Alors que l'adoption de la loi n°15/96 sur la décentralisation marquait l'ambition duGabon de mettre en place un véritable processus d'autonomisation de la gestion des collectivités territoriales, sa mise en oeuvre n'a, à ce jour, pas encore donné sa pleine mesure.Bien au contraire, la décentralisation au Gabon paraît bloquée, voire dans l'impasse. Et c'est essentiellement à la tentative d'explication de cette impasse et à l'évaluation des moyens de redynamisation de ce processus que cette étude a entendu se consacrer.Ayant relevé que les difficultés rencontrées dans l'approfondissement de ce processus de décentralisation sont de plusieurs ordres, c'est-à-dire à la fois juridiques, structurelles, socio-économiques et politiques, elle constate qu'une véritable redynamisation de celle-ci est fortement soumise à une refonte totale de ses différents aspects : transfert des compétences, pouvoir de tutelle, mode de financement des collectivités locales, etc...Pour autant, elle débouche sur une interrogation centrale. Celle de savoir si finalement l'avenir de la décentralisation au Gabon réside nécessairement dans son approfondissement. Autrement dit, au regard des difficultés observées, n'y a-t-il pas lieu de revenir sur l'ensemble du processus et de s'interroger sur sa faisabilité réelle et sur sa nécessité ? / While the adoption of law 15/96 on the decentralization marked the ambition ofGabon to establish a genuine process of empowerment ok local government management its implementation has, to date, no yet reached its full potential. On the contrary, decentralization in Gabon appears blocked or stalled. And this is essentially the attempt to explain this impasse and to evaluate the means of revitalizing the process that this thesis will concentrate heard.Having noted that the difficulties in deepening the decentralization process aremanifold, that is to say at once legal, structural, socio economic and political, it finds that a genuine revival oh that is highly subject to a complete overhaul of its various aspects: transferring skills, supervisory power, mode of financing local government, etc...However, it leads to a central question. Whether ultimately the future ofdecentralization in Gabon is necessarily in their depth. In other words, given the difficulties observed, there does not need to repeat the whole processus and question its feasibility and its actual need?

Le processus de mondialisation crée dans son sillage des territoires émergents s’affranchissant des politiques étatiques et régionales. La manière dont ces territoires se mettent en scène, se créent une image, est primordiale tant pour leur légitimité auprès des populations que pour la médiatisation de leurs actions. La Grande Région, espace de coopération d’initiative européenne, est un territoire cosmopolite en quête d’identité qui à travers l’événement «Luxembourg et Grande Région Capitale européenne de la culture 2007» a cherché à se construire, se penser, et se structurer au moyen d’une identité stratégique visant une «victoire identitaire». Cette stratégie a produit un ensemble d’actions coordonnées en vue de créer une politique culturelle commune d’un territoire émergent transfrontalier dont les enjeux, les procédures et les effets sur le long terme sont l’objet de la recherche. De l’enrôlement du réseau par les instances politiques centrales à la mobilisation différenciée des entités de la Grande Région, en passant par l’analyse des publics culturels transfrontaliers imaginés et l’externalisation de la mise en œuvre du dispositif communicationnel auprès des agences de conseil en communication, nous appréhendons l’intégration de l’altérité dans un projet commun à travers son dispositif communicationnel grâce à l’analyse des controverses nées au sein du réseau. L’étude de la pérennisation de l’événement «Luxembourg et Grande Région capitale européenne de la culture 2007», à travers la structure Espace Culturel Grande Région, permet de saisir la stabilisation des contextes d’interactions et de mener une réflexion sur les nouvelles approches d’intégration de l’altérité dans un projet commun au prisme de la notion de «coopétition». À l’heure où la conception de l’altérité et son intégration au sein d’imaginaires collectifs sont des enjeux primordiaux, cette analyse propose de comprendre les actions de co-construction identitaires au sein d’un territoire marqué par des frontières physiques et imaginées et les rapports de force qui en découlent. / The globalisation process brings about emerging territories which free themselves from the state or regional policies. The way these territories put on a performance, create themselves an image is essential as much for their legitimacy towards the populations as for the media coverage of their actions. The Greater Region, a cooperation space initiated by Europe, is a cosmopolitan territory looking for identity which, through the event called “Luxembourg and the Greater Region European