Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:18:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-17 / The present work the resulted of research that had as its main objective to analyze the evaluation in the pedagogical routine of infantile education. The Law of Lines of direction and Bases of the National Education of 1996, in its Art. 31, assures that the evaluation in this level of education "will become by means of accompaniment and register" of the development of the children. Thus, recognizing the amplitude of the inherent aspects to the infantile development and the areas of the knowledge, it was opted to directing in this analysis the look for the languages that are explored the classroom. For in such a way, bedding in the studies of Hoffmann searched (1998) (1993), in the defense of a mediating evaluation; Romão (1998), with the dialógica perspective of evaluation; Luckesi (1996), for understanding the evaluation as loving act; Santaella (2005) and Peirce (1995) that they conceive language as all production human being the one that if attributes sensible e, Bakhtin (1998) with the idea of social language as practical, amongst others. In a qualitative boarding, the research was delineated in a study of case of the type observacional, developed together the two teachers and 16 children of a group of the daily pay-school of the municipal net of Campina Grande - PB. During the months of september and November of 2006, use became da comment as instrument of collection of data, beyond an interview and a Daily one of Classroom. During the comments, the information were registered in the daily one of field of the researcher. For the analysis of these comments, the method of content analysis was used (BARDIN, 1979), through the elaboration of categories, established in the questions of the research and delineated from abstracted pointers of the collected information. The data disclose the influence of the pertaining to school model in the daily pay-school, decurrent of the evaluation that occurs in the pedagogical routine of classroom, either through the interaction teacher/child, of the perception that they have the children of the "error", or the forms of exploration and evaluation of the written language of the reading and the mathematics, or the emphasis in the exploration of some languages in detriment of other. This study it can contribute with a reflection of making pedagogical/evaluation that occurs in the routines of classroom of the infantile education. / O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo principal analisar a avaliação na rotina pedagógica da educação infantil. A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996, em seu Art. 31, assegura que a avaliação neste nível de ensino far-se-á mediante acompanhamento e registro do desenvolvimento das crianças. Assim, reconhecendo a amplitude dos aspectos inerentes ao desenvolvimento infantil e às áreas do conhecimento, optou-se por direcionar nesta análise o olhar para as linguagens que são exploradas em sala de aula. Para tanto, buscou-se fundamento nos estudos de Hoffmann (1993), (1998), na defesa de uma avaliação mediadora; Romão (1998), com a perspectiva dialógica de avaliação; Luckesi (1996), por compreender a avaliação como ato amoroso; Santaella (2005) e Peirce (1995) que concebem linguagem como toda produção humana a que se atribui sentido e, Bakhtin (1998) com a idéia de linguagem como prática social, dentre outros. Numa abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa delineou-se num estudo de caso do tipo observacional, desenvolvida junto a duas professoras e 16 crianças de uma turma da préescola da rede municipal de Campina Grande PB. Durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2006, fez-se uso da observação como instrumento de coleta de dados, além de uma entrevista e de um Diário de Classe. Durante as observações, as informações eram registradas no diário de campo da pesquisadora. Para a análise destas observações, utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1979), através da elaboração de categorias, fundadas nas questões da pesquisa e delineadas a partir de indicadores abstraídos das informações coletadas. Os dados revelam a influência do modelo escolar na pré-escola, decorrente da avaliação que ocorre na rotina pedagógica de sala de aula, seja através da interação docente/criança, da percepção que as crianças têm o erro , das formas de exploração e avaliação da linguagem escrita da leitura e da matemática, ou da ênfase na exploração de algumas linguagens em detrimento de outras. Este estudo pode contribuir com uma reflexão do fazer pedagógico/avaliativo que ocorre nas rotinas de sala de aula da educação infantil.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 delianevileladeoliveira.pdf: 2301067 bytes, checksum: f01e829116b34f9daf190e8d706de303 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-11 / Resumo: Pesquisa quantiqualitativa cuja trajetória metodológica visou analisar as representações sociais da punção venosa entre indivíduos adultos que vivenciaram a experiência com o processo de punção de vasos periféricos. Adotou-se múltiplos métodos e técnicas. Na abordagem quantitativa foi realizado um survey e no delineamento qualitativo foram utilizadas entrevistas individuais com aplicação das técnicas de “recorte e colagem de gibi” e “evocação livre”. A aplicação destas técnicas visou captar as variáveis intervenientes sobre o processo de punção de vasos periféricos e subsidiar a identificação dos elementos e caracterizar a relevância da representação social sobre tal processo. Dados obtidos no período de outubro/2012 a fevereiro/2013, por meio de entrevistas individuais gravadas e registro cursivo em diário de campo, realizados numa instituição hospitalar (setor de internação convencional) e num serviço de terapia renal substitutiva. Amostra de seleção completa. