[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal estudar o modo como se relacionam, no profeta Malaquias, a crise do sacerdócio, descrita de modo particular em 2,1-9, e a perspectiva escatológica apresentada em 2,17 - 3,5. A pesquisa considera que, embora em 2,1-9 prevaleça o discurso de juízo sobre os sacerdotes faltosos, no v. 4 é delineada uma perspectiva salvífica. Tal perspectiva é desenvolvida em 2,17 - 3,5, onde o tema da purificação do sacerdócio e do restabelecimento do culto domina a maior parte do texto (cf. 3,2-4). Para o estudo das unidades textuais seguiu-se o Método Histórico Crítico nas suas etapas essenciais, conjugando-o, de modo particular no comentário aos textos, com a análise sincrônica, considerando-se cada uma das perícopes na sua forma final e canônica. Com relação a 2,17 - 3,5 procurou-se identificar os elementos que permitem caracterizar este texto como escatológico e delinear suas perspectivas principais. O estudo conjunto das perícopes demonstrou que, em Malaquias, o juízo previsto em 2,1-9 é revertido a partir da perspectiva escatológica apresentada em 2,17 - 3,5. Uma vez que os sacerdotes são os ministros do culto e este é a manifestação da dimensão propriamente religiosa da relação de Deus com seu povo, YHWH mesmo agirá, em primeiro lugar por meio de seu mensageiro, purificando os sacerdotes e restabelecendo o culto na sua integridade e, depois, atuando como testemunha contra os que não o temem. / [en] The aim of this research is to study how the prophet Malachi relates the priesthood crisis, described in particular in 2:1-9, with the eschatological perspective presented in 2:17 - 3:5. The research considers that while in 2:1-9 the judgmental discourse on the faulty priests prevails, in v. 4 is outlined a salvific perspective. This perspective is developed in 2:17 - 3:5, where the theme of priesthood purification and the reestablishment of worship dominates most of the text (cf. 3:2-4). For the study of the textual units, was followed the Critical Historical Method in its essential stages, combining it, particularly in the commentary on the texts, with the synchronic analysis, considering each of the pericopes in its final and canonical form. With respect to 2:17 - 3:5 it was tried to identify the elements that allow characterizing this text as eschatological and delineating its main perspectives. The joint study of the pericopes has shown that in Malachi the judgment predicted in 2:1-9 is reversed from the eschatological perspective presented in 2:17 – 3:5. Since the priests are the ministers of worship and this is the manifestation of the properly religious dimension of God s relationship with his people, YHWH himself will firstly act through his messenger, purifying the same priests and restoring the integrity of the worship, and so he will act as a witness against those who do not fear him.

This autoethnography tells the story of my faith journey with a special focus on my years as a Catholic seminarian and the change towards embarking on a career as a clinical psychologist. Pertinent childhood experiences are also shared to contextualise my story. The narrative, “Wrestling Heart”, is the centre and the produced data of this autoethnography. As an “evocative” narrative, it independently seeks to fulfil many of the goals of an autoethnography, such as being therapeutic for both writer and readers, and imbuing culture with critical thinking. The sharing of the narrative is augmented with a thematic analysis of it and Carl Rogers’ Person-Centred Approach is mainly used to comprehend the gleaned themes. The movement towards a comprehension of my experience is consistent with the philosophical foundation of this study: phenomenology. It is envisaged that the utility of this study lies primarily in its interrogation of the relationship between religion and mental health, its in-depth depiction of an individual grappling with their faith in relation to mental health, and the way in which the writing of this autoethnography therapeutically fostered greater congruence for me the writer, as I prepare to work as a clinical psychologist. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Les prêtres sont une partie indissociable de l’organisation et du fonctionnement de la société égyptienne. Parmi eux les prophètes avaient une grande importance dans le clergé égyptien. Leur étude nous permet non seulement une meilleure compréhension du sacerdoce égyptien, mais aussi une meilleure connaissance de la religion égyptienne. Concentrée sur l’époque thinite et l’Ancien Empire, notre recherche a fait l’examen exhaustif des titulaires des prêtrises divines afin de comprendre les mécanismes de l’obtention de celle-ci et les fonctions déléguées aux prophètes. L’examen de sources nous a parmi d’attester une relation entre fonction civile et prêtrise divine qui est étudiée en détail. Nous discuterons la chronologie des prêtrises, les divinités concernées et la nature de ses titulaires. Nous interrogeons sur l’obtention et la transmission de la prêtrise divine. Enfin, nous poserons la question sur les lieux d’exercice de la fonction sacerdotale, ainsi que sur ce que celle-ci devait être. / The priests were an inseparable part of the organisation and functioning of the Egyptian society. Among them the prophets were one of the most important for the Egyptian clergy. The study of them allows us not only a better comprehension ofthe Egyptian priesthood but also a better knowledge of the Egyptian religion. Focused on the Early dynastic period and the Old Kingdom our research examinedthe holders of the divine priesthoods in order to understand the ways of having andobtaining it. The study of the sources allowed us to attest a relation between the civil service and the divine priesthood. We discussed the priesthood’s chronology, the mentioned gods and its holders. We question about its obtainment and transmission. At last, we focused on finding the place of exercise of the priesthood and its significance.

