Inledning: Det finns ett speciellt intresse i psykoterapi för unika, potentiellt transformerande ögonblick, till exempel ögonblick av ömsesidig öppenhet som berör på djupet. Studiens syfte var att utforska psykodynamiska psykoterapeuters förståelse och kliniska upplevelse av mötesögonblick. Frågeställningar: Vad är terapeutens förståelse av fenomenet mötesögonblick? Vad är terapeutens upplevelse av själva mötesögonblicket, av patienten i ett sådant ögonblick, samt av det som sker i den terapeutiska processen efteråt? Metod: Sex psykodynamiska psykoterapeuter intervjuades genom semistrukturerad kvalitativ intervju. Intervjuarna analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Mötesögonblick uppfattades som en form av delad upplevelse. Den kliniska upplevelsen beskrevs som en ömsesidig spegling av psykofysiologiska tillstånd. Receptivitet sågs som nyckeln i bemötandet av patienten. Patienterna släppte sina försvar i mötesögonblick, men varsamhet uttrycktes kring dessa ögonblick i arbetet med patienter med svårare problematik. Det fanns olika synpunkter i relation till konsolidering av mötesögonblick efter deras uppstående. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån terapeuternas förståelse och kliniska upplevelse av mötesögonblick. Betydelsefulla faktorer i deras upplevelser diskuteras i förhållande till teoretiska begrepp och tidigare forskning. Tankar om metoden diskuteras, samt förslag för vidare forskning. / Introduction: There exists a special interest in psychotherapy for unique, potentially transformative moments, for example, deeply touching moments of mutual openness. The purpose of the study was to explore psychodynamic psychotherapists` understanding and clinical experience of moments of meeting. Issues: What is the therapist`s understanding of the phenomena moments of meeting? What is the therapist`s experience of the actual moment of meeting, of the patient in such a moment, and of what happens in the therapeutic process afterwards? Method: Six psychodynamic psychotherapists were interviewed through semi-structured qualitative interview. The interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis. Result: Moments of meeting were understood as a form of shared experience. The clinical experience was described as a mutual mirroring of psychophysiological states. Receptiveness was considered key in relation to encountering the patient. Patients let go of defenses in moments of meeting. Caution was expressed around these moments in work with patients with more difficult problems. There were differing opinions in relation to consolidation of moments of meeting after their occurrence. Discussion: The result is discussed in view of the therapists` subjective understanding and clinical experience of moments of meeting. Meaningful factors in their experience are discussed in relation to theoretical concepts and previous research. Thoughts in relation to the methodology are taken up, plus suggestions for future research.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur relationen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor som distansarbetar på Halmstad Kommun. Syftet är även att få en tydlig bild av hur distansarbete skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor och om det påverkar arbetsdelningen i hemmer utifrån en könsrelation. Studiens resultat har samlats in genom åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor och män vars svar har analyserats med hjälp av Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystemet och Sue Campbell Clarks gränsteori. I slutsatserna påvisas det att de intervjuade kvinnorna och männen anser att relationen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv påverkas av distansarbete. Kvinnorna som intervjuats anser att den typiska könsfördelningen vad gäller arbetsdelningen i hemmer blir mer tydlig vid distansarbete. Männen som intervjuats anser att det har ett ökat ansvar gällande hemarbete när de distansarbetar. / The study aims to investigate how the relationship between private life and working life differs between men and women who work remotely in Halmstad municipality. The aim is also to get a clearer picture of how remote work differs between men and women and if it affects the division of labor in the home based on a gender relationship. The results of the study have been collected through eight qualitative interviews with women and men whose answers have been analyzed using Yvonne Hirdman’s theory of the gender system and Sue Campbell Clark’s Work/Family border theory. In the conclusions, it is stated that the interviewed women and men believe that the relationship between private life and working life is affected by remote work. The women who were interviewed believe that the typical gender distribution in terms of the division of labor in the home becomes clearer when working remotely. The men interviewed believe they have an increased responsibility regarding household chores when they work remotely.

