Syfte: I våra svenska tidningar har bilderna fått ta mer och mer plats och får därmed större möjlighet att påverka läsaren med egna tolkningar av bilden. Det har lett till en debatt kring hur bilder används för att gestalta våra politiker på nyhetsplats. En grupp journalister som kallar sig Den allierade journalisten uppmärksammade att det, enligt dem, fanns en skillnad i hur Mona Sahlin och Fredrik Reinfeldt porträtterades i bild under valspurten 2010. Senare redovisade journalistprofessor Kent Asp att vissa tidningar varit extra hårda i sin bevakning av Mona Sahlin i nyhetstexter. Med anledning av detta finner vi det intressant att undersöka och analysera  tidningarna Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet och Expressens bilder av Mona Sahlin och Fredrik Reinfeldt de sista veckorna innan valet 2010. Med en djupgående analys av materialet vill vi se hur de båda partiledarna framställs, om det är några skillnader mellan framställningen av de båda, samt om det fanns någon skillnad mellan tidningarna i hur de framställde Mona Sahlin och Fredrik Reinfeldt. Metod: Vår undersökning har utförts genom en kvalitativ semiologisk bildanalys av Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet och hur de gestaltade Mona Sahlin och Fredrik Reinfeldt i valet 2010. Urvalet har gjorts genom en denotativ genomgång av det totala antalet bilder på de båda där de figurerat på tidningens framsida med tillhörande sidor till artikeln inne i tidningen. Sedan har vi konnotativt analyserat ett representativt urval av bilder av de bilder som vi gick igenom i föregående steg. Den semiotiska bildanalysen fokuserar på konnotationer med miljöer, symboler och tecken samt de känslor betraktaren får beroende på den kulturella bakgrund betraktaren har.   Slutsats: Det går att se skillnader i framställningen av Mona Sahlin och Fredrik Reinfeldt. Skillnaden ses tydligast i kvällstidningarna Aftonbladet och Expressen. Överlag så är bilderna och rubrikerna om henne negativt vinklade och handlar mer om henne som person än om den politik som hon framför. Fredrik Reinfeldts politik får också stå tillbaka till förmån för artiklar om honom, men i de bilder han syns så är de till stor grad positiva. Redan tidigt i valspurten utmålas Reinfeldt som en vinnare av de båda kvällstidningarna, vilket fortsätter synas hela vägen till valdagen.  Kvällstidningarna gestaltar kampen mellan Reinfeldt och Sahlin mer som spel än sak, något som dagstidningarna inte gör till lika stor grad. Dagstidningarna tar upp sakfrågorna oftare än kvällstidningarna, men bildmässigt använder de sig av liknande bildspråk som kvällstidningarna. Bilderna i Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet  är också de till Reinfeldts fördel, respektive Sahlins nackdel. Bilderna kan analyseras på ett djupare plan än kvällstidningarna som ofta förankrar sina bilder i en rubrik för att tolkningen av bilden ska bli mer stängd. Bilderna i dagstidningarna är mer ödesmättade och genomtänkta, och framställer ofta Reinfeldt som en vinnare, men Sahlin som en ensam förlorare.

Syfte och frågeställningar I den nya läroplanen Lgr 11 har friluftslivet fått en ökad betydelse eftersom att friluftsliv blivit tilldelad en egen rubrik och för att utomhusmiljön betonas allt mer. Syftet med denna studie var därför att ta reda på hur fem utvalda idrott och hälsalärare  nu upplever möjligheter eller begränsningar med att realisera friluftslivsundervisningen. Dessa frågeställningar tog jag till hjälp: Hur ser lärarna på den gamla och nya kursplanen gällande friluftsliv? Hur bedriver lärarna undervisning enligt den nya kursplanen gällande friluftsliv? Finns det några avgörande möjligheter eller begränsningar som påverkar den nya friluftsundervisningen? Metod Lärare inom idrott och hälsa kontaktades och kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med respektive lärare för att få en mer djupgående inblick kring hur de tänker runt den nya friluftsundervisningen och friluftslivets nya position. Lärarna valdes av bekvämlighetsskäl då jag fick kontakt med majoriteten av dem via studiekamrater. Resultat Resultaten visar att den nya läroplanen, Lgr 11 är mycket mer tydlig när det gäller friluftsliv, där framförallt progressionen framhävs som en förbättring. Faktorer som tid, ekonomi, skolans läge, elevers och lärares inställning och samarbete på skolan krävs för att det ska underlätta skolans friluftsundervisning, vilket är samma faktorer som tidigare forskning anger. Nya faktorer som framkommer är att elevers och andra lärares inställning till att vara ute måste förbättras eftersom att den nya kursplanen betonar utomhusmiljön i större utsträckning. Slutsats Slusatsen som kan dras är att det är svårt realisera friluftslivsundervisningen i den nya läroplanen, Lgr 11 i nuläget. Lärarna upplever att implementeringsarbetet kring den nya kursplanen har varit bristfällig och att den nya friluftsundervisningen därför skjuts på framtiden. / <p>Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa skolår F-9. Vt 2012</p>