Customary land ownership, recording and registration are complex issues in the Solomon Islands. At present, 87% of the land is held under customary laws. Almost all (some 99%) of the land held under customary law is not surveyed, recorded or registered to the tribes. Customary land disputes have been inhibiting rural development initiatives, which is partly responsible for the ill-being of the people. The Family Tree Approach (FTA) is a process being used within the To'abaita region of the Malaita Province to help address problems in the dilemmas of land ownership, land disputes, land recording, land registration and rural development in land held under customary laws in To’abaita. The FTA is a blend of indigenous epistemology, modern practices and Christian principles. Indigenously, the tribes identify with their land by tracing their origins through genealogies, historical narrations, tribal epics and chants, shrines and properties. Rev. Michael Maelia’u, a Church Minister and a former Parliamentarian, promotes the FTA. The FTA has four pillars (principles) – recognition, reconciliation, recording and registration – which are covered within five sequential phases. For instance, recognition is done in phase one of the process, enabling all members of a tribe to recognize each other. Reconciliation is part of the process, promoting forgiveness and acceptance of tribal members. Recording is an important pillar of the FTA, as its role is to produce documents that will be accepted by the law. Research results show that land registration is also a pillar of the FTA; once customary land is registered to the tribes, land disputes will be resolved, thereby enabling sustainable rural development that improves the people’s well-being. The FTA, however, is currently not formally recognized in the country. It has been used by 12 of approximately 20 tribes within the To'abaita region. Some of the To'abaita tribes have not adopted the FTA for various reasons. The FTA has enabled the disintegrated generations to recognize or identify with one another. It enables public recognition of existing tribes, tribal genealogies, tribal tales, tribal epics, the tribal iii shrines, and the tribal land. Reconciliation has been carried out at both intertribal and intra-tribal levels. The FTA enables identification of people who are residing on land and utilizing resources they do not have a right to. It makes people aware of their roots or the land of their origin, which would then lead to reduced land disputes that constrained development initiatives and the well-being of the people. The results, however, indicated that the FTA has problems either in the approach itself or in its management. It is incapable of achieving its objectives (reducing land disputes, enable rural development, enable tribal land registration, and resettling land that was wrongly acquired). People have split perception of the FTA and the legislation; this therefore reduces potential motivation that is needed to advance the approach. Results of the research also indicated that no proper and serious documentation has been done, despite knowing that it is one of the pillars. In To'abaita, gender and culture are contributing issues, which cause difficulties to the FTA. Also, the FTA lacked financial support. Those that have experience with the FTA believe that the FTA objectives need to be made known to promote motivation to the illiterate people of To'abaita. Adequate communication of issues to improve the FTA is essential. Forming a committee that oversees the design and management of the FTA is necessary for its improvement, and adequate financial support will bring the FTA forward. Chief empowerment by the legislation is essential to enable the FTA to achieve its objectives in the future.

