Nyhetsmedia har en stor påverkan på samhället, det är till dem vi med största sannolikhet vänder oss till när en stor händelse drabbar oss. Under de senaste åren har nyhetsmedia fått motstå kritik för hur de särbehandlar olika fall och händelser beroende på vem gärningsmannen är. Vi ville utforska om det faktiskt stämde att vita gärningsmän blir klassificerade som psykisk sjuka, när icke-vita gärningsmän blir beskrivna som terrorister. Genom att fokusera på representation, gestaltningsteorin och attributdagordningen utfördes en multimodal analys på Aftonbladets och Dagens Nyheters rapportering kring händelsen i Trollhättan respektive Drottninggatan. Målet var att se om det fanns några tendenser för särbehandling vid rapporteringen och porträtteringen av gärningsmän och deras dåd. Studien gav inte några definitiva resultat, däremot lade vi bland annat märke till att det fanns nyanser i artiklarna som kunde peka på särbehandling. Vi märkte bland annat att porträtteringen av gärningsmännen skilde sig drastiskt, när Rakhmat Akilov beskrivs som den invandrade brutala gärningsmannen med IS-sympatier, gestaltas Anton Lundin Pettersson som den tillbakadragne, svenska killen som tyckte om hårdrock OCH Nazityskland. / The influence news media has on society is huge, we most certainly turn to the news media whenever a big event affects us. For the last couple of years critique has been directed towards the news media concerning the coverage of crime and how some cases get special treatment depending on who the perpetrator is. We wanted to investigate if it actually is true that white criminals get described as ‘mentally ill’, while non white criminals are categorized as ‘terrorists’. By focusing on representation, the Attribute framing theory and the Framing theory, we did a multimodal analysis on the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet's and Dagens Nyheter’s coverage of the events in Trollhättan and at Drottninggatan. Our goal was to distinguish if there actually are any tendencies for special treatment while covering a case and portraying a perpetrator within the news media. With this study, we weren’t able to come to any conclusions, but the study did show that there were some nuances which pointed towards special treatment in the news articles. For instance we discovered that there were some differences in the portraying of the perpetrators; while Rakhmat Akilov was described as the immigrating veil criminal who shared sympathies with ISIS, Anton Lundin Pettersson was portrayed as the shy guy from Sweden who was passionate about metal AND Nazi Germany.

This master thesis’ purpose is to examine how high school students comprehends of news. This will be done by conducting group interviews. By using theories regarding “first and second order concepts”, that originates from history teaching didactics, but using them in a social science context to separate substantive concepts from compound concepts. Furthermore, the study provides insight on how twelve high school students comprehension of three specific news items. Finally, the thesis examines what makes the students’ motivated to follow the news. The results show that the level of comprehension varies depending on which of the three news items the students discuss during the interviews. This might depend on the level of relevance the news has towards the students’ own interests, background or where the news originates from. In summary, this thesis gives a snapshot image of students comprehension and reactions to the news items and what motivates them to stay updated with the news. This result can be useful for any teacher using news as an instrument for achieving the knowledge requirements in the syllabus for social sciences in Swedish high-schools. / Denna studie ska undersöka hur gymnasielever förstår nyheter. Undersökningen kommer utföras genom fokusgruppsintervjuer. Vidare används teorier rörande första och andra gradens kunskaper ”first and second order concepts” hämtade från historiedidaktiken men applicerade i en samhällskunskapskontext, undersöka vilka kunskapsuttryck som eleverna visar i genom sina uttalanden. Vidare har även elevernas motivation till att följa nyheter undersökts. Resultatet visar att elevernas förståelse skilt sig beroende på vilka nyheter som har diskuterats. Med detta har även tecknen på första ordningens såväl andra ordningens kunskaper varierat. Detta kan bero på nyheternas relevans och närhet till eleverna. Avslutningsvis ger denna studie en ögonblicks bild av hur elever förstår sig på och talar om nyheter. Detta kan vara användbart för samhällskunskapslärare som i sin lärargärning vill använda nyheter som ett instrument för att uppnå målen i samhällskunskap.