The purpose of this essay has been to describe and compare the personal qualities that the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter (DN) tried to associate Barack Obama and John McCain with during the American presidential election campaign 2008. The main question to be answered is: What social and physical characters as well as what personal experiences, interest and resources did DN tried to emphasize regarding John McCain and Barack Obama during the American presidential election campaign 2008. The theoretical starting-point has been John B Thompson’s theory of the mediated publicity and John Corner´s theory of political persona and spheres of action. Various DN news texts, in all 38 articles, have been examined by content analysis from 25th of august to the 4th of November. The main results show that the most frequent mentioned qualities about Barack Obamas was his skin colour, ethnicity and speech talents. The most frequent mentioned qualities about John McCain was his age and his military experiences from the Vietnam War. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the qualities described in DN created a picture of two different politicians. Many of the qualities that was mentioned have no connection to politics and even if they was just mentioned one time can they play a significant role in trying to build confidence. Many of the qualities that was mentioned are qualities that necessary not have to be seen as positive.

The aim of this Master thesis was to examine news journalism covering expressions of mourning related to violent or unexpected deaths. What rituals for mourning are brought out in media and do media present guidance to how mourners should behave?   The questions examined were: What characterised news events that leaded to texts on expressions of mourning? How was grief framed? Which narrative patterns were there in the texts? How was the deceased represented? How were the mourners represented?   165 texts, from Swedish daily newspapers, covering 93 different news events were analysed. The methods were mainly discourse analysis with focus on identities and relations, but also semiotic analysis with focus on staging and symbols and narrative analysis with focus on patterns for storytelling.   The result showed that a news story about ordinary people expressing their feelings of grief has elements of melodrama. The news story is based on the myth of the victim, and formed as a typical story where equilibrium is disturbed when the inconceivable happens and the mourners can by their actions restore equilibrium. The paradigms behind are the opposites life – death and good – evil.    The deceased is represented as a victim in a mythic sense. The most important qualities of a victim are youth, innocence and goodness. The victim is framed as a person we could sympathise and identify with. The mourners in the texts praise the victim and sanctify the place where the victim died with candles, roses and notes. The mourners are essential to the story; they create identification and an identity that include us as readers in a community and a discourse of mourning and mourners. The ordinary people who appear as mourners in the texts are relatives and close friends of the victim, but also mourning tourists, media chosen friends and anonymous women who are represented, in a stereotypical way, as the professional female mourner who weep over the deceased. In some texts celebrities appear as mourners of ordinary people, and they personalize how the distinction between public and private is erased in popular journalism. They also might give a kind of legitimacy to the way media frame the story about ordinary people mourning the innocent victim.   Some texts had a partly diverging story. If the victim, in some aspect, could not be framed as innocent the paradigm good – evil became problematic. When victims or mourners had foreign origin the contrast us – them was added.  In some texts the ethical code for Swedish journalists was disregarded, mainly by publishing information on ethnicity or by interviewing children and people in shock

We have inquired into how the amount of foreign news has changed over the last 30 years in two major Swedish newspapers, which subjects and regions has dominated the content of the foreign news and what subjects dominate the reporting from certain regions. This was done with a quantitative analysis of subjects and regions written about in 1100 news texts during a week in each year of 1978, 1988, 1998 and 2008. To further broaden our study, we also charted with the analysis how the newspapers domesticate foreign news and how they use international news agencies. As a basis for our discussion we use Van Ginnekens theories of world news centres, Westerståhl &amp; Johanssons and Galtung &amp; Ruges theories of foreign news selection as well as the theories of Hjarvard and Biltereyst about the domestication of foreign news due to commercial pressures and objectives on the newspapers. Our result of the amount of foreign news in the two newspapers is also compared to several similar empirical studies by different researchers. The study shows that the amount of foreign news is dropping in swedish media, although not as fast-paced as many researchers claim they do in other countries. In Dagens Nyheter there is just marginal difference while the decreasing amount of news can be seen more clearly in Aftonbladet. The amount of news texts is not reducing, more the size of them shrinks. The study also shows that news about Europe and the USA dominates the foreign news in the newspapers and averagely less than a half of the foreign news is left for the rest of the world. Africa, the Middle East and places that are more culturally and geographically distant are more often presented with tragic, hard news, often about war and conflict. While the happy and soft news is more likely to be about the western culturally similar regions. The purpose of our study was to find out which subjects and places in the world are most written about in the newspapers and with what subjects the papers present certain places in the world. The study can be used as necessary data for further study into why the amount of foreign news is shrinking and why certain places and subjects occur more often in the newspapers.

