Internetutvecklingen har skapat nya arenor för utövande av våld. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur det digitala våldet mot minderåriga flickor kan gestalta sig på TikTok. Materialet består av kommentarsfält tillhörande minderåriga flickor. Studien intar ett radikalfeministiskt perspektiv vars utgångspunkt är att det sexuella våldet är en konsekvens av patriarkatet och mannens makt över kvinnans sexualitet; studien utgår även från ett makt-kontrollperspektiv. Metoden för arbetet är Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys, denna appliceras för att analysera hur diskursen gestaltas i kommentarsfälten. Resultatet visar att det digitala våldet tar sig uttryck genom att sexualisera och på andra sätt kränka flickorna, där det främst utmärkande för diskursen är objektifiering av flickorna samtidigt som en social diskurs identifierats som upprätthåller och reproducerar patriarkala strukturer och könsmaktförhållanden. Det finns tendenser till en subkultur som bidrar till gemenskap mellan personer som utsätter flickorna för digitalt våld; då samma uttryck och termer används av olika personer. / The development of the Internet has created new arenas for utilizing violence. The purpose of this study is to investigate how digital violence against underage girls can manifest itself on TikTok. The data consists of comment sections belonging to underage girls. The study uses a radical feminist perspective which has the initial belief that the widespread sexual violence against women is a consequence of patriarchy and men's power over women's sexuality; thus, the study has also adopted a power-control perspective. The method for the study is Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, which has been applied to analyze how the discourse manifests in the comment sections. The results show that the digital violence expresses itself by sexualizing and in other ways violating and offending the girls, where the main distinguishing pattern of the discourse is the objectification of the girls as well as a social discourse being identified which maintains and reproduces patriarchal structures and gender power relations. There are tendencies towards a subculture that contributes to a cohesion between people who utilize digital violence against the girls; where the same expressions and words are used by different people.

Syftet med studien är att kritiskt undersöka diskurserna kring sugardating och de diskursiva framställningarna av sugardaters på Flashback Forum, utifrån diskursernas återspegling av ojämlika genus- och maktförhållanden. Studien utforskar även den tvetydiga kopplingen mellan sugardating och prostitution på onlineforumet. Denna kvalitativa studie har sitt avstamp i en feministisk kritisk diskursanalys som har varit studiens teoretiska och metodologiska ramverk. Resultatet av studien visar att sugardating huvudsakligen framställs som ett ömsesidigt arrangemang som baseras på jämlika och fria villkor. Dock begränsas detta när sugarbabies underförstått förväntas gå med på sex. En feministisk analys inspirerad av radikalfeministisk teoribildning samt begreppet postfeminism ger dessutom kopplingen mellan sugardating och prostitution en dubbel tvetydighet. Slutligen diskuterar studien hur de positiva framställningarna av sugardating kan påverka nyfikna personer till ett eventuellt inträde. / The purpose of this study is to critically examine the discourses of sugardating and the discursive representations of sugardaters on Flashback Forum, based on how they reflect unequal gender- and power relations. The study also explores the ambiguous connection between sugardating and prostitution on the online forum. This qualitative study is based on a feminist critical discourse analysis as a theoretical and methodological framework. The findings show that sugardating is mainly represented as an arrangement based on equal and free terms. However, this is obscured when sugarbabies are implicitly expected to comply with sex. In addition, a feminist analysis inspired by radical feminist theory as well as the notion of postfeminism highlights how the link between sugardating and prostitution implies an ambiguity in a double sense. Finally, it is discussed how the positive representations of sugardating might affect curious readers to consider entering sugardating.

Diss. Örebro : Örebro universitet, 2009. / Pp. 253-270: Bibliography.

