Les premiers romans de John Dos Passos s’inscrivent dans le courant moderniste et sont caractérisés par une organisation originale des mots sur la page. Le texte n’est pas un bloc monolothique mais il est découpé en sections et ponctué d’épigraphes. Il contient également une multitude de collages présentés dans des styles et des polices variés. Cette observation est le point de départ de cette étude qui propose d’analyser la matérialité du texte dans les premiers romans de John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer et la trilogie USA, publiés entre 1925 et 1938. Ces ouvrages interrogent le regard du lecteur sur le texte, en montrant ce qui est placé devant, autour de l’oeil de celui qui regarde. Ils invitent le lecteur à prendre conscience de ce qui influence sa vision. Le roman exhibe son armature et ses divers seuils, laissant soin à celui qui lit de poursuivre ou non sa lecture, de revenir en arrière et de faire les liens entre les différentes zones de texte. Le roman expose son mode de fabrication, soulignant qu’il est le produit d’un réagencement de textes antérieurs. Cette armature visible est autant faite de pleins que de vides et reflète la tension entre l’ambition de tout dire, tout contenir et la reconnaissance de la difficulté même de raconter. Le jeu avec les espaces blancs, la ponctuation et les indications phonétiques renforcent la dimension écrite du texte tout en essayant de de le faire sortir hors de la page et de résister à toute clôture. / The early novels of John Dos Passos are part of the modernist literary movement. They are characterized by an original organization of the words on the page. The text is no longer a monolithic block, but is divided into sections and its separations are highlighted by a vast paratext. It also contains a variety of collages presented in various styles and in different fonts. These observations are the starting point of this research, which focuses on the materiality of the text in the early novels of John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer and the trilogy USA, published between 1925 and 1938. These novels question the gaze of the reader on the text, showing what is placed in front of and around the eye of the observer. The reader becomes aware of what influences his vision. The novel displays its internal structure and various thresholds, allowing the reader to continue or to stop reading, to go backwards and to create connections between the different sections of the text. The novel displays how it has been constructed, highlighting that it is the product of the rearrangement of previous texts. This visible internal structure is also built out of gaps and empty spaces. It reflects the tension between the ambition to be exhaustive, to contain everything and to acknowledge the difficulty to tell a story. The interplay with the blank space on the page, the use of punctuation and phonetic indicators reinforce the written aspect of the text, while at the same time making the words stand off the page and resistant to closure.

In 2011, home-video distribution company, The Criterion Collection, teamed up with streaming-content provider Hulu, extending their business model to include online streaming to subscribers through Hulu Plus. With the rise of Over-The-Top (OTT) media distribution services into the at-home market, the question that Criterion now faces is: how will the company survive as the market shifts away from Criterion’s established values? And, more pertinently, how does Criterion, by rebranding their image to compete in the streaming market, hope to attract new users without alienating their established fan base or sacrificing their brand identity? This thesis examines the Criterion Collection’s brand identity, business model, and history, focusing on its packaging and promotion, distribution channels (physical and streaming), and the formation of a self-established cinephile community through their website, Criterion.com. In my examination of Criterion’s attempts to branch out into new markets and adapt to alternative modes of media consumption, I argue that Criterion is taking strides to attract new audiences and build a tightly knit online fan community around their brand.