culture capital 2007” tried to build itself, think itself and structure itself with a strategic identity aiming at an “identity victory”. This strategy had led to a series of coordinated actions whose aim was to create a common cultural policy of a cross-border emerging territory whose stakes, procedures and long-term effects are the object of study. From the enrolling of the network by central political authorities to the differentiated mobilizing of the entities of the Greater Region, including the analysis of the imagined cross-border cultural audiences and externalizing the settlement of the communicational package towards the communication agencies, we apprehend the integration of alterity in a common project through its communicational presence by analyzing the controversies inside this network. The study of how to make the event “Luxembourg and the Greater Region European culture capital 2007” durable through the structure called Cultural Space Greater Region enables to understand how interaction contexts stabilize and to think about the new approaches to the integration of alterity in a common project by using the notion of “coopetition”. At a time when the conception of alterity and its integration inside collective imagination are vital stakes, this analysis offers to understand the actions of identity co-building inside a territory marked by physical and imagined borders and by power struggles which derive from it.

Ce travail de recherche en sciences de l'information et de la communication aborde d'un point de vue communicationnel et sociologique les pratiques cinématographiques des étudiants en s'appuyant sur l'exemple des étudiants de l'Université d'Avignon. Alors que le cinéma est la première pratique culturelle des étudiants, ce travail interroge, dans une première partie, la place de l'université dans les pratiques culturelles et la manière dont les étudiants construisent leur identité culturelle et cinématographique. À partir d'observations menées à l'Université d'Avignon, d'une enquête quantitative et d'entretiens réalisés auprès d'étudiants, notre recherche aborde la manière dont s'articule le rapport au cinéma en tant que pratique de sortie et les prolongations de celle-ci par les apports des technologies numériques. La seconde partie de cette thèse envisage le glissement depuis la salle de cinéma vers une pratique cinématographique mobile. Les manières d'appréhender le septième art sont aujourd'hui multiples et participent à la construction d'une culture cinématographique étudiante. À travers ce travail, nous abordons les différentes modalités de réception ainsi que la manière dont elles s'ancrent, par le biais des outils numériques, dans la pratique cinématographique, faisant de l'étudiant un spectateur aux multiples figures. / This research in communication and information sciences area, discusses the students’ film practices with a communicational and sociological approach. This case study is focusing on the students of the University of Avignon. While going to the movies is the first cultural practice of students, the first part of this work aims the universities position in the cultural practices. It discusses the construction the student’s cultural and cinematographic identity. Based on observations conducted at the University of Avignon, one quantitative survey and many directed interviews with students, our study discusses the articulations between cinema as a “going out” to the theater on one hand and the extension of this movie trip thanks to the digital technologies on the other hand. The second part of this thesis considers the movement from the movie theater to a portable film practice. Nowadays, multiple ways to understand the cinema are possible and it helps in the construction of a student film culture. Through this work, we approach the multiple receptions’ modes to explain how these receptions, which are using digital tools, include themselves in the film practice while making the student a multifaceted spectator.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Augusto Nakano.pdf: 246383 bytes, checksum: 6451161a277401978857aee496afeece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-19 / The mail object of this study is to identify and to analyze what is the impact of the information technology (TI) on the people satisfaction in one public company. This study intends about the way to concentrates in the investigation, with a case study of a public company of ambient sanitation in Grande ABC at Sao Paulo, the Semasa, with the pretends of evaluation the changes in the operation routines of many departments and the impact caused by the Ti in the satisfaction of involved people. On the basis of to the literature about this job and society in the globalization area and public company, were analyzed in the begging the motions that can contribute to people look for enter in public carrier. This study it verified the importance of the adoption of tools of technology in the evaluation process in the rendering of services. It also verified, that to stimulate the workers through your new TI resources, can be good, in the same time, can be beneficial conditional to acquisition new works capacities with the new knowledge. The gotten results had pointed with respect to a significant increase in the satisfaction of the involved people these stimulates to be in continue knowledge, through the realization of new training and curses about technology.