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade e exclusão, foram realizadas 365 abordagens de coleta de dados, tendo participado 235 pessoas na fase do survey, das quais 120 estavam internadas, 75 estavam em hemodiálise e 40 coletaram sangue. Houve abordagem individualizada do questionário com auxílio para preenchimento. Técnica de evocação aplicada a partir de entrevista com participação de 90 pessoas, sendo 30 delas internadas, em coleta de sangue ou em tratamento hemodialítico. Foram obtidas 444 palavras/expressões evocadas para cinco das solicitadas. Na aplicação da técnica de “recorte e colagem de gibi” e gravação do discurso explicativo participaram 60 pessoas, sendo 20 em cada situação abordada. Foi oferecido o mesmo material de figuras para os participantes desta etapa. Um mesmo participante integrou uma ou mais técnicas. Os dados do survey foram tratados em software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20 com análise descritiva. Os dados provenientes da evocação formaram o corpus, sendo consolidados no software EVOC versão 2000 com análise pela técnica do quadro de quatro casas. E os conteúdos obtidos pela técnica de recorte e colagem de gibi foram consolidados no software NVivo versão 10 e analisados segundo similitude de expressões. Todas as informações foram abordadas com padrões de anonimato, utilizando nomes de flores, pedras ou cores. Foram atendidos todos os requisitos éticos e legais de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. No perfil dos participantes da fase survey predominou a participação de mulheres na coleta de sangue e de homens internados ou em tratamento hemodialítico; com idade mais nova entre mulheres que coletavam sangue; predomínio de pele declarada como branca (40%), menos de nove anos de escolaridade (65%), união estável (55%) e filhos. Sendo o processo de punção de vasos um procedimento técnico/científico, os usuários, porém, se apropriam do mesmo de forma particular, havendo destaque de algumas etapas em detrimento de outras. Foi possível identificar as variáveis intervenientes (exposição às diferentes situações e ocasiões de ocorrência do processo de punção de vasos) comparando-as com as variáveis de desfecho, ou seja, com os sentimentos, percepções e comportamentos dos participantes diante do processo de punção de vasos sanguíneos. Houve modificação de percepções, de sentimentos e de comportamentos ao longo das etapas do processo de punção dos vasos. No período que antecedeu a introdução da agulha no interior do vaso houve predomínio de sentimentos de medo, desconforto, ansiedade, indiferença e normalidade e foram adotados comportamentos de silêncio, colaboração, normalidade e de "acostumado", embora xx acompanhados pelo nervosismo das pessoas que fizeram hemodiálise. O período de introdução da agulha foi vivenciado com sentimentos de dor e desconforto e comportamentos de colaboração, silêncio e nervosismo, com ocasional desvio do olhar para não acompanhar o procedimento técnico realizado. Manter a agulha no interior do vaso gerou predomínio de sentimentos de limitação de movimento e desconforto quando o período foi prolongado e houve comportamento de colaboração. O sentimento de alívio e a sensação de ardência foram aqueles que predominantemente emergiram por ocasião da remoção do cateter do interior do vaso e os participantes mencionaram adotar comportamentos de colaboração e de indiferença frente à remoção. No período pós-remoção predominaram os sentimentos de indiferença, alívio, normalidade e nada e comportamentos de silêncio e colaboração, caracterizando a não percepção deste momento como uma etapa do processo, exceção feita às pessoas que realizaram hemodiálise. Os resultados evidenciaram que a estrutura das representações sociais do processo de punção de vasos foi composta pelos elementos centrais de dor e medo. Como elementos periféricos apareceram a insegurança, quem punciona, habilidade profissional, resultado, repuncionar e sangrar, configurando uma abordagem negativa ou neutra expressa em diferentes situações de punções que se apoiaram em experiências, informações, julgamento de valores, concepção de sua finalidade e percepção sensorial, o que foi reafirmado pela técnica de recorte e colagem. Captar as representações sociais através dos sentimentos e comportamentos, bem como, conhecimentos, valores e experiências das pessoas que possuem seus vasos puncionados para fins de coleta de sangue, terapêutica farmacológica ou hemodialítica durante o processo de punção possibilitou fazer uma releitura da punção de vasos. Enquanto atividade processual, evidenciaram-se demandas de cuidado para as quais o enfermeiro dispõe de oportunidades para imprimir ao cuidado orientações educacionais, ações terapêuticas e gerenciais e captar/utilizar evidências a partir da investigação. Foram caracterizadas respostas dos indivíduos para as quais o enfermeiro é capaz de minimizar sentimentos e comportamentos negativos e favorecer formas positivas de enfrentamento. Ao propor-se uma abordagem quantiqualitativa, utilizando múltiplos métodos e técnicas a partir de um recorte conceitual e metodológico, a presente investigação mostrou-se enriquecedora e criativa e trouxe como limite a não comparação entre os participantes enquanto grupos que possuem vivências peculiares no processo de punção de vasos sanguíneos. / Abstract: Quanti-qualitative research whose methodological route intended to analyze the social representations of venipuncture among adults who have experienced the peripheral vessels puncture. Multiple methods and techniques were