Denna litteraturstudie undersöker hur gravida kvinnors livssituation påverkas av mäns våld. Datamaterialet består av tolv vetenskapliga artiklar med syftet att framföra kvinnornas egna berättelser. Artiklarna har analyserats och tematiserats och slutligen blivit fyra teman och tio subteman vilket representerar litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultatet diskuteras i relation med teorier om könsmakt, radikalfeminism och ojämlikhetens fyra nivåer för att få förståelse för kvinnans livssituation i ett större sammanhang. Diskussionen belyser hur socialarbetare kan inspireras att arbeta med kvinnor utsatta för våld under graviditet ur ett empowermentorienterat perspektiv. Litteraturstudien visar att det är viktigt att socialarbetare har en helhetsbild och förståelse för hur kvinnornas hemsituation, ambivalens, självbilder och svårigheterna med att lämna bildar en komplex livssituation där kvinnorna och deras barn behöver stöd och hjälp för att kunna agera efter sina egna behov och öka sin makt. / This literature review investigates how pregnant womens’ life situations are affected by mens’ violence. The data material consists of twelve articles which aims to present the womens’ own stories. The articles/studies have been analysed and categorised into four themes and subthemes, which represents the result of the literature review. The result has been discussed with the theory of gender power, radical feminism and the four levels of inequality for a greater understanding of the womens’ life situations. The discussion illustrates how social workers can be inspired to work with women, who are exposed to violence during pregnancy, with a perspective of empowerment. The literature review shows the importance for social workers to have an overall picture and understanding about how the womens’ home situation, ambivalence, self images and the difficultness with leaving creates a complex life situation where the women and their children are in need of support and help to be able to act on their own needs and increase their power.

This essay examines the intersection of Valerie Solanas' radical feminist manifesto, the S.C.U.M. (Society of Cutting Up Men) manifesto, and her attempted assassination of Andy Warhol in 1968, proposing that the latter can be understood as a sophisticated piece of performance art. Solanas' manifesto, penned in 1967, challenged societal norms, advocating for the overthrow of patriarchal structures. Through a lens of performativity theory, which emphasizes the performative nature of language and actions, this essay reinterprets Solanas' actions as deliberate expressions of her feminist beliefs. Tracing Solanas' life, from her early struggles to her involvement in the avant-garde art scene of New York City, highlighting her interactions with Warhol's Factory and her provocative works. Solanas' attempted assassination of Warhol, while initially perceived as a psychotic act, is reframed as a conscious enactment of her manifesto's principles, challenging dominant power dynamics. By reframing the assassination attempt as a form of performance art, this essay sheds new light on Solanas' legacy, emphasizing the transformative potential of art as a tool for social critique and change. / Denna uppsats undersöker skärningspunkten mellan Valerie Solanas radikalfeministiska S.C.U.M. (Society of Cutting Up Men) manifestet, och hennes försök att mörda Andy Warhol 1968. Undersökningen framhåller att det senare kan studeras som ett sofistikerat performanceverk. Solanas manifest utmanade rådande normer och förespråkade avskaffandet av patriarkala strukturer. Genom ett nyttjande av performativitetsteorin, som betonar den performativa naturen av språk och handlingar, omvärderar denna uppsats Solanas handlingar som medvetna uttryck för hennes feministiska övertygelser. Solanas försök att mörda Warhol, som vid sin tid uppfattades som en psykotisk handling, omvärderas i texten som en medveten förkroppsligande av hennes manifestets principer. Att omvärdera mordförsöket som en form av performancekonst, lyser texten ett nytt ljus på Solanas arv och betonar konstens transformerande potential som ett verktyg för social kritik och förändring.

The Swedish political party Feministiskt initiativ, because of their name, gives a hint of connection to feminism as a theory. Therefore, the aim of the essay is to look for similarities and differences between liberal feminism, radical feminism and marxist/socialist feminism compared to Feministiskt initiativ ́s politics. Focusing on the party's platform from the year 2005 and their party program from the year 2021. The questions asked in the essay are: “What similarities and differences are there between the basic ideas and approaches of liberal feminism, radical feminism and marxist/socialist feminism compared to the politics of the Feministiskt initiativ?” and “What has the development of the Feministiskt initiativ parties politics looked like?.” The approach of this study has been a qualitative idea analysis. The theory for the essay is three different feminist orientations, liberal feminism, radical feminism and marxist/socialist feminism. These different theories are going to be compared to Feministiskt initiativ ́s politics. For every theory there are both similarities and differences to the Swedish political party Feministiskt initiativ. For some, there are more similarities and for others there are more differences, but they do all have both.The similarities and differences can also be connected to the development of the political party Feministiskt initiativ.