(AU) / O principal objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar qual o impacto da tecnologia da informação (TI) na satisfação das pessoas em uma empresa pública. Este estudo pretendeu abordar o assunto de forma a concentrar-se na investigação, com um estudo de caso em uma empresa pública de saneamento ambiental da região do grande ABC paulista, o SEMASA, com o intuito de avaliar as mudanças nas rotinas operacionais dos diversos departamentos da empresa e o impacto causado pela TI na satisfação das pessoas envolvidas. Com base na literatura sobre trabalho e sociedade na era da globalização e empresas públicas, foram analisados inicialmente os motivos que podem contribuir para as pessoas buscarem ingressar na carreira pública. Esse estudo verificou a importância da adoção de ferramentas de tecnologia nos processos produtivos e na prestação de serviços das organizações. Verificou também, que estimular os funcionários de empresas públicas a criarem mecanismos para facilitarem seus trabalhos, através de ferramentas de TI atualizadas, pode ser benéfico, ao mesmo tempo em que pode proporcionar condições destes adquirirem novas capacitações profissionais com a aquisição de novos conhecimentos tecnológicos. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para um significativo aumento na satisfação das pessoas envolvidas sendo estas estimuladas a estarem em constante aperfeiçoamento, através da realização de novos treinamentos e cursos de tecnologia.(AU)

MELO, N. P. S. B. Políticas públicas, financiamento e democratização da educação superior: avaliação do REUNI da Universidade Federal o Tocantins. Fortaleza 2011. 173 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pro - Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza, 2011. / Submitted by Ana Paula Paula (mappufce@gmail.com) on 2012-03-26T14:00:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dis_NPolianaSBMELO.pdf: 1451897 bytes, checksum: 82a43f04b844c4b3484b809862ebab79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-03-28T13:27:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dis_NPolianaSBMELO.pdf: 1451897 bytes, checksum: 82a43f04b844c4b3484b809862ebab79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-28T13:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Dis_NPolianaSBMELO.pdf: 1451897 bytes, checksum: 82a43f04b844c4b3484b809862ebab79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / In this text, as qualitative and quantitative perspective, the goal is an evaluation the REUNI at the University of Tocantins, Campus of Palmas. The program makes up the policy of expansion and democratization of higher education. The literature up titles that still discuss the democratization of higher education, evaluation of public policies in Brazil and the political and economic context in which they gave the expansion of higher education in recent decades. The way chosen articulated quantitative and qualitative data in favor of performing a thorough evaluation of the program. Thus, data were collected economic, political and cultural state of the Tocantins and the Federal University of Tocantins and the implementation of the program at the institution. Were also conducted archival research and interviews with managers, teachers and students at the UFT, in order to reconstruct the trajectory of the program at the institution. The study shows there are different conceptions of the REUNI and its implementation in the UFT was not a consensus. The concept of democracy present in the gathered within the institution is placed with a focus on access, disregarding the need to guarantee permanence. The study allowed us to verify that funding for the proposed expansion is not proportional to the activities implemented and did not consider the existing deficit in the universities. The field research also involved the lifting of the socio-economic profile of students in courses created from the REUNI. The universe of 62 students who answered the questionnaires, the data revealed that students are mostly young, single, not living with the family, come from public school and have family income of up to three minimum wages. To collect data on the profile of these students, open interviews were conducted with ten students among those who answered the questionnaires. The results showed that reunited the limited period examined, but that reflected a time of expansion in higher education in the UFT, there was a trend towards democratizing of social