The principle purpose of the study was to investigate the role of women in the mission and ministry of The Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (LCSA). The researcher raised the question of why women are viewed as inferior within the LCSA, and whether this is Biblically supported. I investigated the distinction between men and women with regard to the church culture, tradition, pastoral office, priesthood, and authority within the LCSA. As a general theoretical framework, I used two theories in church mission: (1) The unity of the Church and apostolic practice as propounded by Schenk in 1983. (2) Paradigm shifts in theology: mission as ministry by the whole people of God as propounded by Bosch in 1991. These theories explain the mission of proclaiming the Gospel of God as belonging to everyone (both male and female) as His servants in the Church. To obtain people’s views and interpretations of Scriptures, culture, church practice, and the social reality of women’s roles in the LCSA, focus-group and individual interviews were used to gather qualitative data from 525 respondents. The data was collected and analyzed using the descriptive qualitative research approach. Based on the research findings in Chapter 2 (pages 37-42), Chapter 6 (page140) presents proposals for the involvement of women in the LCSA. The findings show that participants were concerned about the topic and those women’s rights and voices are not yet acknowledged in many societies in Southern Africa. However, the scope of the study is limited to the LCSA, and its findings cannot be generalized. Valuable insights were gained into the church’s traditional construction of women’s roles in the LCSA, not allowing women to preach the Gospel and to administer the Sacraments in the Church mission work. From a missiological study perspective, the researcher recommended that women should be allowed to participate fully in the Church mission work. Therefore, the Involvement of Women in Mission in LCSA was an important dissertation research topic, affecting women in Southern Africa particularly, and potentially, in the African continent at large. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

This survey has examined the work motivation among priests in the Church of Sweden (Svenska kyrkan). This report is based on a theory developed by Lars Ivarsson who distinguishes intrinsic motivation from extrinsic motivation associated with work. The survey is also based on a theory named Social categorization theory which is connected to confirmation of identity and work motivation. The survey has used a quantitative survey method to collect research data and a thematic analysis to analyze the collected data. The source material collected in the survey included answers from 40 priests who each answered 14 questions regarding their work motivation, lack thereof and calling. The result in this survey has argued that intrinsic work motivation is the dominant motivation in relation to extrinsic motivation, to choose priesthood as occupation. The most common motive to choose priesthood as occupation was argued by the respondents to be something defined as calling. Work environment and organizational issues was regarded as the biggest factors to reduce work motivation among priests in the survey. Calling was also discussed by the respondents in many parts of the survey as something exclusive to the occupation as priest.

The thesis " Ministerial Priesthood as the Assisting Profession" introduces, in the first part, the general view of the assisting profession as a process having its input, stages, output and anticipated target. It shows the connection and similarity to other assisting professions associated with various difficulties and experience that may be beneficial for priesthood. The assistance provided using the means of the priesthood is perceived as a therapeutical process, the result of which shall be sanation - however, the debt is not understood to be an illness, but a sin, the sanation of which leads to redemption. The second part is focused on the specificity of the ministerial priesthood, while tracing it in the theology of the Gospel according to John, as well as in the historical context of the Czech territory, searching for similarities and differences of priesthood compared to other assisting professions. Keywords assisting profession, process, input / output, difficulty, crisis stage, psychotherapy, guilt, sin, therapy, priesthood, targets, re/sources,

