In South Africa, Science and Technology Education faces many problems. Insufficient numbers of Science and Technology teachers, inadequate in–service training, large classes, instruction with the aim of narrowly orienting students towards examination passes an insufficient integration of technology in the curriculum, and insufficient physical infrastructure dominates the list. The Department of Education envisages the use of ICT as a tool for learning and teaching. ICT has the potential to improve the quality of education and training. If adequate resources are available, and teachers have confidence in the usefulness of ICTs, then the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) may improve the teaching and learning of Mathematics and Science. A review of the literature indicated that the deployment of ICT resources alone will not bring about desirable pedagogical practices in the classroom. There exists a need for interventions that will enhance ICT pedagogical practices in South Africa. The following main research questions were formulated: What are the ICT pedagogic practices used by grade 8 Mathematics and Science teachers in South African classrooms? How do the barriers that grade 8 Mathematics and Science teachers encounter, as well as the support they receive, influence their pedagogical practices? What is the Principal’s role in promoting the emerging pedagogic practices using ICT in South African classrooms? This research comprises a secondary data analysis of the SITES 2006 South African data base. The population and sample for this study was based on the South African grade 8 Mathematics and Natural science teachers. In SITES 2006, the samples comprised more than 504 schools. Due to the fact that ICT is only significantly implemented in two out of nine provinces in South Africa, 25 strata were created to secure fair representation of the population with 666 Mathematics teachers and 622 Natural Science teachers. Bromfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Engeström’s Activity Theory was used to investigate Natural Science and Mathematics teachers’ progress in their ICT pedagogical practices through the time–frame 2004 to 2013, as stipulated in the South Africa’s White paper on e–Education policy. Statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to address the research and sub–questions. The study found that South African Mathematics and Natural Science teachers’ level of ICT use is small; when they do use ICT, it is enhanced 21st century pedagogic practices. This is in accordance with findings from the international literature study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

In South Africa, Science and Technology Education faces many problems. Insufficient numbers of Science and Technology teachers, inadequate in–service training, large classes, instruction with the aim of narrowly orienting students towards examination passes an insufficient integration of technology in the curriculum, and insufficient physical infrastructure dominates the list. The Department of Education envisages the use of ICT as a tool for learning and teaching. ICT has the potential to improve the quality of education and training. If adequate resources are available, and teachers have confidence in the usefulness of ICTs, then the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) may improve the teaching and learning of Mathematics and Science. A review of the literature indicated that the deployment of ICT resources alone will not bring about desirable pedagogical practices in the classroom. There exists a need for interventions that will enhance ICT pedagogical practices in South Africa. The following main research questions were formulated: What are the ICT pedagogic practices used by grade 8 Mathematics and Science teachers in South African classrooms? How do the barriers that grade 8 Mathematics and Science teachers encounter, as well as the support they receive, influence their pedagogical practices? What is the Principal’s role in promoting the emerging pedagogic practices using ICT in South African classrooms? This research comprises a secondary data analysis of the SITES 2006 South African data base. The population and sample for this study was based on the South African grade 8 Mathematics and Natural science teachers. In SITES 2006, the samples comprised more than 504 schools. Due to the fact that ICT is only significantly implemented in two out of nine provinces in South Africa, 25 strata were created to secure fair representation of the population with 666 Mathematics teachers and 622 Natural Science teachers. Bromfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Engeström’s Activity Theory was used to investigate Natural Science and Mathematics teachers’ progress in their ICT pedagogical practices through the time–frame 2004 to 2013, as stipulated in the South Africa’s White paper on e–Education policy. Statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to address the research and sub–questions. The study found that South African Mathematics and Natural Science teachers’ level of ICT use is small; when they do use ICT, it is enhanced 21st century pedagogic practices. This is in accordance with findings from the international literature study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

La presente tesis doctoral aborda los usos de se, su tratamiento en los diccionarios románicos actuales y su representación en un diccionario de aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera. Su objetivo principal es proponer un modelo de representación para verbos que muestren estos usos. Para ello, se atenderán los siguientes aspectos:  El estado de la cuestión tanto en los estudios de gramática (capítulo 2) como en los lexicográficos (capítulo 3).  La representación de los usos pronominales en los diccionarios románicos actuales, en concreto los de aprendizaje de segunda lengua (capítulo 4).  El análisis sistemático de los usos de se en el corpus, enfocado desde la perspectiva de la Theory of Norms and Exploitations y el Corpus Pattern Analysis de Hanks (2004) (capítulos 5 y 6).  La elaboración de un modelo de entrada lexicográfica verbal que contenga usos con se para un diccionario de ELE (capítulo 7). Los resultados de la tesis son principalmente la elaboración de una base de datos sobre verbos con usos pronominales (capítulo 6, SCPA) y de un prototipo de 20 entradas lexicográficas de los mismos verbos analizados con CPA (capítulo 7). / The present Ph.D. thesis studied the uses of the Spanish particle se, its treatment by current romance dictionaries and its representation in a dictionary for learners of Spanish as a foreign language. The main objective is to propose a model for the representation of the verbs that present the use of se. For this, the following aspects will be analysed:  The review of related work in grammar studies (chapter 2) as well as lexicography (chapter 3).  The representation of pronominal uses in the current romance dictionaries, particularly in those for learners of Spanish as a second language (chapter 4).  The systematic analysis of se in corpora from the perspective of Hanks’ (2004) theory of Norms and Exploitations and Corpus Patterns Analysis (chapter 5 and 6).  The elaboration of a model of a verbal lexical entry for a dictionary of Spanish as a second language containing uses of se (chapter 7). The results of the thesis are mainly the elaboration of a database on Spanish pronominal verbs (chapter 6, Spanish CPA) and of a prototype of 20 lexical entries with the same verbs analysed with CPA (chapter 7).