The My Stealthy Freedom (MSF) movement on social media has garnered over 1 million likes on Facebook and continues to make headlines in major media outlets. The founder Masih Alinejad routinely speaks out against obligatory veiling in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This study analyses hijab and the MSF movement from a Marxist feminist perspective, evaluating the emancipatory potential for women. The study attempts to untangle Islam from the discourses around the oppression of women to find the material roots of oppression upon which the discourse has been built. The legislation of women’s clothing and women’s bodies has a long history, with just the hijab having been made compulsory and forbidden three times in Iran within the previous century. Through the use of Multimodal Critical Discourse analysis, photographs and videos from the MSF movement are compared to hijab propaganda by the IRI to identify whether the concern of the MSF movement is limited to obligatory hijab, or if it places within the broader movement for women’s emancipation. The results show that despite the visual emphasis on the hijab, the MSF movement has a broader aim emancipating women as expressed by the activists of the movement.

Drawing upon the opportunity that the Internet and social media provides anyone with internet access to create, consume, publish and produce digital content, this study aims to examine one of the new means of communication. In today’s digital society creating content and communicating across boarders is easier than ever, but actually getting the point across is not – with an evergrowing number of posts, users and sites there is a struggle close the gap between posting a message and actually having it noticed. This study examines memes – normally seen as easily understood jokes – as means of accessible and simplistic communication by qualitatively examining fifteen feminist memes on Twitter. The study aims to see what the memes are conveying in means of social criticism and feminist orientations, their relation to the online feminist discourses and, lastly, explore the memes’ potential role in the political sphere. The theoretical framework firstly explains memes in relation to Henry Jenkins’ participatory culture, Lawrence Lessig’s remix culture and relates memes to the political sphere based on both Limor Shifman’s meme theory and the two theories mentioned above. Secondly, first-, second- and third-wave feminism is introduced along with radical feminism and the feminist concept of sisterhood. Lastly, the social constructivism sets the groundwork for the study’s choice of method; critical discourse analysis. The critical discourse analysis is used in a modified version along with the ‘verbal-visual unity’; a method designed to take the memes structure – the combination of text and images – into account. These methods are used to identify themes, connotations, modality, interdiscursivity, social criticism and the feminist orientation of the memes. The result reveals that there are four main points of social criticism emphasized in the memes; regarding body norms, regarding belittling of women’s opinions and actions, regarding patriarchal structures and regarding men in general. The main feminist orientation visible in more than half the memes is radical feminism, while second-wave feminism is visible in a third. Meanwhile, the memes’ relation to the feminist discourses varies; smaller discourses have low levels of interdiscoursivity, while the main discourse for online feminism show high levels. The study shows that memes’ – potential – roles in the political sphere are as means of spreading opinion, as ways of constituting new norms in a new reality, and as means of shifting the structures of power in society.

There is an ongoing crisis within the natal care in Sweden. Hospitals closing down, not enough beds in the maternity wards and nowhere near enough staff to handle the situation. For the past couple of years, Swedish women have had to travel far to get help during their labours, they’ve been flown to Finland because there are simply no more beds available. During this time some people had enough and for the past year 2018 demonstrations were organised and one maternity ward occupied by the towns inhabitants to revolt against its closure. The problem within the Swedish natal care was no longer in the shadows but had been brought to light with these new efforts from women all over the country. Though fairly recently discovered by the mainstream this is not a new crisis, it’s been going on for a long time yet seemingly nothing is done to change its ongoing trajectory. From the year 2000 until know nine hospitals have closed down their maternity wards with only one opening in Stockholm. We have eight political parties making up our government in Sweden, what are their thoughts on this matter? What are they doing to actively combat the reality that women are forced to give birth on the side of the road in a country that have always boasted an excellent welfare? By viewing this problem through a radical feministic theory and using a discourse analysis this essay delves into the eight major political parties in Sweden to find out what the situation looks like from the ruling side.

This essay aims to examine how RFSL (the swedish national association for sexual orientations) is constructing sexsellers by looking at how sexsellers are described in one of RFSL’s texts. The method used in this paper is Fairclough's discourse analysis which will be applied on one text from the website of RFSL. With this method it is possible to study the textual, the discursive and the social practices of the chosen text. The theoretical framework will be Foucault's power theory, the normalization principle and Gayle Rubin’s charmed circle. The result of this study shows that RFSL is forming discourses which construct sexsellers as either voluntary or involuntary. A voluntary sexseller includes sexsellers who see themselves as sexworkers or people who sell sexual services. By speaking of sexsellers as voluntary, RFSL is forming both a liberal feminist point of view but also a postfeminist point of view, and by speaking of sexsellers as involuntary a radical feminist point of view is formed. Therefore RFSL allows three kinds of sexsellers to be heard in their text: a working, a voluntary and an exposed sexseller.