adopted. During the quantitative approach a survey research was conducted, while in the qualitative approach individual interviews were taken, applying the techniques of "cutting and pasting of comics" and "free recall". The application of these techniques aimed to capture intervening variables on the process of puncturing peripheral vessels and support the identification of elements and characterize the relevance of the social representation of this process. Data obtained from October 2012 to February 2013 through individually recorded interviews and field diary, both conducted in a hospital (regular hospitalization area) and in a program of renal replacement therapy. Sample selection complete. After applying the eligibility and exclusion criteria, there were 365 approaches for data collection, 235 people participated in the phase of the survey, of whom 120 were hospitalized, 75 were on hemodialysis and 40 collected blood samples. There was individualized approach and help to fill the questionnaire. Evocation technique applied in the interviews, with participation of 90 people, 30 of them hospitalized for blood collection or hemodialysis. With the inductive term appointed (process of vessel puncture). We obtained 444 words/expressions evoked to five of the requested. In applying the technique of "cutting and pasting of comics" and recording the explanatory discourse 60 people participated, 20 in each situation addressed. The same comics were shown to the participants of this step. A participant joined one or more techniques. For the treatment of the survey data, with descriptive analysis, was used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Evocation data formed the corpus, consolidated in EVOC 2000 version, and were analyzed through the fourhouse board technique. The contents obtained by the technique of cutting and pasting the comics were consolidated into NVivo software version 10 and analyzed according to similarity of expressions. All information has been addressed with patterns of anonymity, using names of flowers, stones or colors. We met all ethical and legal requirements for research involving humans. In the survey phase participants profile predominated the participation of women in blood sample collection and men hospitalized or undergoing hemodialysis, with younger age among women who collected blood; predominance of skin declared as white (40%), less than nine years of education (65%), marital stability (55%) and children. As the process of vessel puncture is a technical/scientific procedure, users, however, interpret it in a particular way, featuring some steps over others. It was possible to identify the intervening variables (exposure to different situations and times of occurrence of vessels puncture processes) compared with the outcome variables, i.e., the feelings, perceptions and behaviors of the participants before the process of puncturing blood vessels. There was a modification of perceptions, feelings and behaviors throughout the stages of the process of vessels puncturing. In the period preceding the introduction of the needle inside the vessel there was a predominance of feelings of fear, discomfort, anxiety, indifference and normality and behaviors of xxii silence, collaboration, normality and "being used to" were adopted, although accompanied by the nervousness of those people in hemodialysis. The length of the needle insertion was experienced with feelings of pain and discomfort and behaviors of collaboration, silence and nervousness, with occasional gaze deviation, not to follow the technical procedure performed. Maintaining the needle in the vessel predominantly generated feelings of limitation of movement and discomfort when the period was extended. There was also the behavior of collaboration. The feeling of relief and burning sensation were predominantly those who emerged during the removal of the catheter inside the vessel and the participants mentioned to adopt behaviors of collaboration and indifference to the removal. In the post-removal time predominated feelings of indifference, relief, normality and nothing and behaviors of silence and collaboration, showing the non-perception of this moment as a step of the process, except to people who underwent hemodialysis. The results showed that the structure of social representations of vessel puncture was composed by the central elements of pain and fear. The peripheral elements appeared insecurity, who punctures, professional skill, result, repuncturing and bleed, setting a neutral or negative approach expressed in different puncture situations that relied on experience, information, value judgment, conception of its purpose and sensory perception, what was reaffirmed by the technique of cutting and pasting. To capture the social representations through the feelings and behaviors, as well as knowledge, values, experiences of people own their vessels punctured for the purpose of blood collection, drug therapy or hemodialysis during puncture, allowed to reread the puncture of vessels. While a procedural activity, care demands showed up for which the nurse has opportunities to print educational guidelines, therapeutic and management actions and to capture/use evidences from the investigation. Answers of individuals were characterized for which the nurse is able to minimize negative feelings and behaviors and to encourage positive ways of coping. In proposing a quanti-qualitative approach, using multiple methods and techniques from a conceptual and methodological framework, this research proved to be enriching and creative and brought as its limitation the not comparison of the participants while groups that have peculiar experiences in the process of blood vessels puncturing.