Denna studie är en jämförelse med en tidigare studie om hur den grafiska designen på en nyhets webbplats påverkar studenternas tillit till webbplatsen och påverkar artiklarnas trovärdighet utifrån studenternas perspektiv. Undersökningen genomfördes utifrån två metodansatser, kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. För insamling av data användes enkäter och intervjuer. Syftet med denna undersökning är att få en förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar tilliten till nyhetswebbplatser och om det finns likheter mellan denna studie och en tidigare studie. / This study is a comparison with previous studies on how the graphic design on a news site influences students’ trust in the website and influences the articles credibility from the perspective of the students. The studie was conducted on the basis of two methods, qualitative and quantitative method. Data collection was conducted through use of questionnaries and interviews. The purpose of this studie is to gain an understanding of the factors that affect the trust of news websites and if there are similarities between this study and previous studies.

Denna undersökning handlar om hur den grafiska designen på en nyhets webbplats påverkar högskolestudenters tillit till webbplatsen och påverkar artiklarnas trovärdighet från studentens perspektiv. Undersökningen utfördes utifrån en triangulär forskningsmetod. En kvantitativ samt kvalitativ metod användes, insamlingsteknikerna som användes under undersökningen var en enkätundersökning samt intervjuer. Syftet med undersökningen var att förstå vilka faktorer påverkar användarnas tillit till en nyhets webbplats och artiklars trovärdighet. Motiven till denna undersökning är att sanningslösa nyheter sprids över sociala medier samt att många människor inte inser att nyheterna är sanningslösa och väljer att dela det vidare till sin krets på sociala medier. Detta är något som behöver bearbetas och redas ut. / This review is about how the graphic design on a news site influences college students' trust towards the site and how it affects the credibility to the articles from the student's perspective. The review was conducted on the basis of a triangular research method. A quantitative and a qualitative method was used, the collection techniques used during the review were a survey and interviews. The purpose of the survey was to understand what factors affect users' trust in a news site and article credibility. The motivation for this review is that truthless news are spread across social media and that many people do not realize that the news is truthless and choose to share it with their circle on social media. This is something that needs to be processed and fixed.

ABSTRACT Climate Change in the Daily Press An Analysis of the Representation Swedish Daily Papers Convey Through Their Editorials About the Climate Change The purpose of this essay is partly to present how swedish daily papers describe the climate change through their editorials and partly to examine if their politcal affiliation effect their point of view about the climate change. The search incluedes editorials from 6 daily papers (Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgstidningen, Nerikes Allehanda and Svenska Dagbladet) from the year 1997 to the year 2003. Three discourses and the order between them, found by a former analysis (Adger and others, 2001) of the international politics of climate change, are used as types of ideal in a form of an analysis of idea. The analysis reveals that the swedish daily papers don’t give the problem any major attention. Only a total of 65 editorials about the climate change could be found even though the papers produces several thousands during the period. Most attention occurs at the years 2000 and 2001, both are years of conflicts and demands on taking up a stand in important questions. Further the analysis shows that the representation of climate change in the editorials is being in accordance with the three discourses, and it also reproduce the order between them. The majority of the daily papers, 3 papers, dominates by the manegerial discourse, the challenger, the profligacy discourse, dominate 2 papers and the denial discourse dominate only 1 paper. When it comes to the political aspect the konservative paper is, as presumed, the one and only that dominates by the denial discourse and the social democratic paper dominates by the profligacy discourse, also as presumed. However, the liberal papers do not confirm the presumption of them all being dominated by the manegerial discourse. Three of them are, but one is dominated by the profligacy discourse. The reason is presumably the difference between traditional liberalism and neoliberalism. Keyword: climate change, discourse, daily press, editorial, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgstidningen, Nerikes Allehanda, Svenska Dagbladet, the manegerial discourse, the profligacy discourse, the denial discourse.