inclusion and distribution of academic quality independent of / Esta dissertação, de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, teve como objetivo avaliar o REUNI na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no Campus de Palmas. O programa compõe a política de expansão e democratização da Educação Superior. A pesquisa bibliográfica levantou títulos que discutem ainda a democratização da Educação Superior, avaliação de políticas públicas no Brasil e o contexto político e econômico em que se deu a expansão do ensino superior nas ultimas décadas. A estratégia metodológica escolhida articulou dados quantitativos e qualitativos em prol de realizar uma avaliação em profundidade do programa. Assim, foram levantados dados econômicos, políticos e culturais sobre o estado do Tocantins e a Universidade Federal do Tocantins e da implementação do programa na instituição. Também foram realizadas pesquisa documental e entrevistas com os gestores, professores e alunos da UFT, com o objetivo de reconstruir a trajetória do programa na instituição. O estudo permitiu verificar que há diferentes concepções sobre o REUNI e que sua implementação na UFT não foi um consenso. A concepção de democratização presente no REUNI dentro da instituição está posta com enfoque no acesso, desconsiderando a necessidade de garantia da permanência. O estudo permitiu ainda verificar que o financiamento disponibilizado para a expansão proposta não é proporcional às atividades implementadas e não considerou o déficit existente nas universidades. A pesquisa de campo envolveu ainda o levantamento do perfil sócio-econômico dos alunos dos cursos criados a partir do REUNI. Do universo de 62 alunos que responderam ao questionários, os dados revelaram que os alunos na sua maioria são jovens, solteiros, não moram com a família, são provenientes de escola pública e possuem renda familiar de até três salários mínimos. Para levantar dados sobre o perfil destes alunos, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com dez alunos entre os que responderam os questionários. Os resultados apontaram que o REUNI no limitado período analisado, mas que refletia um momento de expansão no ensino superior na UFT, não se observou uma tendência francamente democratizante no sentido de inclusão social e de distribuição de qualidade acadêmica independente dos condicionantes sociais

La popularité des plateformes mobiles telles que smartphones et tablettes génère un volume croissant de données à transférer. La principale raison de cette croissance est l'accès simplifié aux contenus vidéo sur ces plateformes. La future génération (5G) de téléphonie mobile est en cours de développement et a pour objectif d'offrir une bande passante suffisante pour de tels volumes de données. Néanmoins, un déploiement en masse de la 5G n'est pas envisagé avant 2020. De plus, la croissance est telle qu'il sera forcément intéressant de développer des solutions alternatives et complémentaires capables de délester le réseau cellulaire. L'exemple actuel le plus représentatif est le délestage de données cellulaires vers des réseaux d'accès WiFi par les principaux opérateurs mobiles. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons de déployer un nouveau réseau de contenus qui s'appuie sur les réseaux de transports publics urbains. Cette solution déploie des bornes sans-fil dans les bus et sur certaines stations de bus pour offrir du contenu aux passagers des bus. Les bus enregistrent et transportent les données, et se comportent donc comme des mules qui peuvent s'échanger des données dans certaines stations de bus. L'ensemble des bus créé un réseau de transport de données tolérantes au délai telles que de la vidéo à la demande. La création d'un tel réseau soulève de nombreuses questions. Les questions traitées dans les trois parties de cette thèse sont les suivantes: (i) le choix des stations de bus sur lesquelles une borne sans-fil doit être déployée, (ii) le choix du protocole de routage des données, (iii) la gestion efficace de la contention dans les stations et enfin (iv) la réduction du coût d'une telle infrastructure. La première partie de la thèse présente notre réseau de contenu dont l'objectif principal est de transporter de larges volumes de données. Nous montrons pour cela qu'il suffit de déployer des bornes sans-fil aux terminus des lignes de bus. Ce résultat provient de l'analyse des réseaux de transports publics des villes de Toulouse, Helsinki et Paris. Connaissant les horaires et la topologie de ces réseaux de transports, nous proposons de pré-calculer les routes pour transmettre les données dans ce réseau. Nous montrons que ce routage statique permet de réduire drastiquement le nombre de réplications de messages quand on le compare à un routage épidémique. La seconde contribution de cette thèse s'intéresse à l'échange des messages au niveau des bornes sans-fil déployées aux terminus des lignes de bus. En effet, les protocoles d'accès actuels