<p>Uppsatsens syfte är att se vilka urval, lokala och regionala nyhetsprogram gör innehållsmässigt och geografiskt. De analysenheter vi valt är TV4Nyheterna Jönköping och SVT Smålandsnytt. Vi jämförde även de två programmens inslag beträffande typ och längd.</p><p>Vi studerade under tre veckors tid nyhetssammanfattningen 21.55 från TV4Nyheterna Jönköping och nyhetssammanfattningen 22.15 från SVT SmålandsNytt. Anledningen till att vi valde nyhetssammanfattningar var för att vi vill se vad som kanalerna ansåg vara de viktigaste händelserna under dagen, det som var värt att sammanfatta.</p><p>Den valda metoden är kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Valet gjordes för att vi ville undersöka statistiskt mätbara variabler, som tid, olika ämnen i inslagen och antal inslag per kommun. Detta är statistisk data och lämpar sig bäst då att räkna kvantitativt. Analysen har gjorts med hjälp av en kodbok och kodblanketter.</p><p>Resultaten visade att i TV4Nyheterna Jönköping fanns det en stark centralisering till sändningsorten, Jönköping. I SmålandsNytt däremot fanns inte lika stark koncentration till Växjö, som är SmålandNytts sändningsort, utan även här dominerade Jönköping. Detta anser vi beror på det uppmärksammade studentmordet som rapporterats mycket om i programmen. De inslagslängder som var vanligast i båda nyhetsprogrammen var 16-30 sekunder. Det ämne som uppmärksammandes mest var brott/olyckor. Våra resultat visade inte på några stora skillnader mellan nyhetsprogrammen.</p> / <p>Our aim with the essay is to see how local and regional two news programmes are and which news they prioritize. The chosen programmes are TV4Nyheterna Jönköping and SVT Smålandsnytt. We will look into the differences between those two, when it comes to the type of elements, but also the difference in how long the elements are (in terms of time).</p><p>The material we chose where the news summary 09.55 pm from TV4Nyheterna Jönköping and the news summary 10.15 pm from SVT SmålandsNytt, for three weeks. The reason why we chose news summaries is because we want to see what the channels consider are the most important events during the day, witch news where worth summarize.</p><p>The selected method is quantitative content analysis. We chose that because we wanted to examine statistically measurable variables, as time, different matters in the elements and numbers elements by the municipality. Since it is statistical fact it suits best to count quantitatively. The analysis has been done with the aid of a code book and code forms.</p><p>The results showed that TV4Nyheterna Jönköping had centralization to consignments place, Jönköping. But when it comes to SmålandsNytt, they did not have any centralization to the consignments place, instead Jönköping dominated here also. We consider that this can to do the with murder of a student that has been reported a lot about in the programmes. When it came to the time length of the elements that dominated in both of the news programmes where 16-30 seconds and the most common matters where criminal/accidents. According to Hadenius and Weibull are criminal/accidents one of the most primary readings at the newspaper readers. Our results did not show on some big differences in our two news programmes, SmålandsNytt and TV4Nyheterna Jönköping.</p>

De radikala högerpopulistiska partierna Sverigedemokraterna och Dansk Folkeparti har båda etablerat sig i Sveriges respektive Danmarks partisystem. Då studier av populism och populistiska aktörer i relation till journalistik ur ett medievetenskapligt perspektiv är få, är denna studies syfte att studera och diskutera relationen mellan journalistik och radikala högerpopulistiska aktörer. Detta för att möjliggöra en diskussion kring vilken roll denna relation spelar för mediers journalistiska innehåll och framställning av politiska aktörer. Uppsatsens utgångspunkt tar sitt uttryck från tidigare forskning av radikala högerpopulistiska aktörer och deras framväxt tillsammans med teoretiska ansatser om mediers politiska rapportering. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av ledande svenska och danska dags- och kvällstidningar kommer slutsatser kring beroenderelationen mellan medier och radikala högerpopulistiska aktörer dras och problematiseras.