This thesis set out to examine news habits among Swedish 15-20 year olds during the spring of 2020 but then the Covid-19 pandemic hit. Following the events and its possible implications on news consumption, the focus shifted towards also looking at how young people’s news habits might change during the pandemic. This study was primarily aimed at better understanding the relationship between young people and news by implementing theories relating to their motivations and how they connect to society. The method used to examine this was online surveys. Additionally, by building on research from the 2009 Swine flu pandemic the survey aimed at improving the understanding of news’ relevance in the context of the digitized media landscape and evolved use of social media. From the results it seems respondents had a bigger need for news and information during Covid-19. Results showed that young people have an interest in news and care about what goes on in society. Factors such as political interest and education level indicated higher news consumption but not as much in relation to the pandemic. Social media was important for the overall news consumption. Those discussing current events with friends and family were also more likely to consume news to a greater extent than those who did not. This study concludes that the decline in youth news consumption previously observed, might not be as severe and that the role of social media is a crucial element. It is also evident that the Covid-19 pandemic increased young people’s news consumption and they turn to the news for information and to better understand what goes on in the world around them.

Denna studie av den digitala marknaden för svensk dagspress är ett examensarbete utfört åt kvällstidningen Expressen. Undersökningen syftar till att utreda den strukturella marknadssituationen för svensk dagspress och dess förutsättningar rörande framtida närvaro i surfplattan. Via intervjuer med branschexperter söks tolkningar om läsartrender och behov i surfplattan, paketeringsstrategi och behovet av personifierade nyhetsflöden. Undersökningen och dess tolkningar understöds av en inledande litteraturstudie vilken behandlar den svenska dagstidningsmarknaden, dess digitala transformation och tekniska förutsättningar gällande surfplattan och rapporterade konsumenttrender. Studien visar bl.a. att den svenska dagstidningsmarknaden är utsatt för en hög intern konkurrens vilket ställer höga omställningskrav på bolagen i en digital era. Den läsartrafik som besöker nyhetstidningarna via surfplattan är mycket sannolik att fortsätta öka liksom behovet av mer tidsfördrivande och sammanfattade nyheter. Studien visar vidare att tidningarna bör anamma en plattformsneutral paketeringsstrategi med grafisk anpassning till surfplattan. Det ökade utbudet av nyhetsinnehåll på nätet ökar även vikten av att kunna erbjuda personifierade nyheter och rekommenderat innehåll. Inför framtiden kommer det bli viktigt att erbjuda en bra nyhetsupplevelse i surfplattan även om de digitala finansieringsutmaningarna i stort blir av större vikt för tidningarna att finna lösningen på. / This study of the digital market for Swedish newspapers is a master thesis carried out for the evening newspaper Expressen. The purpose of the study is to investigate the internal market structure of the Swedish daily press and its qualifications regarding offering tablet news in the future. Through interviews with industry experts an attempt is made at collecting interpretations about reading trends and user needs in the tablet, packaging strategies and the need of personalized news. The investigation and its assessment is supported by an initial literature study which examines the Swedish market for daily newspapers, its digital transformation and technical pre-conditions regarding the tablet and reported consumer trends. The study shows among other things that the Swedish market for daily news is exposed to a high degree of internal competition which sets high requirements on the firms concerning changeover abilities in a digital era. The amount of user traffic that reads news on tablets is very likely to keep on increasing as is the need of shorter news. The study shows further that the newspapers should adapt a platform neutral packaging strategy with graphical adjustments to the tablet. The increased offering of online news also increase the need for personalized news and recommended content. It will be important to offer a good news experience on the tablet in the future despite the fact that the digital financing issues in general are of greater importance for the newspapers to solve.