Over the past twenty years, the idea that planning and development practices should be ‘sustainable’ has become a key tenet of discourses characterising the field of planning and development. As part of the agenda to balance and integrate economic, environmental and social interests, democratic participatory governance arrangements are frequently purported to be necessary to achieve ‘sustainable development’ at both local and global levels. Despite the theoretical disjuncture between ideas of democratic civic participation, on the one hand, and civic participation as a means to achieve pre-determined sustainability goals on the other, notions of civic participation for sustainability have become integral features of sustainable development discourses. Underpinned by a conceptual and methodological intent to perform an epistemological ‘break’ with notions of civic participation for sustainability, this thesis explicates how citizens are enrolled in the sustainable development agenda in the discourse of policy. More specifically, it examines how assumptions about civic participation in sustainable development policy discourses operate, and unpacks some discursive strategies through which policy language ‘enrols’ citizens in the same set of assumptions around their normative requirement for participation in sustainable development. Focussing in on a case study sustainable development policy document – a draft regional plan representing a case of ‘enrolling the citizen in sustainability’ - it employs three sociological perspectives/methods that progressively highlight some of the ways that the policy language enjoins citizens as active participants in ‘sustainable’ regional planning. As a thesis-by-publication, the application of each perspective/method is reported in the form of an article prepared for publication in an academic journal. In a departure from common-sense understandings of civic participation for sustainability, the first article examines the governmentality of sustainable development policy. Specifically, this article explores how civic community – particularly community rights and responsibilities – are deployed in the policy discourse as techniques of government that shape and regulate the conduct of subjects. In this respect, rather than seeing civic community as a specific ‘thing’ and participation as corresponding to particular types of ‘activities’, this paper demonstrates how notions of civic participation are constructed and mobilised in the language of sustainable development policy in ways that facilitate government ‘at a distance’. The second article begs another kind of question of the policy – one concerned more specifically with how the everyday practices of subjects become aligned with the principles of sustainable development. This paper, therefore, investigates the role of pedagogy in establishing governance relations in which citizens are called to participate as part of the problematic of sustainability. The analysis suggests that viewing the case study policy in terms of relationships of informal pedagogy provided insights into the positioning of the citizen as an ‘acquirer’ of sustainability principles. In this instance, the pedagogic values of the text provide for low levels of discretion in how citizens could position themselves in the moral order of the discourse. This results in a strong injunction for citizens to subscribe to sustainability principles in a participatory spirit coupled with the requirement for citizens to delegate to the experts to carry out these principles. The third article represents a further breakdown of the ways in which citizens become enrolled in ‘sustainable’ regional planning within the language of the case study policy. Applying an ethnomethodological perspective, specifically Membership Categorization Analysis, this article examines the way ‘the citizen’ and ‘civic values and obligations’ are produced in the interactional context of the text. This study shows how the generation of a substantive moral order that ties the citizen to sustainable values and obligations with respect to the region, is underpinned by a normative morality associated with the production of orderliness in ‘text-in-interaction’. As such, it demonstrates how the production and positioning of ‘the citizen’ in relation to the institutional authors of the policy, and the region more generally, are practical accomplishments that orient the reader to identify him/herself as a ‘citizen’ and embrace the ‘civic values and obligations’ to which he/she is bound. Together, the different conceptual and methodological approaches applied in the thesis provide a more holistic picture of the different ways in which citizens are discursively enrolled in the sustainability agenda. At the substantive level, each analysis reveals a different dimension of how the active citizen is mobilised as a responsible agent for sustainable development. In this respect, civic participation for sustainability is actualised and reproduced through the realms of language, not necessarily through applied occasions of civic participation in the ‘taken-for-granted’ sense. Furthermore, at the conceptual and methodological level, the thesis makes a significant contribution to sociological inquiry into relationships of governance. Rather than residing within the boundaries of a specific sociological perspective, it shows how different approaches that would traditionally be applied in a mutually exclusive manner, can complement each other to advance understanding of how governance discourses operate. In this respect, it provides a rigorous conceptual and methodological platform for further investigations into how citizens become enrolled in programmes of government.