Le récit de création de Genèse 1,1–2,4a – récit d’introduction de la Bible hébraïque – n’a jamais cessé d’animer et de stimuler les esprits et a laissé une forte empreinte sur la culture populaire. En effet, malgré son histoire millénaire et sa pluie de commentaires, ce récit continue, encore de nos jours, à susciter des discussions et des débats sur des enjeux toujours plus pointus et complexes. Dans la foulée, l’objectif général de ce mémoire est de dégager et d’examiner une des dimensions moins explorées de ce récit, à savoir ses vestiges de royauté (divine) et, par extension, leur possible reconfiguration sacerdotale à la période postexilique. Pour y parvenir, des méthodes littéraires et historiques, notamment l’analyse narrative et l’histoire comparée, seront mises à profit tout au long du mémoire. Il s’agira, d’abord, d’investiguer la caractérisation du roi YHWH dans certains psaumes (Ps 47; 74; 89; 104). Ces premiers éléments de l’étude serviront de comparatif pour la suite de l’enquête. Je procéderai par la suite à l’excavation de traces de la royauté divine en Genèse 1, le récit phare de ce mémoire. Finalement, les deux derniers chapitres me permettront d’insister, d’une part, sur la contextualisation historique postexilique de cet écrit, en particulier l’influence sacerdotale, et d’autre part, de dégager les principaux éléments de la caractérisation « royale » d’Elohim en Gn 1, en soulignant toute l’originalité de leur configuration sacerdotale par rapport aux Psaumes. / The creation story of Genesis 1.1–2.4a – the introductory story of the Hebrew Bible – has never ceased to captivate and thus left a strong imprint on popular culture. Despite its millennial history and its multitude of commentaries, this story continues, even today, to spark discussions and debates on ever more specific and complex issues. The general objective of this dissertation is to examine a rarely explored dimension of this narrative, namely the traces of (divine) kingship found in its midst and the potential priestly reconfiguration of this royal dimension in the postexilic period. To do so, literary and historical methods, including narrative criticism and comparative history, will be used throughout the dissertation. First, I will investigate the characterization of king YHWH in various psalms (Ps 47; 74; 89; 104). The rest of the investigation will build on these first steps of the study. I will then proceed to excavate traces and remains of divine kingship in Genesis 1. The last two chapters will allow me, on the one hand, to address the historical context of this text, in the post-exilic period, as well as the important priestly influence on Gen 1; on the other, to identify the main elements of the "royal" characterization of Elohim in Gen 1 while highlighting and acknowledging their priestly revitalization when compared to the Psalms.

German text / Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Bedeutung des Allgemeinen Priestertums im missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau. Leitend ist dabei die Frage, inwieweit die Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums ein Wachstumsfaktor für Gemeinden darstellt. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit einer biblisch fundierten Definition des Gemeindewachstums. Darauf aufbauend folgt eine Erläuterung der Typologie des Gemeindewachstums sowie eine Darstellung der primären Wachstumsfaktoren und ihrer Zusammenhänge. Im Anschluss wird auf der Grundlage der biblischen Begründung sowie des Forschungsstandes ein ekklesiologisches Konzept des Allgemeinen Priestertums entworfen. Ausgewählte Schwerpunkte der kirchengeschichtlichen Entwicklung vertiefen die dogmatischen und praktischen Erkenntnisse zur Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums. Die biblische Begründung des Allgemeinen Priestertums bildet im weiteren Forschungsverlauf die Grundlage zur Entwicklung einer quantitativen Umfrage. Unter Verwendung des eigens erstellten Fragebogens wird die Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums in der Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick sowie in der Ev. Kirchengemeinde Bernhausen vergleichend und hypothesenprüfend untersucht. Auf der Basis der quantitativen Ergebnisse folgt mit Hilfe von unterschiedlichen Leitfadeninterviews eine qualitative Umfrage in der Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick. Die Analyse der qualitativen Studie erfolgt durch die Anwendung der Grounded Theory hypothesengenerierend. Schließlich wird das empirische Gesamtergebnis dem ekklesiologischen Konzept des Allgemeinen Priestertums gegenübergestellt, um individuelle Handlungsanweisungen für den Glaubenden sowie Strukturprinzipien für den Gemeindeaufbau zu begründen. Die Doktorarbeit (Thesis) leistet damit einen empirischen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Allgemeinen Priestertums als Grundfrage eines missionarischen Gemeindeaufbaus. Die Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick dient dabei als Modell einer wachstumsorientierten Gemeindearbeit. / The present work deals with the meaning of the priesthood of all believers in missionary church development. The leading question is: To what extent is the development of the priesthood of all believers a factor of growth in the work of a given congregation? The study begins with a biblical definition of church growth. From this starting point, the types of church growth are discussed and key growth factors and their context are elucidated. On the basis of this biblical foundation and drawing on current research, an ecclesiological concept for the priesthood of all believers will then be formulated. Selected key factors in the historic development of the church will serve to underpin the dogmatic and empirical findings pertaining to the realisation of the priesthood of all believers. The biblical foundation of the priesthood of all believers forms the basis of the development of a quantitative survey which will be done