I en retorisk analys av den svenska, diskursiva konstruktionen av coronapandemin, så som den tog form i politisk kommunikation och samhällsopinion, argumenterar jag för att diskursens möjlighet att uppfattas som rationell och saklig i själva verket var högst beroende av en rad mytiska idéer. Dessa idéer kretsade kring en historisk, västerländsk framåtrörelse, en uråldrig kamp mellan ljus och mörker, det dunkla som något hotfullt, synden och botgöringen som vid domen skulle leda folket till frälsning eller lidande, samt det svenska samhällets äkta kärna. Sammantaget kom de mytiska idéer som präglade diskursen att i grunden begränsa den svenska invånarens diskursiva rörelseutrymme, och därmed också möjligheten att anlägga alternativa riktningar eller göra reellt motstånd. I uppsatsen diskuterar jag även hur och varför den frihet som invånarna åtnjöt snarare kom att bli en väsentlig komponent i ett maskineri, som inte bara genom disciplinering höll nere smittspridningen, utan också gjorde invånarna till användbara redskap i upprätthållandet av en politisk legitimitet. I denna uppsats problematiserar jag därför både bilden av den pandemiska diskursen som ett i grunden rationellt, sakligt och gemensamt refererande till en verklig händelseutveckling och bilden av att frånvaron av tvingande smittskyddsåtgärder automatiskt skänker invånarna en större frihet.

The usage of the word oligarch has been growing rapidly in Swedish newspapers since the fall of the Soviet Union. In this study, I will examine the way Swedish newspapers have been using the word, in what I asses as a biased way.     Previous research has shown that the word is applicable in a much wider space, and that other countries or parts of the world contains cases of oligarchs. The word oligarch is actually old, it comes from ancient Greece and its renowned philosophers, originally made up to describe when the power of a democracy lies in the hands of only a few. Today, it seems that the word has been heavily associated (almost exclusively), with Russian businessmen. Many whom made their fortune during the turmoil between the collapse of the Soviet Union and the republic of Russia switching from a communist economy to a capitalistic state.    There lies certain power in actions, as so in words. To misinterpret, applicate or to use words and situations with the intention of self-advocacy could be dangerous, especially when done so by a force capable of influencing the minds of the masses. The words we use affect our way of interpreting things, in turn, how people interpret, think and conversate about topics and such are called discourse. Critical discourse analysis works as a theory, or method to critically examine the ways that we discuss about these so-called discourses, and how the debate about the topics develop in our society.    Ultimately, by looking into the way three big and influential Swedish newspapers reported on the topic of oligarchs for almost thirty years, we will see how the discourse of the oligarchs develop. This study will work as an insight into the actual discourse and shed light on how institutions such as our news reporting need to be consistently checked in order to be held accountable before their presentation. It is important as it affects the way that we think and interact with each other. Ultimately, from a historical perspective, active discourses like these are things that can put dirty stains on our history. Instead of keeping them alive, we should remind ourselves of our preconceptions, to avoid further alienation amongst people.

The process of secularization has brought significant changes to the religious landscape in Sweden. The influence of the dominant Lutheran Church has diminished, paving the way for individual belief systems such as Satanism. Secularization has made the mediatization of religion possible, which in turn has anticipated changes in the public representation of religion. Media has played a crucial part in the public representation of Satanism in Sweden, mainly during the 1990s, which created the phenomenon Satanic panic. The Satanic panic spread through media outlets which reported crimes such as church and graveyard vandalisms and connected them to satanists. The panic was in some cases based on actual incidents; however, the cases were often merely rumors. This study examines how Satanism is portrayed in daily press and Religion education textbooks for Upper Secondary school in Sweden. Further, this study analyzes the change in the portrayal in these text types from 1980 to 2020 and investigates whether the secularization process in Sweden has contributed to the potential change. The reason for including textbooks in the study is to compare them to the daily press in order to discover potential differences in their portrayal of the religious movement, which provides a pedagogical aspect as well.