Nesta tese investigo o discurso pedagógico, a partir do corpus, constituído de textos produzidos por alunos da disciplina “Laboratório de Escrita”, ministrada em uma universidade pública rio-grandense, em um curso da área de ciências exatas, nos anos de 2002, 2003 e 2004. A problematização da relação entre a prática da escrita e a constituição das identidades dos sujeitos-alunos, enfocada na análise discursiva, estende-se à perspectiva identitária docente, mediante a teorização da experiência narrada e explicitação da posição assumida no discurso pedagógico. Busca-se aprofundar a reflexão do modo como o discurso pedagógico, especificamente no que se refere à produção textual, implica a consitituição de identidades. A pesquisa se situa nas áreas da Análise de Discurso e da Educação, apoiando-se na linha discursiva de M. Pêcheux, E. Orlandi e autores afins, buscando ainda subsídios nos estudos educacionais de origem foucaultiana e em outros autores. Com base no referencial discursivo, descrevo o discurso pedagógico como um discurso autoritário e homogeneizante, no qual, entretanto, pode irromper o gesto de interpretação do sujeito. A análise do corpus mostra os ecos do discurso pedagógico da referida disciplina na qual foram produzidos os textos, cujo propósito era dar condições aos alunos de realizarem deslocamentos de sentidos através da escrita. Na produção desses textos, os alunos assumiram diferentes posicionamentos, dando visibilidade à heterogeneidade do discurso e dos sujeitos. Na análise das seqüências discursivas compreendidas nos textos enfocados, foram evidenciados alguns efeitos de sentidos que indicam os modos como, no processo de textualização, o sujeito assume a posição-autor: ironia e incerteza; efeitos de fechamento do texto; efeitos de sentidos de concordância e de discordância nos posicionamentos discursivos; efeitos de sentido de jogo dos sentidos e jogo da língua. No movimento analítico entre descrição e interpretação, considero adjetivos, advérbios e pronomes como marcas lingüísticas, cujo funcionamento discursivo indica os posicionamentos dos alunos, as suas identificações e contra-identificações às memórias discursivas representadas nos textos. O corpus permite entrever ressonâncias do discurso pedagógico que assumiu a primazia no ensino da escrita, cuja característica é a ênfase nacorreção gramatical e ortográfica. Concluo que a escola pode ser perspectivada como espaço intervalar, lugar de interpretação. Este ponto de vista teórico considera a heterogeneidade do sujeito e do discurso e a língua como lugar do equívoco, condições necessárias para escrita como prática de autoria. / This work, based on the French theory of Discourse Analysis, investigates the relationships between pedagogic discourse and the written productions of graduate students, trying to identify the effects of written texts on the constitution of their identities. The corpus consists of texts written by students of a Course of Engineering of a public university of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a graduate course entitled “Laboratory of Writing”, during two years. The research is based on the works of Pêcheux (1990, 1993, 1995), Orlandi (1987, 1988, 1996, 2002a) and Foucault (2001, 2002) mainly. From this point of view, the pedagogic discourse is described as a authoritarian and homogeneous discourse which can be broken by “interpretation gestures” (ORLANDI, 1996).The analysis of the texts written by these students considered the presence of linguistic elements as adjectives, adverbs and pronouns, which, according to the linguistic theory, mark discursive positions taken by the students. The analysis gives visibility to interpretation process as a result of the pedagogic work developed in the activities of the course, which used to emphasize the production of meaning. It also gives visibility to interpretation and to identificatory processes emerging on the texts which I suppose is due to the pedagogic discourse of the “Laboratory of Writing”, which emphasized the practices of reading and writing as significant practices. From this point of view subjects and discourse are not homogeneous. I analyze the school practices of writing, the relations of power which characterize the actors of the pedagogic process, considering these relations can be transformed, being the school a place where the students can produce meanings and constitute their identities. I interpretate the textual and grammatical disorganization which can be perceived in a great number of texts written by students as “echos” of the dominant pedagogic discourse practiced in school, which mainly emphasizes the rules of grammar and the correct orthography. This research also intends, in a great extension, to theorize about the teaching of writing in school, starting from a point of view which considers the heterogeneity as being constitutive of subjects and of discourse.