during the course of the study. Using a specially designed questionnaire, the praxis of the priesthood of all believers in the evangelical congregation of Schönblick as well as in the church of Bernhausen is examined, compared, and the hypothesis is tested. On the basis of the quantitative results a qualitative survey of the evangelical congregation of Schönblick is conducted with the help of various guided interviews. The analysis of the qualitative study is done using the Grounded Theory in a way that generates a hypothesis. Finally, the overall empirical result is put in juxtaposition to the ecclesiological concept of the priesthood of all believers in order to establish reasons for individual instructions of the believers as well as structural principles for the congregation. The doctoral thesis provides an empirical contribution to the understanding of the priesthood of all believers as a foundation of church growth. The evangelical congregation of Schönblick serves as a model of a church oriented towards growth. / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

German text / Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Bedeutung des Allgemeinen Priestertums im missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau. Leitend ist dabei die Frage, inwieweit die Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums ein Wachstumsfaktor für Gemeinden darstellt. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit einer biblisch fundierten Definition des Gemeindewachstums. Darauf aufbauend folgt eine Erläuterung der Typologie des Gemeindewachstums sowie eine Darstellung der primären Wachstumsfaktoren und ihrer Zusammenhänge. Im Anschluss wird auf der Grundlage der biblischen Begründung sowie des Forschungsstandes ein ekklesiologisches Konzept des Allgemeinen Priestertums entworfen. Ausgewählte Schwerpunkte der kirchengeschichtlichen Entwicklung vertiefen die dogmatischen und praktischen Erkenntnisse zur Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums. Die biblische Begründung des Allgemeinen Priestertums bildet im weiteren Forschungsverlauf die Grundlage zur Entwicklung einer quantitativen Umfrage. Unter Verwendung des eigens erstellten Fragebogens wird die Verwirklichung des Allgemeinen Priestertums in der Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick sowie in der Ev. Kirchengemeinde Bernhausen vergleichend und hypothesenprüfend untersucht. Auf der Basis der quantitativen Ergebnisse folgt mit Hilfe von unterschiedlichen Leitfadeninterviews eine qualitative Umfrage in der Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick. Die Analyse der qualitativen Studie erfolgt durch die Anwendung der Grounded Theory hypothesengenerierend. Schließlich wird das empirische Gesamtergebnis dem ekklesiologischen Konzept des Allgemeinen Priestertums gegenübergestellt, um individuelle Handlungsanweisungen für den Glaubenden sowie Strukturprinzipien für den Gemeindeaufbau zu begründen. Die Doktorarbeit (Thesis) leistet damit einen empirischen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Allgemeinen Priestertums als Grundfrage eines missionarischen Gemeindeaufbaus. Die Ev. Gemeinde Schönblick dient dabei als Modell einer wachstumsorientierten Gemeindearbeit. / The present work deals with the meaning of the priesthood of all believers in missionary church development. The leading question is: To what extent is the development of the priesthood of all believers a factor of growth in the work of a given congregation? The study begins with a biblical definition of church growth. From this starting point, the types of church growth are discussed and key growth factors and their context are elucidated. On the basis of this biblical foundation and drawing on current research, an ecclesiological concept for the priesthood of all believers will then be formulated. Selected key factors in the historic development of the church will serve to underpin the dogmatic and empirical findings pertaining to the realisation of the priesthood of all believers. The biblical foundation of the priesthood of all believers forms the basis of the development of a quantitative survey which will be done during the course of the study. Using a specially designed questionnaire, the praxis of the priesthood of all believers in the evangelical congregation of Schönblick as well as in the church of Bernhausen is examined, compared, and the hypothesis is tested. On the basis of the quantitative results a qualitative survey of the evangelical congregation of Schönblick is conducted with the help of various guided interviews. The analysis of the qualitative study is done using the Grounded Theory in a way that generates a hypothesis. Finally, the overall empirical result is put in juxtaposition to the ecclesiological concept of the priesthood of all believers in order to establish reasons for individual instructions of the believers as well as structural principles for the congregation. The doctoral thesis provides an empirical contribution to the understanding of the priesthood of all believers as a foundation of church growth. The evangelical congregation of Schönblick serves as a model of a church oriented towards growth. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)