In this study, we looked at how balanced the various christian denominations in Sweden were raised in the news, on the basis of the requirement for balanced reporting. To measure the balance, we utilized Harcup and O'Neill’s news values and studied to what degree these values occurs in association with news articles that address the various denominations. The following denominations were selected for this study; Word of Life, the Pentecostal Church, Jehovah's witnesses, the Catholic Church, the Salvation Army and the Swedish Church. These denominations were then studied on the basis of news values in four of Sweden’s largest news organisations, in terms of audience numbers. We selected Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Sveriges Radio and SVT. What we found was that the Pentecostal Church, the Catholic church and the Swedish church was lifted in a similar and balanced way, while Jehovah's Witnesses, the Salvation Army and Word of Life only were lifted out of a few of the news values. We also found differences between the news organisations and their usage of the news values.We found, for example, a significant deviation in Aftonbladets usage of the news values “good news” and “bad news”.

<p>The aim of this Master thesis was to examine news journalism covering expressions of mourning related to violent or unexpected deaths. What rituals for mourning are brought out in media and do media present guidance to how mourners should behave?</p><p> </p><p>The questions examined were: What characterised news events that leaded to texts on expressions of mourning? How was grief framed? Which narrative patterns were there in the texts? How was the deceased represented? How were the mourners represented?</p><p> </p><p>165 texts, from Swedish daily newspapers, covering 93 different news events were analysed. The methods were mainly discourse analysis with focus on identities and relations, but also semiotic analysis with focus on staging and symbols and narrative analysis with focus on patterns for storytelling.</p><p> </p><p>The result showed that a news story about ordinary people expressing their feelings of grief has elements of melodrama. The news story is based on the myth of the victim, and formed as a typical story where equilibrium is disturbed when the inconceivable happens and the mourners can by their actions restore equilibrium. The paradigms behind are the opposites</p><p>life – death and good – evil. </p><p> </p><p>The deceased is represented as a victim in a mythic sense. The most important qualities of a victim are youth, innocence and goodness. The victim is framed as a person we could sympathise and identify with. The mourners in the texts praise the victim and sanctify the place where the victim died with candles, roses and notes. The mourners are essential to the story; they create identification and an identity that include us as readers in a community and a discourse of mourning and mourners. The ordinary people who appear as mourners in the texts are relatives and close friends of the victim, but also mourning tourists, media chosen friends and anonymous women who are represented, in a stereotypical way, as the professional female mourner who weep over the deceased. In some texts celebrities appear as mourners of ordinary people, and they personalize how the distinction between public and private is erased in popular journalism. They also might give a kind of legitimacy to the way media frame the story about ordinary people mourning the innocent victim.</p><p> </p><p>Some texts had a partly diverging story. If the victim, in some aspect, could not be framed as innocent the paradigm good – evil became problematic. When victims or mourners had foreign origin the contrast us – them was added.  In some texts the ethical code for Swedish journalists was disregarded, mainly by publishing information on ethnicity or by interviewing children and people in shock</p>

Uppsatsens syfte har varit att ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv, undersöka hur olika grupper framställs journalistiskt i nyhetsrapporteringen av mässlingsutbrottet i Göteborg under vintern 2017-2018. Undersökningen har genomförts med kritisk diskursanalys och resultaten har analyserats med postkolonial teori samt teorier om nyheter som kulturell gemenskap och nyhetslogik. I material framkom två huvudsakliga diskurser; folkhälsodiskursen och antivaccinationsdiskursen. Vid sidan av dem framkom en latent främlingsfientlig diskurs. Undersökningen visar att medial konstruktion av ”den andre” sker gällande två grupper i materialet; vaccinationsmotståndare och migranter. Det undersökta materialet är inte direkt främlingsfientligt men indikerar tydligt en främlingsfientlig diskurs. Undersökningen visar att det finns kvar postkoloniala idéer som tar sig uttryck genom konstruktion av migranten som ”den andre” i materialet. / The purpose of this paper has been to study the journalistic portrayal of different groups in the news coverage regarding the measles outburst in the winter of 2017/2018, from a social constructionist perspective. The study has been carried out using critical discourse analysis. The results have been analyzed using postcolonial theory and theories about news logic and news as cultural community. Two main discourses emerged in the material, the public health discourse and the anti-vaccination discourse. A latent xenophobic discourse also emerged in the material. The study shows medial construction of “the other”, regarding two groups; the vaccination-objector and the migrant. The study does not show that the material is explicit xenophobic. However, the material clearly indicates a xenophobic discourse. Therefor the study shows that there are still postcolonial ideas, that are manifested through construction of the migrant as “the other” in the material.