology / D.Th (Practical Theology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Manzoli Marques de Oliveira.pdf: 809421 bytes, checksum: 594a8d31c25535d4ed211f0589417444 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research was developed in the field of Psychology of Religion and sought to investigate the theoretical foundations of Humanistic Psychology and Transpersonal Psychology and their conceptions and considerations on the concept of spirituality. The humanistic school, a precursor of transpersonal psychology, presented a theory of spirituality fitted full of references to the transcendent, the urge to self-realization and self-actualization, to metaneeds and to peak experiences. However, it was up to the task of transpersonal psychology extend this framework further. This school studies altered states of consciousness and its applications, becoming the first psychological approach to expressly assume that humans have a spiritual dimension. Introduce new concepts like cosmic consciousness, ultimate values, mystical experience, sacredness of life, experience of Unity, responsiveness and maximum sensory awareness. Express a spirituality devoid of organized religion and an anthropological concept of searching for meaning, self-transcendence, supreme values and the search for unity with the cosmos / A presente pesquisa se desenvolveu no campo da Psicologia da Religião e buscou investigar nas bases teóricas da Psicologia Humanista e da Psicologia Transpessoal, as suas concepções e considerações sobre o conceito de espiritualidade. A escola humanista, a precursora da Psicologia Transpessoal, apresentou uma teoria munida de espiritualidade, repleta de referências ao transcendente, ao impulso de autorrealização e autoatualização, às metanecessidadese e às experiências culminantes. Entretanto, coube à Psicologia Transpessoal, a tarefa de ampliar ainda mais este quadro. Trata-se de a escola que estuda os estados alterados de consciência e suas aplicações e concretizando-se como a primeira abordagem psicológica a assumir expressamente que o ser humano possui uma dimensão espiritual. Introduz novos conceitos como consciência cósmica, valores últimos, experiência mística, sacralização da vida, experiência de unidade, responsividade e consciência sensorial máxima. Expressa uma espiritualidade destituída de religião organizada e com uma concepção antropológica de busca de sentido, de autotranscendência, de valores supremos e de busca pela unidade com o cosmo

<p>De flesta chefer ställs inför frågan hur de bäst motiverar sina medarbetare att prestera väl, men utmaningarna och möjligheterna i motivationsarbetet varierar mellan privata och offentliga organisationer. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och analysera hur mellanchefer i Uppsala kommuns kommunledningskontor och Vasakronan AB:s region Uppsala använder motivationsverktyg samt vad eventuella skillnader mellan organisationerna beror på. Med utgångspunkt i fem väletablerade motivationsteorier – Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori, Maslows behovshierarki, rättviseteorin, förväntansteorin och målsättningsteorin – skapades en modell över sambandet mellan hur chefer kan motivera sina medarbetare, vad som skiljer olika motivationsverktyg åt och vilka särdrag olika organisationer har. Därefter genomfördes djupintervjuer med tre mellanchefer i respektive organisation för att undersöka hur de resonerade kring användandet av olika motivationsverktyg och de empiriska resultaten analyserades i ljuset av författarnas teoretiska modell. Undersökningen visar att psykosociala motivationsverktyg är de viktigaste i båda organisationerna, men att mellancheferna i Uppsala kommun framförallt motiverar sina medarbetare med meningsfulla arbetsuppgifter och ett viktigt syfte, till skillnad från Vasakronan där utveckling och resultat står i fokus. Vidare framkom att ingen av mellancheferna anser att begränsade ekonomiska resurser utgör något större hinder i motivationsarbetet, men att den djupt rotade likabehandlingskulturen hämmar en individanpassning av motivationsverktygen i Uppsala kommun.</p>

De flesta chefer ställs inför frågan hur de bäst motiverar sina medarbetare att prestera väl, men utmaningarna och möjligheterna i motivationsarbetet varierar mellan privata och offentliga organisationer. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och analysera hur mellanchefer i Uppsala kommuns kommunledningskontor och Vasakronan AB:s region Uppsala använder motivationsverktyg samt vad eventuella skillnader mellan organisationerna beror på. Med utgångspunkt i fem väletablerade motivationsteorier – Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori, Maslows behovshierarki, rättviseteorin, förväntansteorin och målsättningsteorin – skapades en modell över sambandet mellan hur chefer kan motivera sina medarbetare, vad som skiljer olika motivationsverktyg åt och vilka särdrag olika organisationer har. Därefter genomfördes djupintervjuer med tre mellanchefer i respektive organisation för att undersöka hur de resonerade kring användandet av olika motivationsverktyg och de empiriska resultaten analyserades i ljuset av författarnas teoretiska modell. Undersökningen visar att psykosociala motivationsverktyg är de viktigaste i båda organisationerna, men att mellancheferna i Uppsala kommun framförallt motiverar sina medarbetare med meningsfulla arbetsuppgifter och ett viktigt syfte, till skillnad från Vasakronan där utveckling och resultat står i fokus. Vidare framkom att ingen av mellancheferna anser att begränsade ekonomiska resurser utgör något större hinder i motivationsarbetet, men att den djupt rotade likabehandlingskulturen hämmar en individanpassning av motivationsverktygen i Uppsala kommun.

Text in German / This dissertation is a contribution to cybernetics, a sub-discipline ofPractical Theology. It is a dialogue between theology and management science. The first part discusses whether such a dialogue is reasonable at all. There are a lot of parallels between wisdom theology in the Old Testament and modern management theory. We discuss the benefits and the limitations of wisdom, and the way Israel took advantage of wisdom knowledge of the surrounding peoples. Finally, we draw conclusions for the way how church leadership could integrate knowledge from management theory. The main part of this dissertation is on anthropology and leadership. McGregor invented 1957/60 the so-called theories X andY. He demonstrated that leadership styles of managers are affected by the way they look at their subordinates. Leaders who regard people as lazy (theory X) will try to movitate people by extrinsic factors. Theory Y assumes that human beings have intrinsic motives to work. This assumption is an implicit basis of modem leadership concepts. The background and influence of these theories are explained. Especially, we follow the way from the anthropology of the reformators to theory X and from theory X (Taylorism) to theory Y. Limitations of theory Y are also discussed. In the next step we describe various facets of Old Testament anthropology dealing with man's willingness and capacity to work. The significance of the imago dei in this context is discussed by and large. Finally, we compare these facets with the theories X and Y. Result: The reformators emphasized one-sidedly the undignity of human beings implying that many Protestants consider theory Y as too positive, too humanistic. Old Testament portrays both the dignity and the undignity of human beings. Old Testament anthropology correlates better with theory Y. Thus theory Y is not an antibiblical theory. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th (Practical Theology)

The thesis deals with the motivation of teaching and external DDM personnel from the perspective of motivational theories. The theoretical part contains the definition of motivation and concepts related to it. It mainly deals with theories of motivation with an emphasis on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The practical part deals with the motivation of workers and DDM search needs that motivate workers to work DDM. Motivation in terms of motivating teachers rated the theory of free time and outside workers. DDM Prachatice, DDM Vimperk, DDM Netolice and DDM Volary. Needs have been identified (in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs) that motivate employees to work free time teacher in the DDM. Among the major needs motivating to work in DDM include the need for certainty, the need for personal growth, the need for positive relations with DDM. For educators consider essential in responding to their needs fulfillment, ie, self-fulfillment, self-improvement, confidence and respect.