A CPD model for the University of Technology lecturers is designed in this study. The focus of the CPD model is on teaching as a predominant feature of the Lecturers‟ functions. Literature review on the nature, historic developments and the mandate of former Technikons in South Africa is conducted. A comparative analysis of University of Technology education systems in five other countries is conducted. Research was then conducted to establish the status of Lecturers‟ CPD in former Technikons. Data obtained from literature and the research project was used to design a CPD model for University of Technology Lecturers. Interviews were subsequently conducted with CPD practitioners in Universities of Technology to obtain opinions on the model. A survey was conducted to obtain Lecturers‟ opinions on the aspects of the model. Data obtained was then used to modify the model. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die Bruinvrou in die onderwys het 'n besondere rol om te vertolk veral in die !ewe van die volwassewordende kind asook in die hele skoolopset. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om hierdie rol te bepaal. Tersaaklike gegewens is verkry deur middel van Iiteratuurstudie, die outobiografiese teks, onderhoude asook vraelyste. Deur die inligting bekom, is vasgestel dat die omstandighede waaronder 'n groot gedcelte van die Bruinonderwyseresse werk, nie altyd gunstig is nie. Baie Bruinlccrclcrs woon in sosio-ekonomiese agtergeblewe gebiede waar misdaad en bendebcdrywighedc aan die orde van die dag is. Waardestelsels, leefstyl van die subkultuur, onvoldoende materiele versorging en gebrekkige opvoeding veroorsaak steuringe in die leerders se ingesteldheid teenoor die skool. Haar vrouwees laat die onderwyseres baie empatie toon in haar opvoedingskommunikasie met die leerder. Sy poog om toereikend na sy behoeftes om te sicn. As medcganger help sy die leerder om elke mylpaal wat hy bereik, te beskou as die begin van 'n ander. Deur haar meelewendheid word veral die milieugestremde Bruinkind se menswaardigheid erken. Baie bruinleerders het aangedui dat onderwyseresse rolmodelle vir hulle is. Sommige onderwyseresse word verplig om jarelank dieselfde graad te onderrig. Aangesien hulle so 'n betekenisvolle rol in die volwassewording van die kind speel, is dit nodig dat hulle ervaring opdoen van die verskillende grade in die skool. Die vrou is baie veelsydig en het moontlikhede wat tocreikcnd aangewend kan word in al die fasette van die skoolopset. Sy kan '11 baie belangrike bydrae lewer in die organisasie en administrasie van die skool as sy die geleentheid gebied word. Haar ingesteldheid op die menslike en die belangrikheid van gesonde verhoudinge asook haar hoe pligsbesef dui daarop dat die onderwyseres by magte is om 'n uitstekende onderwysleier te wees. Nieteenstaande die feit dat onderwyseresse volgens statistieke oorverteenwoordig is in die onderwys, is hulle onderverteenwoordig in bestuursposte. Alhoewel die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid Afrika 1996, gebaseer is op die beginsels van gelykheid en menswaardigheid, is seksisme en diskriminasie op grond van geslag nog steeds ernstige struikelblokke vir die onderwyseres op haar weg na beter vooruitsigte in die onderwys. Aanbevelings vir praktykverbetering asook verdere navorsing is gemaak. / The Coloured woman in education has a particular role to play, especially in the life of the child growing towards adulthood as well as in the school in general. The aim of this investigation is to determine that role. Relevant information had been obtained by means of literary sources, autobiographical texts, interviews and questionnaires. Having obtained this information, it was established that the circumstances in which a large proportion of Coloured female educators work, are not always favourable. Many coloured learners live in socio-economic disadvantaged areas where crime and gangsterism prevail. Value systems, lifestyles of the subculture, inadequate material care and a serious lack of education are causing disruptions of learners' inclination towards the school. Being a woman enables the female educator to show considerable empathy in her pedagogic communication with the learners. She endeavours to sufficiently provide in their needs. As pedagogic accompanist she assists the learner to see every milestone that he/she achieves as the basis for another. Her involvement brings about an acknowledgement of the human dignity of the milieu-deprived Coloured child. Many coloured learners have indicated that their female educators are