partagent équitablement la bande passante entre les bus et le point d'accès. Dans notre cas, il en résulte une congestion importante que nous proposons de résoudre en introduisant un codage réseau XOR de proche en proche. Les flux qui se croisent sont alors combinés par la borne. Les bus transportent des paquets codés qui seront décodés au prochain saut par la borne suivante. Une analyse théorique de ce mode de communication montre que la probabilité de réception des messages peut-être augmentée au maximum de 50% et la surcharge diminuée au maximum de 50%. Pour les 3 villes européennes considérées, nous montrons par simulation que ce protocole permet d'augmenter de 35% à 48% le nombre de messages reçus. La dernière partie de cette thèse a pour objectif de réduire le coût de déploiement d'une telle architecture. Elle classifie les terminus des lignes de bus en trois ensembles qui sont équipés par des bornes sans fil de nature différentes. Les résultats de simulation montrent que pour les trois villes il est possible de garantir la connectivité de bout-en-bout tout en réduisant les coûts de déploiement d'un facteur 3. Cette architecture, dénommée 3-tier, transporte 30% plus de messages que le déploiement basique proposé en première partie. Nous montrons qu'il est possible de décharger un grand volume de données avec notre architecture. Par exemple, pour Paris, notre architecture permet de / Mobile data traffic is increasing at an exponential rate with the proliferation of mobile devices and easy access to large contents such as video. Traffic demand is expected to soar in the next 5 years and a new generation of mobile networks (5G) is currently being developed to address the looming bandwidth crunch. However, significant 5G deployments are not expected until 2020 or even beyond. As such, any solution that offloads cellular traffic to other available networks is of high interest, the main example being the successful offloading of cellular traffic onto WiFi. In this context, we propose to leverage public transportation networks (PTNs) created by regular bus lines in urban centers to create another offloading option for delay tolerant data such as video on demand. This PhD proposes a novel content delivery infrastructure where wireless access points (APs) are installed on both bus stops and buses. Buses act as data mules, creating a delay tolerant network capable of carrying content users can access while commuting using public transportation. Building such a network raises several core challenges such as: (i) selecting the bus stops on which it is best to install APs, (ii) efficiently routing the data, (iii) relieving congestion points in major hubs and (iv) minimizing the cost of the full architecture. These challenges are addressed in the three parts of this thesis. The first part of the thesis presents our content delivery infrastructure whose primary aim is to carry large volumes of data. We show that it is beneficial to install APs at the end stations of bus lines by analyzing the publicly available time tables of PTN providers of different cities. Knowing the underlying topology and schedule of PTNs, we propose to pre-calculate static routes between stations. This leads to a dramatic decrease in message replications and transfers compared to the state-of-the-art Epidemic delay tolerant protocol. Simulation results for three cities demonstrate that our routing policy increases by 4 to 8 times the number of delivered messages while reducing the overhead ratio. The second part of the thesis addresses the problem of relieving congestion at stations where several bus lines converge and have to exchange data through the AP. The solution proposed leverages XOR network coding where encoding and decoding are performed hop-by-hop for flows crossing at an AP. We conduct a theoretical analysis of the delivery probability and overhead ratio for a general setting. This analysis indicates that the maximum delivery probability is increased by 50% while the overhead ratio is reduced by 50%, if such network coding is applied. Simulations of this general setting corroborate these points, showing, in addition, that the average delay is reduced as well. Introducing our XOR network coding to our content delivery infrastructure using real bus timetables, we demonstrate a 35% - 48% improvement in the number of messages delivered. The third part of the thesis proposes a cost-effective architecture. It classifies PTN bus stops into three categories, each equipped with different types of wireless APs, allowing for a fine-grained cost control. Simulation results demonstrate the viability of our design choices. In particular, the 3-Tier architecture is shown to guarantee end-to-end connectivity and reduce the deployment cost by a factor of 3 while delivering 30% more packets than a baseline architecture. It can offload a large amount of mobile data, as for instance 4.7 terabytes within 12 hours in the Paris topology.