Le roman africain de la nouvelle génération s’élabore au carrefour des langues et des cultures. Dans son orientation théorique et paratextuelle, le discours romanesque de la nouvelle génération se résume en une « modernité universalisante », lieu de l’articulation dialectique entre l’africanité et la mondialisation. Le contexte idéologique de création de cette littérature et le questionnement identitaire nous amènent à considérer l’africanité comme une notion dynamique et la mondialisation littéraire comme une ouverture à la concurrence et à la légitimité littéraire. Le discours péritextuel, ce haut lieu de la lisibilité/visibilité, amorce les stratégies de cette altérité que le romancier développe largement dans l’énonciation textuelle. La reconfiguration de l’énonciation dégage les ressorts d’une écriture nouvelle marquée par une narration éclatée, une spatialité multiple et une innovation thématique. La transgression narrative s’intègre au rang des discours de la déconstruction caractéristique de la postmodernité et se donne à lire comme le reflet de l’être de l’entre-deux qu’est l’écrivain migrant comme d’ailleurs son protagoniste. L’espace dans lequel évolue ce dernier peut être interprété comme une transteritorialité dans laquelle se moule la création littéraire marquée du sceau de l’altérité et traduit la « transidentité » du personnage évoluant dans cet espace. La perspective thématique renforce cette idée de l’altérité mondiale structurant le récit africain contemporain. Elle s’engage dans la voie des mutations et des transgressions caractéristiques de la mise en relation de l’africanité et de la mondialisation comme lieu de l’écriture/lecture du roman contemporain. Le mode d’écriture nous offre un cadre linguistique et stylistique dans lequel se joue l’altérité africanité-mondialisation. Le romancier de la nouvelle génération retravaille la langue française à l’aide des ingrédients des langues et des cultures dans lesquelles il baigne. Cette manipulation linguistico-stylistique est rendue possible par le jeu interlinguistique et le registre humoristico-ironique qui produisent une esthétique du « risible » face aux défis de l’altérité. L’écrivain africain contemporain, décomplexé par ces manipulations linguistique et stylistique, exploite les ressources de l’oralité en vue de concilier la pluralité des formes d’expression et des pratiques langagières de son environnement. Cette stratégie d’écriture produit une esthétique de l’oraliture, celle-là même qui, tout en exaltant les vertus de l’écriture, recourt aux différents procédés offerts par l’oralité, versant de l’africanité du texte contemporain, pour marquer une opposition contre l’écriture et l’Occident qui l’incarne./The African novel by the new generation is made at the meeting point of languages and cultures. In its theoretical and paratextual orientation, the fiction discourse by the new generation can be summed up as a « universality-oriented modernity », a place of dialectic link between africanity and globalization. The ideological context of creation of this literature and the identity questioning bring us to consider africanity as a dynamic notion and the literary globalization as a way to competition and literary legitimacy. The peritextual discourse, which is a high place of readability/visibility, initiates the strategies of this otherness which the novelist develops largely in textual enunciation. Reshaping the enunciation shows the motivation of a new writing characterized by a breaking up narration, a multiple area coverage and a thematic innovation. Narrative transgression is integrated in the rank of discourses of deconstruction characterizing postmodernity. It is to be read as a reflection of the being in the space between, this is the migrant writer as well as his protagonist. The space in which the latter evolves can be interpreted as a transterritoriarity in which is moulded literary creation sealed by otherness and shows « transidentity » of the character evolving in that space. The thematic perspective reinforces this idea of global otherness structuring the African contemporary narration. It moves into mutations and transgressions characterizing the relationship between africanity and globalization as a place of writing/reading of contemporary novel. The writing mode gives us a linguistic and stylistic framework in which takes place the otherness africanity-globalization. The new generation novelist works on the French language he uses by means of ingredients of languages and cultures surrounding him. This linguistic and stylistic manipulation is made possible by an interlinguistic game and the humoristic and ironic register which produce aesthetics of the “funny” in front of otherness challenges. The contemporary African writer, encouraged by these linguistic and stylistic manipulations, exploits the oral ressources in order to reconcile the plurality of forms of expression and of language practices of his environment. This writing strategy produces aesthetics of orality, the one which, in addition to exalting the virtues of writing, has recourse to different procedures of orality, showing thus africanity of contemporary text, to mark an opposition against writing and the Western world which embodies it.