their role models. Some female educators are compelled to teach the same grade for years. Their significant role merits experience of teaching the various grades at school. Women are very versatile and have potential which can be utilized adequately in all the facets of the school situation. They can make very important contributions towards the organisation and administration of the school as a whole, given the opportunity. Their focus on human nature and the importance of sound relationships as well as their high sense of duty are indicative of the ability female educators have to become excellent leaders in education. They are nevertheless under-represented in educational management positions. Although the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, is based on the principles of equality and human dignity, sexism is still a stumbling block in the path of female educators. Recommendations for an improvement m educational practice as well as further research were made. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

Text in Afrikaans / Teen die agtergrond van toenemende gewelddadige gedrag binne die konteks van verskillende bevolkingsgroepe en gemeenskappe, is reeds ·heelwat navorsing ten opsigte van die aard en oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag onderneem. Aggressiwiteit as vorm van afwykende gedrag is nog nooit deur die onderskeie gemeenskappe in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika aanvaar nie. Die oorsake van aggressiwiteit word deur verskillende navorsers vanuit wydverspreide ooghoeke benader. Hoewel fisiologiese oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag nie deur die skrywer ontken word nie, word in hierdie studie die volwasse mens as verantwoordelike en verantwoordbare wese se motivering vir aggressiewe gedrag van naderby beskou. 'n Weldeurdagte literatuurstudie oor aggressiwiteit sowel as die basiese hunkeringe van die mens in die kontemporer-moderne wereld, het aan die lig gebring dat mense verskillend optree al sou hulle aan dieselfde samelewingseise blootgestel word. Ervaringsreste, veral ten opsigte van pedagogiese verhoudings, blyk 'n groat rol in die vorming van die selfbeeld sowel as belewing en hantering van krisissituasies te speel. Die mens staan nooit alleen in die wereld nie, maar is voortdurend in 'n verhouding betrokke. Die noodwendigheid van verhoudings raak horn as sosiale wese, en is ten nouste gekoppel aan belewing en beagting van die self. Defhalwe word die ervaring van verhoudings uit veral die kinderdae, of te wel pedagogiese verhoudings, as van deurslaggewende belang by die vorming van die selfbeeld beskou. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie is geverifieer by wyse van 'n idiografiese ondersoek. Gevangenes wat aggressiewe misdade gepleeg het, is op vrywillige basis by die navorsing betrek. Na aanleiding van genoemde bevindings is dit nodig geag om 'n gestandaardiseerde vraelys vir die meting van elkeen se selfbeeldstand in te skakel. Aanbevelings is geformuleer nadat insig uit navorsingsresultate ten aansien van die interafhanklikheid van pedagogiese verhoudings, selfbeeldvorming en aggressiwiteit, verkry is. Hierdie aanbevelings is veral gerig op steungewende, terapeutiese begeleiding van die aggressiewe oortreder sodat hy vaardighede kan aanleer waar~olgens hy lewenskrisisse kan begryp en hanteer. / Extensive research has already been undertaken in respect of the nature of aggression against the background of increasingly violent behaviour within different population groups and communities. Aggression as a form of deviant behaviour has never been accepted by the various communities in the Republic of South Africa. Researchers have investigated the causes of aggression from a wide range of perspectives. Although the author does not deny the existence of physiological causes of aggressive behaviour, this research focuses on the motivation for aggressive behaviour in the adult as responsible and accountable being. A thorough study of the literature concerning aggression as well as, the basic yearnings of man in the contemporary modern world, revealed a diversity in human behaviour even when people were confronted with the identical demands of society. Past experience, especially in connection with pedagogic relations, appears to have an important impact on not only the formation of the self-image but also how people experience and cope with crisis situations. Man is never in the world in isolation but is continuously involved in relationships. This essentiality of relationships affects him as a