Un « principe de spécificité » structure le droit applicable aux agents. Ce principe naît au XVIIIème siècle : à la division du personnel est substituée une approche unitaire. Hauriou, Jèze et Duguit solidifient ce principe au début du XXème siècle. Utilisant ces travaux, législateur et juge consacrent ensuite le principe de spécificité. Pour autant, le régime des agents n’est pas indifférent au droit du travail. A dire vrai, il ne l’a jamais été. Récemment, le rôle joué par le droit du travail s’est même accentué. De cette évolution résulte la fragilité du principe de spécificité. Affaibli, le principe ne doit pas être supprimé. Une « privatisation » n’accroîtrait pas l’efficacité de l’action administrative ; par ailleurs, elle obligerait le régime des agents à s’affranchir d’exigences absolument indispensables au bon fonctionnement du service public. Pour ces raisons, une voie médiane doit être explorée, qui consiste à rénover le principe de spécificité. / Such principle of specificity is old. During the 18th century an unitary approach was substituted to this distinction within the public agents. Hauriou, Jèze and Duguit consolidated this principle. Based on their works, the legislator and the judges raised the principle of specificity as a mainstay of public law. However, the set of rules that governs public servants is not indifferent to labor law. Recently, the role of labor law emphasized. Those considerations led to the “trivialization” of the law applicable to public servants from which resulted the weakening of the principle of specificity. Although the principle is weakened, it shall not be removed. Privatization would not increase the administration’s efficiency. Besides, it would force the set of rules applicable to public servants to get rid of some requirements which are necessary to the good public service. There is a medium solution which consists in restoring the principle of specificity.

A tese concentra-se em estudos expositivos, especificamente em proposições curatoriais e artísticas que questionam o topos expositivo contemporâneo. O recorte temporal dessa pesquisa concentra-se em exposições vivenciadas no período 2012-2016, em contextos geográficos distintos: Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Berlim, Veneza e Londres. A metodologia de pesquisa constrói-se a partir da experiência em exposições visitadas, configurando estudos de caso da tese. Quais são os limites das canonizações ocidentais que reforçam tendências particulares e inscrevem ortodoxias em estudos expositivos? Entre “lá fora” e “aqui dentro”, se lá está a dicotomia, aqui está o hibridismo como matriz experimental das produções expositivas nacionais. Nesse contexto aqui e agora, desenvolve-se o conceito de ‘contraexposição’, que redefine o lugar expositivo através da experimentação direta na investigação, produção, apresentação e documentação de proposições curatoriais e artísticas em sua dimensão pública. Considera-se, ainda, o âmbito das megaexposições, especificamente bienais, debatendo a suposta crise do modelo através do mapeamento dos padrões recorrentes como possível estratégia de reinvenção do formato hegemônico internacional. (Continuação ) Nessa tese, entre exposições, megaexposições, contraexposições, são verificadas tentativas de engatar o sujeito para um primeiro plano das experiências expositivas, fazendo com que o questionamento direcione-se aos endereçamentos expositivos e à produção de associações obra-públicoS. Em tese: seja em instituições culturais – topos expositivo reconhecido como lugar da arte – ou no topos expositivo outro – qualquer lugar –, a exposição contemporânea está em incessante redefinição. / Situated within the realm of exhibition studies, this thesis focuses specifically on those curatorial and artistic proposals which question the topos of contemporary art exhibitions. The research was carried out between 2012 and 2016, visiting exhibitions in different geographical locations: Porto Alegre, Curitiba, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Berlin, Venice and London. The research methodology was built on the experience at these exhibitions, through which the thesis’ case studies have been configured. What are the limits of the Western canons, which reinforce particular trends and generate orthodoxies within exhibition studies? Between the ‘out there’ and the ‘in here’, whether there resides the dichotomy, here lies hybridity, as an experimental matrix for the making of exhibitions in Brazil. It is in this context, here-and-now, that the thesis develops the concept of “counter-exhibition”, redefining the exhibition space through direct experimentation in the investigation, production, presentation and documentation of curatorial and artistic proposals in their public dimension. The thesis also takes into account the context of mega-exhibitions, and specifically biennials, discussing the supposed crisis of the model by mapping its recurring patterns, as a possible strategy to challenge the hegemony of the current international format, and reinvent it. Among exhibitions, mega-exhibitions and counter-exhibitions, the thesis explores attempts to bring the subject of the exhibition experience to the fore, in this way directing the debate towards what or on who the exhibitions are addressing, exhibition approaches, as well as on the associations between artworks and publics that they (seek to) produce. In essence: either within cultural institutions – the exhibition topos recognised as the place of art –, or other exhibition topos – that is, anywhere –, contemporary exhibitions are being constantly redefined.