Bokomslaget är ofta läsarens första möte med en bok och det är därför viktigt att bokomslaget tilltalar och sänder ut rätt signaler till konsumenten. Målgruppen unga vuxna, individer mellan 16 och 27 år, är enligt bokbranschen en grupp som är svår att nå. Svårigheten kan ligga i att det finns en viss okunskap i vad unga vuxna tilltalas av på bokomslag. Det är även en bred målgrupp med många olika sorters individer. Målet med denna studie är att ge en bild av vad målgruppen unga vuxna tilltalas av i ett bokomslag. Vi ville ta reda på hur viktigt bokomslaget är för val av bok, samt hur målgruppen ser på omslagets specifika designfaktorer färg, typografi, illustration, fotografi och efterbehandling. För att ge oss en bild av dagens kunskapsläge har litteraturstudier och intervjuer med formgivare av bokomslag genomförts. Genom en omfattande enkätundersökning och utförda fokusgrupper fick vi fram målgruppens syn och tankar kring bokomslag. Fokusgrupper utfördes för att ge oss en djupare förståelse rörande hur målgruppen ser på bokomslag samt ge oss ett djupare resonemang kring de olika bokomslagen. Resultatet visar att unga vuxna lägger stor vikt vid identitet och ett bokomslag bör således sända tydliga signaler som kan bekräfta läsarens identitet. Typografin ska vara lättläst. Målgruppen ser helst fotografiska bilder på bokomslaget och omslaget ska förmedla en känsla av bokens innehåll. Färger i en dovare färgskala tilltalar unga vuxna, rött och svart tycks vara de populäraste färgerna överlag. Efterbehandlingen (t.ex. lackering och foliering) på ett bokomslag bör vara sparsam och användning av färgen rosa lika så. / The reader’s first encounter with a book is through its cover. Therefore it is important that the cover is appealing and sends out the right message. According to book publishers, young adults (individuals aged 16–27 years) are hard to reach because of a lack of knowledge about what attracts them and because of the group’s diversity. The objective of this study is to show what young adults are attracted by in book cover designs, using an extensive questionnaire survey and two focus groups investigating their perceptions. The results show that young adults argue that a book cover must relate to the potential reader and corresponds to the reader’s identity. The typography should be easy to read. Photographic images are preferred and should depict the contents of the book. Unsaturated colors appeal to the target group – red and black seem to be the most popular colors, while pink is not preferred. Special effects (like varnish and foil) should be used with caution.

Denna uppsats är en narratologisk analys av berättarstrukturen inom filmen Stranger than fiction. Uppsatsen inleder med en terminologi samt en teoridel kring vad som är berättarstruktur. Utifrån detta analyserar jag filmen för att grundläggande redogöra kring hur den är berättad genom att först beskriva filmens totala fabula för att sedan analysera vad som egentligen förmedlas och på så sätt även komma fram till en slutsats kring filmens totala berättarstruktur. Resultatet visar på att Stranger than fiction är berättad genom flertalet olika nivåer som visar på två olika berättare inom två olika diegeser som förmedlas genom samma berättare. Detta resultat leder till en tematisk diskussion ett postmodernt ontologiskt syfte som genom filmens komplicerade narratologiska struktur försöker förmedla budskapet ”lev det liv du vill ha” samt ”livet blir viktigt först när döden gör sig synlig.

Zugl.: Oslo, Univ., Diss., 2006

Paratexts to Non-Linear Media Texts: Paratextuality in Video Game Culture Jan Švelch Abstract The thesis explores paratextuality in the video game culture. This concept coined in 1982 by Gérard Genette in the context of literary publishing has been throughout the last thirty-five years adopted by other fields, including television and film studies, and game studies. However, the recent appropriations of the paratextual framework significantly deviate from its original conceptualization and cause terminological confusion. Still, paratextuality has the potential to provide a unique insight into cultural practices across various cultural industries, including video games. Figuratively described as a threshold, the concept of paratextuality deals with often overlooked elements of media ecosystems, such as promotional materials or instruction manuals. In the thesis, I present a thorough critical review of the current state of paratextual research. Due to its unsatisfactory state, I propose an updated paratextual framework, which builds on the theoretical foundations of textual transcendence. Its more practical dimensions then acknowledge the cultural specificities of the video game cultural industry. In the empirical part of the thesis, I focus on video game trailers and analyze both their formal qualities as...