social being and is intimately a,ssociated with the experiencing and evaluation of the self. Experiences with relationships, especially in childhood, that is pedagogic relationships, are therefore, of cardinal importance in self-image formation. The findings of this research were verified by means of ideographic studies. Prisoners who had perpetrated violent crimes were included in this research on a voluntary basis. In accordance with the findings it was considered necessary to incorporate a standardized questionnaire to measure the state of the self-image of each prisoner. Recommendations were formulated after obtaining insight arising from research findings which focussed on the interdependence of pedagogic relationships, self-image formation and aggression. These recommendations are mainly directed at the supportive therapeutic guidance of the aggressive transgressor in order that he may acquire skills to understand and cope with the crises of life. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

CAMPANI, Adriana. A racionalidade pedagógica no processo de corporificação do currículo que forma o professor na universidade. 2007. 257f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-02T16:31:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Tese_ACampani.pdf: 1771351 bytes, checksum: d9e6e0aaf8ba6cfaabfccf1d827b17aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-20T16:01:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Tese_ACampani.pdf: 1771351 bytes, checksum: d9e6e0aaf8ba6cfaabfccf1d827b17aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-20T16:01:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Tese_ACampani.pdf: 1771351 bytes, checksum: d9e6e0aaf8ba6cfaabfccf1d827b17aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Apresentamos, nesse estudo, uma reflexão sobre a racionalidade pedagógica que produz a formação do professor na Universidade a partir de uma análise sobre o processo de corporificarão dos currículos das licenciaturas no contexto de reforma curricular da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, situada em Sobral-CE. Analisamos os elementos constituídores dessa racionalidade a partir das formas de subjetivação docente, produzidas pelo discurso pedagógico presente nas políticas de formação do professor nas licenciaturas no Brasil e no processo de corporificação dos currículos desses cursos no contexto de reforma curricular institucional. Defendemos a tese de que a racionalidade pedagógica produzida no processo de corporificarão dos currículos das licenciaturas na Universidade institui regras e modelos de ser e de conhecer do professor, é histórica, regionalizada e produzida no campo de luta e produção cultural; portanto, ela é uma epistemologia socialmente construída. Com base em nossos estudos teóricos, compreendemos que o discurso pedagógico sobre a formação do professor é uma prática que envolve poder-saber e técnicas de efeitos produtivos e práticos sobre os sujeitos e objetos. É um discurso que disputa formas de subjetividades e demarca diferenciações, presenças, exclusões, saberes e verdades acerca do como pensar, ser e agir do docente. Identificamos esses “dispositivos” no discurso oficial das Diretrizes Curriculares para formação de professores, que estipula regras de poder que normatiza verdades sobre os professores e sua existência e produzem formas de saberes que disputam modelos hegemônicos de subjetivação docente, cujo poder de regulação está no papel que o próprio docente passa a exercer quando sua competência é vinculada a desenvolver formas inventivas para o seu próprio aprisionamento. No entanto, a análise sobre a recontextualização desse discurso no contexto da prática de reforma curricular identificou campos discursivos de novas relações de saber-poder instituídas para resistir a essa regulação. Constatamos que as decisões curriculares nas licenciaturas da UVA foram frutos de relações conflituosas que disputaram território, identidade, autonomia e autoridade curricular com o conhecimento pedagógico na formação do professor e a racionalidade pedagógica produzida no processo de reforma emergiu das condições institucionais, a partir das quais houve interesse de mudança, mas também de regulação. Além disso, entende-se que o conhecimento corporificado no currículo é tanto o resultado de relações de poder quanto o constituidor das mesmas. A contribuição dessa pesquisa é fornecer elementos para compreender que a racionalidade pedagógica que forma o professor na universidade se estrutura em um processo arenoso de disputa de subjetividade docente.