Non-suicidal self-injury includes deliberately damaging the tissues of one's own body. Self-harming behaviour is a growing problem and the number of patients seeking care related to self-harm has increased the last years. Despite this, the number of people who don´t seek care is assumed to be high. Self-harming behaviour is a complex area with many underlying causes and functions. Patients with self-harming behaviour are a vulnerable group because of the stigma involved in injuring oneself. How patients with self-harming behaviour are treated in healthcare can have a major impact on future confidence in healthcare. The aim of this qualitative literature study was to explore how patients with self-harming behaviour experience the treatment in health care. Three main themes and six sub-themes emerged. Being acknowledged includes; patients' positive experiences, Being seen and Feeling confident. Not being taken seriously includes; the negative experiences, Feeling diminished and To feel shame and guilt. The third main theme, Being in the care chain, includes; A negative spiral and Social network. Altogether, the themes present the patient's experience of the treatment in the health care system and how structural factors contribute to the patient's experience. Negative experiences such as not being seen and heard and a feeling of shame caused an insecurity which made it difficult for the patient to seek care and to be honest with the health care staff. Patients felt that there was a lack of knowledge among health care professionals. More knowledge is needed to improve the treatment.

The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of calculating the total weight of coins in poorly documented Viking Age silver hoards found on Gotland. A method for calculating the total weight of the silver coins in the hoards, and thus the weight relationship between minted and un-minted silver, would facilitate further and deeper studies using the hoards from Gotland. The method will be based on the average coin weights obtained from numismatic sources. Two calculations, one of Arabic coins and another with mixed coin, is attempted. Apart from the calculations of the Viking Age coins, earlier studies of the relation between silver coins and silver object will be discussed in the earlier research. The different Viking Age coins in the calculation and the development of the Viking age minting will also be discussed in earlier research. The result of the study demonstrate that an estimated total weight could be calculated for the Arabic silver coins. Unfortunately the mixed coin hoards could not achieve a calculation that could estimate an equivalent total weight of the silver coins

In this scientific essay I explore my profession as a library adviser within the public library sector. The focus in my exploration is on the relation between theory and practice and how this relation is carried to the extreme in a situation where the theory consists of quantitative measuring. This situation triggers a conflict within me, and in the essay I reflect on the reasons for this with the aid of various philosophers and authors, in order to get a deeper understanding of my actions, and to see if I acted with good judgement in the sense of Aristotle´s phronesis. In my writing and exploring I also search for a way onwards, a better way to connect theory with practice in my meetings with library staff. My conclusions are that a first step would be to give practice precedence and start talking about the relation between practice and theory instead of the other way around. Further steps are a deeper understanding of the importance of dialogue, to see the perspective of the other and to dare to remain in, and to make the most of, the moment when theory and practice collide. / I denna vetenskapliga essä undersöker jag min yrkespraktik som utvecklingsledare inom folkbiblioteksområdet. Fokus i mitt utforskande ligger på relationen mellan teori och praktik och hur denna relation ställs på sin spets i en situation där teorin utgörs av ett kvantitativt mätande. Situationen utlöser en konflikt inom mig och i essän reflekterar jag över orsakerna till detta med hjälp av en rad filosofer och författare, för att få en djupare förståelse för hur jag handlade, och om jag handlade med gott omdöme i stunden, det som Aristoteles benämner som fronesis. I mitt skrivande och utforskande söker jag också efter en väg framåt, ett bättre sätt att förena teori och praktik i mina möten med bibliotekspersonal. Jag kommer fram till att ett första steg kan vara att ge praktiken företräde och tala om relationen mellan praktik och teori i stället för tvärtom. Ytterligare steg är en insikt i dialogens betydelse, att se den andres perspektiv och att våga vistas i, och ta vara på, det mellanrum som kan uppstå när teorin krockar med praktiken.