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho busca analisar a estrutura narrativa da websÃrie "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries", considerando suas caracterÃsticas transmÃdiaticas e por se tratar de um produto de entretenimento adaptado. âThe Lizzie Bennet Diariesâ à uma websÃrie adaptada do romance britÃnico âOrgulho e Preconceitoâ, de Jane Austen, escrito no sÃculo XVII. Um estudo de narrativa a partir de pesquisas de ABBOTT (2009), CAMPOS (2016), STAM (2003), dentre outros, foi realizado para compreender as particularidades de cada elemento narrativo analisado e sua relaÃÃo com os paratextos, sob o olhar de GENETTE (2009), ALVARADO (1994) e GRAY (2010), encontrados em TLBD. Com o objetivo de verificar as funcionalidades dos paratextos na narrativa transmÃdia, concluÃmos que as relaÃÃes intertextuais dessa modalidade dentro da narrativa adaptada tÃm um carÃter essencial no qual o paratexto agrega ao processo transmÃdiatico da obra, tornando clara sua necessidade de acompanhar a narrativa, tanto em conteÃdo quanto em processos de divulgaÃÃo.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-29T14:05:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1753577 bytes, checksum: 5f732ca8289cff5bd4c7e70b9d263030 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:47:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1753577 bytes, checksum: 5f732ca8289cff5bd4c7e70b9d263030 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinaalvesmagaldi.pdf: 1753577 bytes, checksum: 5f732ca8289cff5bd4c7e70b9d263030 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Kalevala finlandesa e o Popol Vuh guatemalteco têm inúmeras e surpreendentes similaridades, bem como uma quantia equiparável de diferenças marcantes. Algumas questões, entretanto, ressaem sobre as outras: suas origens orais, transpostas para o universo escrito em momentos de crise; suas numerosas retraduções e os extensos prefácios, posfácios e introduções escritos por teóricos-tradutores especialistas nas obras, contendo informações sobre o texto-fonte e seu contexto, a respeito do processo de tradução, além de dados sobre os povos e territórios nos quais as narrativas se originaram. Tais paratextos se constituem como ―zonas de transação‖ (GENETTE, 2009), nos quais as negociações de sentido entre tradutores anteriores, versões atuais, editoras e universidades se tornam visíveis em meio ao fazer tradutório, movimentando as obras em seus polissistemas literários e culturais. O ingresso brasileiro neste processo é recente, com a tradução de Sérgio Medeiros para o Popol Vuh (Iluminuras, 2007) e de José Bizerril e Álvaro Faleiros para a Kalevala (Ateliê Editorial, 2009). Nessas edições brasileiras, os temas mais recorrentes nas versões internacionais também se fazem presentes, com destaque para a história e a tradução, saberes esses voltados ao passado, os quais contribuem sobremaneira para a construção do imaginário espacial. Detalhamos, portanto, as obras e seus paratextos para que possamos nos dedicar ao estudo da história e da tradução a partir dos eixos temporal e espacial, optando, sempre que possível, por contemplar teóricos que discorressem sobre ambos os saberes, em especial Walter Benjamin, Paul Ricoeur e Itamar Even-Zohar. Concluímos que a literatura e tradução são polissistemas, ou seja, conjuntos relacionais e hierárquicos em eterna construção de conexões, desenvolvidas e renovadas ao longo do tempo. Os paratextos, tão ―híbridos‖ quanto os textos que vêm a apresentar, são parte integrante das grandes negociações interculturais, políticas e literárias operadas pela tradução. Por esse motivo propomos a noção de prisma, de forma a oferecer uma possibilidade de interpretação que demonstrasse os discursos que atravessam a Kalevala e o Popol Vuh, e de que forma as obras se configuram tanto como bens simbólicos quanto como produtoras de sentido. / The Finnish Kalevala and the Guatemalan Popol Vuh have countless and surprising similarities, as well as a somewhat equal amount of remarkable differences. Some matters, however, must be highlighted: their oral origins, transfigured into a written world in moments of crisis; their numerous retranslations and the extensive prefaces, postfaces and introductions written by theorist-translators specialized on the books, containing information about the source-text and its context, the process of translation, besides data regarding the peoples and territories where the narratives originated. Such paratexts constitute ―zones of transaction‖ (GENETTE, 2009), in which negotiations of meaning between past translators, present versions, publishing houses and universities become visible amid the translating activity, moving the works in their literary and cultural polysystems. The Brazilian point on entry in this process is recent, with the translation of the Popol Vuh by Sérgio Medeiros (Iluminuras, 2007) e of the Kalevala by José Bizerril and Álvaro Faleiros (Ateliê Editorial, 2009). In these Brazilian editions, the most recurrent themes in the international versions are also made present, i.e., history and translation, both forms of knowledge facing the past, which contribute greatly to the construction of a concept of space. We detailed, therefore, the works and their paratexts so that we could, then, dedicate ourselves to the study of history and translation on the axes of time and space, choosing, whenever possible, to contemplate authors who discussed both fields, especially Walter Benjamin, Paul Ricoeur and Itamar Even-Zohar. We concluded that literature and translation are polysystems, that is, relational and hierarchical gatherings eternally building connections, developed and renewed as time passes. The paratexts, as hybrid as the texts they aim to present, are part of the great intercultural, political and literary negotiations operated by translation, which is the reason why we proposed the notion of the prism, so as to offer a possibility of interpretation that demonstrated the discourses run through the Kalevala and the Popol Vuh, and in which manner the works are configured both and symbolic goods and as producers of meaning.