As análises em torno da atual (re) configuração do capitalismo é um elemento imprescindível para uma crítica da política educacional superior em curso nos países em desenvolvimento, sendo justificada no discurso oficial pela necessidade de adequação destes à ?nova ordem mundial?. Podemos identificar que desde os anos 1990, realiza-se um processo de privatização da educação superior no país, caracterizado pela mercadorização da educação, pela desresponsabilização do Estado na garantia da educação como direito e pela destinação de verbas públicas para a iniciativa privada, é nesse quadro que se insere as mudanças que se processam na avaliação institucional das Instituições de Educação Superior (IES) públicas realizadas no Brasil a partir da década de 1990, seguindo num movimento de continuidades adentrando as décadas seguintes com o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e suas políticas de reformas, sendo ratificada pelos planos e metas de ajuste do governo de Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). / The analyzes about the current (re) configuration of capitalism is a necessary element for a critique of current educational policy than in developing countries, being justified in the official discourse of the need to adapt to the "new world order." We can identify that from the year 1990, there will be a process of privatization of higher education in the country, characterized by the commodification of education, the warranty disclaimers in the state of education as a right and the allocation of public funds to private enterprise, that is framework that incorporates the changes that take place in the institutional evaluation of higher education institutions (HEIs) made ??public in Brazil since the 1990s, following a movement of continuities entering the following decades with the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002 ) and its reform policies, be ratified by the plans and setting goals of the government of Luis Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010).

Cette étude examine si les sites historiques pourraient être considérés comme des biens publics ou non. Il étudie aussi les caractéristiques d'un site d’être considéré comme un bien public mondial. Considérant les sites historiques comme biens publics exige différent type de planification et gestion car ces sites sont généralement gérés par les gouvernements et les gouvernements engagent des coûts élevés pour leur restauration et leur entretien. Par conséquent, il serait important d'évaluer la valeur des différents sites de prioriser la restauration de ces sites. Donc, dans cette recherche différents types de valeurs générées par des sites historiques a été étudié et la méthode la plus appropriée pour évaluer la valeur totale des sites a été proposé. Ensuite, une étude empirique a été réalisée en constituant des données originales pour l'évaluation de la valeur du site du mausolée de Ferdowsi en Iran et la valeur totale du site ainsi que ses sous valeurs a été évaluée. / This study considers whether historic sites could be considered as public goods or not. It also studies the characteristics of a site to be considered as a global public good. Considering historic sites as public goods demands different kind of planning and management as these sites are usually are managed by Governments and Governments incur high cost for their restoration and maintenance. Therefore, it would be important to assess the value of the different sites to prioritize restoration of these sites. To this mean, in this research different kind of values generated from historic sites has been considered and the most proper method in order to assess the total value of the sites has been proposed. Then an empirical study has been carried out by constituting original data for the value assessment of the Ferdowsi mausoleum site in Iran and the total value of the siteas well as its sub values has been assessed.