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the democratization process in the Middle East after 9/11. After 9/11 the US made a drastic change in their foreign policy towards the Middle East aiming on a “Freedom Agenda and fighting the “war on Terrorism” to ensure their national security.  Therefore, the main effort of the policy was made on democracy promotion in the Middle East in order for the Bush Administration to achieve their goals. Democracy is a widely used concept in the West describing a ruling system that secures peace and stability since it ensures the citizens all their freedoms and human rights. A definition of democracy and its arenas will be given according to the definition of Linz and Stephan with a main focus on Civil and Political Society. Lebanon will be brought up as an example of a somehow democratic Middle Easter Country. The Lebanese political system is based on confessionalism thus it is important to show how democracy is preserved within Lebanon presenting both the civil and political society within the country. The study in question shows how the US approached the region and which efforts were made in the democratization process in the Arab Middle East and it will also deal with the outcome 9/11 had on the Lebanese-US relation. The conclusion of the thesis showed that the Bush Administrations new foreign Policy faced many backlashes. Even though the US managed to overthrow the Taliban’s and remove Saddam’s Regime, the policy’s main goal of achieving democracy in the Middle East was not successful. In the case of Lebanon the research concludes that to achieve a successful democratic policy the Lebanese strong confessional structures must be combined with the fundamentals of democracy. It further showed that there has not been a drastic change in the Lebanese-US relation due to 9/11.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Phänomen der deutschen Modalpartikeln (MPn), das in der linguistischen Forschung viel Aufmerksamkeit erhalten hat, aber fast immer nur innerhalb der Satzgrenzen betrachtet wurde. Es wurde mehrfach vorgeschlagen, dass MPn eine Funktion im Hinblick auf Common Ground-Management haben, jedoch wird nie ausgeführt, wie diese zustande kommt. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie die Bedeutung und Funktion verschiedener MPn im Rahmen eines erweiterten Common Ground-Modells erfasst werden kann. In einem zweiten Schritt wird in zwei empirischen Studien die Interaktion von MPn mit Diskursstruktur analysiert, wobei Diskursstruktur hier im Rahmen von Diskursrelationen modelliert wird. Dafür wurden in einem Korpus von Parlamentsreden (126.000 Token) alle Sätze, die eine MP (ja, doch, eben, halt, wohl und schon wurden analysiert) enthalten im Hinblick auf ihre Relationen zu adjazenten Diskurseinheiten annotiert. Verwendet wurde dafür die in der Rhetorischen Strukturtheorie (Mann & Thompson 1989) vorgeschlagenen Relationen. Die statistische Analyse der Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Präferenzen der einzelnen MPn für bestimmte Diskursrelationen. Diese wurden anschließend in einem Lexical Choice Experiment überprüft und bestätigt, bei dem SprecherInnen im Kontext verschiedener Diskursrelationen auswählen sollten, welche MP am natürlichsten in einen Diskurs passt. SprecherInnen verwenden MPn, um zu zeigen, in welchem Verhältnis eine Proposition zu anderen steht oder um die Proposition auf eine bestimmte Art und Weise im Diskurs zu verankern, z.B. in dem sie als Hintergrundinformation markiert wird. Die beiden empirischen Studien zeigen zum ersten Mal, wie SprecherInnen diese Funktionen nutzen – und teilweise ausnutzen – um Diskurs zu strukturieren, Diskursrelationen hervorzuheben und so Kohärenz zu fördern. Gleichzeitig zeigt diese Arbeit, dass ein erweitertes Common Ground-Modell notwendig ist, um den Beitrag von MPn adäquat zu erfassen. / This work focuses on the phenomenon of German modal particles (Mps) which has received much attention in linguistic research – however mainly restricted to an analysis inside the sentence boundaries. It has been proposed that the function of Mps can be described with respect to common ground management, but this has never been spelled out in detail. Here, the meaning and function of different Mps will be captured in a broadened common ground model. In a second step, two empirical studies analyse the interaction of MPs and discourse structure – here modelled in terms of discourse relations. In a corpus of parliament speeches (126.000 word tokens), all sentences containing a modal particle (ja, doch, eben, halt, wohl and schon have been analyzed) were annotated for their discourse relations towards adjacent discourse units. The statistical analysis of the results reveals clear preferences of the single particles for different discourse relations. These preference were tested again in a follow-up experiment, a lexical choice task in which speakers had to decide which particle fits most naturally in contexts of different discourse relations. The results verified the findings of the corpus study. Overall, MPs can be used to indicate to the addressee how a proposition that is asserted by the speaker is related to (an)other proposition(s) and anchor information in discourse structure in a certain way, e.g. by marking it as background information. The results of the empirical studies show for the first time how speakers can make use of these functions – sometimes by exploiting them – to structure discourse, enhance the function of discourse relations and thereby establish coherence. At the same time, it becomes clear that a broader model of common ground is needed to capture this function of MPs in discourse appropriately.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.