Parce qu’elle se donne comme un discours ancillaire chargé d’actualiser le dialogue et de construire la représentation, parce qu’elle semble empiéter sur le terrain réservé du metteur en scène mais ne peut égaler la magie du spectacle, parce qu’elle n’est ni vraiment littéraire ni réellement scénique, la didascalie est longtemps restée le parent pauvre des études théâtrales. Depuis quelques années, elle fait l’objet d’un engouement relatif. D’une part, des études linguistiques décrivent le fonctionnement standard du discours didascalique en synchronie.D’autre part, des études critiques éclairent les poétiques didascaliques d’auteurs en s’intéressant particulièrement aux infractions par rapport à une pure fonctionnalité supposée.Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à dépasser cette approche clivée en fournissant une poétique générale de la didascalie et, afin de lui donner sens, poids et nuance, nous l’ancrons résolument dans l’histoire en nous fondant sur le théâtre du XXe siècle, de Villiers à Koltès, soit un XXe siècle élargi, solidement ancré dans le XIXe et les yeux déjà tournés vers le XXIe. C’est le moment où la didascalie se redéfinit du fait de l’avènement et de la prise de pouvoir du metteur en scène, le moment où elle sort spectaculairement de son ornière sans pour autant pouvoir ou vouloir se débarrasser totalement d’un fond utilitaire. Elle apparaît alors sans conteste comme une parole boitant "un pied dans le devoir, un pied dans le désir", une parole icarienne tendue entre des catégories théoriquement exclusives. Dans une première partie, nous posons le format du discours didascalique, son territoire,son fonctionnement énonciatif (c’est-à-dire la place exacte qu’il occupe dans la communication dramatique) et ses caractéristiques graphiques (ponctuation, typographie, mise en page). Dans une seconde partie, c’est la fabrique même de l’écriture didascalique qui est étudiée, c’est-à-dire sa tension constitutive entre le pacte qui la régit (clarté, économie) et sa fondamentale aspiration à devenir (devenir-spectacle, devenir-poème, devenir-roman…). / Because they seemingly have to make the dialog work as well as to construct theperformance, because they seem to encroach upon the director’s grounds and yet cannot level with the magic of the actual staging, because they are not a real piece of literature nor do they belong to the show, the stage directions have long been overlooked by theater studies. In the past few years, a mild interest has arisen. On the one hand, linguists describe in a synchronic fashion the generic features of this particular type of discourse. On the other hand, critics wish to seize the specificity of each author’s stage directions, with an emphasis on the breaches of their theoretical functional purity.In this thesis, we intend to go beyond this fragmented approach by offering an overall poetics of stage directions and, in order for it to carry meaning, weight and nuance, we choose to base it on history and, specifically, on XXth century theater, from Villiers to Koltès, an enlarged century, deeply rooted in the XIXth and already glancing at the XXIst. It is then that stage directions redefine themselves as a result of the advent of the director and his coming to power ;it is then that they spectacularly travel out of joint but appear, nonetheless, incapable or unwilling to get rid altogether of their fundamental usefulness. Unequivocally, they prove to be a form of speech limping “one foot in duty, on foot in desire”, an icarian discourse reconciling what is theoretically opposed.This study starts with the format of the stage directions, their territory, their enunciation (i.e. the exact role they play in the dramatic communication), their graphic characteristics (punctuation, typography, lay-out). Then, we investigate the very fabric of stage directions writing, the perpetual tension between the pact that rules them (clarity, economy) and a fundamental drive to become something else (to become stage, to become poem, to become novel…).