FERNANDES, Gildasio Guedes. Avaliação ergonômica da interface humano computador de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. 2008. 280 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-04T16:33:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Tese_GGFernandes.pdf: 2483252 bytes, checksum: e50c35c99aee0a029fbf63172787f203 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-05T14:56:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Tese_GGFernandes.pdf: 2483252 bytes, checksum: e50c35c99aee0a029fbf63172787f203 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-05T14:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Tese_GGFernandes.pdf: 2483252 bytes, checksum: e50c35c99aee0a029fbf63172787f203 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The objective of this work is to develop a conceptual model in order to evaluate the human-computer interface (HCI) on a macro level. More specifically, it aims to evaluate the usability and functionality of virtual learning environments (VLE) for distance education (DE). Therefore, the specific objectives are: (1) to evaluate the usability of virtual educational environments used in distance education; (2) to analyze the functionality of educational virtual environments used for distance education; (3) to define appropriate parameters to build a conceptual model for the evaluation of educational virtual environment interfaces for distance education. The usability is originated from cognitive science and at the beginning of the 80’s decade, it started to be related to psychology and ergonomics areas. It includes five attributes which contribute for a good computational interface: easy learning, efficient use, easy memorization, low error levels and subjective satisfaction. On the other side, functionality does not depend only on the interface layer, but also on the program layers and on data base, which are in charge of the experts. The model’s construction was made based on a vast bibliographical review and on the general analysis of different computational environmental interfaces. In order to validate the proposed model, it was applied to three virtual learning environments (VLE): Moodle, Solar and e-ProInfo, using a checklist as a verification list. The first one contained 45 items addressed to education professionals. The second had 60 items applied to computational professionals with experience in distance education, and consequently, with knowledge about the usability principles of computational interfaces. The results show a remarkable advantage of Moodle environment among education professionals and Solar environment among computational professionals experienced in distance education. A clear rejection was observed for e-ProInfo among the two studied segments. Finally, the obtained data infer that, even though the proposed model is adequate to evaluate the VLE, it can be improved in order to be used by any higher education professional with experience on the application of digital technologies. / Avaliação ergonômica da interface humano- computador de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem 2008. 346 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Brasileira) – Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Fortaleza, 2008. Objetiva-se, em nível macro, desenvolver modelo conceitual para avaliar a interface humano-computador (IHC), especificamente, a usabilidade e a funcionalidade de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA) para educação a distância (EaD). A partir daí, são objetivos específicos: (1) avaliar a usabilidade de ambientes virtuais de educação empregados na educação a distância; (2) analisar a funcionalidade de ambientes virtuais de educação utilizados em educação a distância; (3) levantar parâmetros para construir modelo conceitual de avaliação de interfaces de ambientes virtuais de educação para educação a distância. Em relação à usabilidade, vários atributos foram estudados na interface computacional, destacando-se facilidade de aprendizagem, eficiência de uso, facilidade de memorização, baixas taxas de erro e satisfação subjetiva. A funcionalidade, que engloba as camadas de programação e da base de dados foi estudada levando em consideração a consistência dos dados produzidos no ambiente e a facilidade de adequação à tarefa das principais funções, com ênfase nos mecanismos de comunicação, de coordenação, de interação e de administração de cursos. Para a construção do modelo, recorremos à ampla revisão bibliográfica e à análise geral da interface de diferentes ambientes computacionais. O modelo inicial contém dois módulos. O primeiro, com 09 critérios e 45 atributos, destinado a profissionais da área de educação. O segundo módulo com 12 critérios e 60 atributos, aplicado a profissionais da área de computação com prática em atividades em EaD com conhecimento sobre os princípios de usabilidade de interfaces computacionais. No momento de sua validação, o aplicamos em três AVA: Moodle, Solar e e-ProInfo, utilizando como lista de verificação a modalidade cheklist. Dentre os muitos resultados obtidos, chama a atenção a significativa vantagem para o Moodle, quando da avaliação dos três ambientes junto aos profissionais educadores, e do Solar, no caso dos profissionais de computação com militância na área de EaD, com nítida rejeição dos dois segmentos estudados ante o e-ProInfo. Por fim, os dados obtidos e discutidos permitem inferir que, o modelo aplicado poderia ser refinado, o que foi feito. O modelo refinado proposto, baseado na análise dos dados da pesquisa e nas observações subjetivas dos agentes pesquisados contém dois módulos cada um com 10 critérios e 50 atributos.