Submitted by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mídia e Cotidiano (ppgmc@vm.uff.br) on 2017-05-16T20:25:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO PPGMC - EDUARDO AGUIAR DE ASSIS - DEFESA 10 MARÇO 2017.pdf: 6282018 bytes, checksum: 60800d4bef43a32271e51d5b5e55a630 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-17T21:23:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO PPGMC - EDUARDO AGUIAR DE ASSIS - DEFESA 10 MARÇO 2017.pdf: 6282018 bytes, checksum: 60800d4bef43a32271e51d5b5e55a630 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T21:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO PPGMC - EDUARDO AGUIAR DE ASSIS - DEFESA 10 MARÇO 2017.pdf: 6282018 bytes, checksum: 60800d4bef43a32271e51d5b5e55a630 (MD5) / O presente trabalho classifica 10 serviços online, quando disponíveis nos sites oficiais das 92 prefeituras que compõem o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em quatro tipos de interações – face a face, quase mediada, mediada reativa e mediada mútua –, concebidos pelo pesquisador a partir das propostas teóricas de John B. Thompson (2011) e Alex Primo (2000). O nível municipal foi escolhido por se tratar de um ente federativo carente de pesquisas. O estudo permite observar de forma quantitativa o desenvolver de um novo cotidiano de interações do indivíduo com a esfera pública viabilizado pela ciberdemocracia ao apresentar o entrelaçamento das bordas entre o real e o virtual a partir da relação moderna do indivíduo com o ciberespaço, os benefícios promovidos aos cidadãos por meio da oferta de serviços online, e as tendências interativas em mídias digitais para governo eletrônico. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo da seção de serviços dos sites elencados. A coleta dos dados para a classificação das interações foi realizada entre junho e agosto de 2016 e a avaliação da acessibilidade dos sites, na segunda quinzena de outubro do mesmo ano. A abordagem buscou identificar serviços presenciais passiveis de migração para o ambiente online e criou um panorama midiático das interações possíveis ofertadas na internet aos usuários de serviços públicos contemplados no recorte geográfico analisado / The present work classifies 10 online services, when available in the official websites of the 92 prefectures which compose the State of Rio de Janeiro, in four types of interactions - face to face, almost mediated, reactive mediated and mutual mediated -, designed by the researcher based on the theoretical proposals of John B. Thompson (2011) and Alex Primo (2000). The municipal level was chosen because it lacks researches. The study allows to quantitatively observe the development of a new daily routine of individual's interactions with the public sphere made possible by the cyberdemocracy, once it presents the entanglement of boundaries between the real and the virtual world created by the modern relation of the individual with the cyberspace, the benefits to the citizens through the provision of online services, and the interactive trends in digital media for e-government. The adopted methodology was the content analysis of the services section of the listed websites. The data collection for the classification of the interactions was carried out between June and August 2016 and the accessibility assessment of the websites, in the second fortnight of October of the same year. The approach sought to identify presential services that could migrate to the online environment and created a media panorama of the possible interactions offered on the Internet to users of public services contemplated in the geographic analyzed area.

This work was developed at Master s Post Graduation Program in Education at Santa Maria Federal University, in the line of research of School Practices and Public Policies(LP2). The general aim was to investigate the elements of teaching acts organization and the concepts of children subjected to it. For that, I tried to: (a) identify the elements that guide the teaching activity with children at the teaching organizing action; (b) think about it with the teachers; (c) and also try to understand how the teachers feel the activity of the child in such organization. Using historic-cultural approach, the qualitative research was organized in a reflexive-problematic-dialogical way based on Freire s theory that constituted itself during the work by the observation of the participants, arguments of scenes and discussion groups, having as subjects of the research the teachers of a City School of Children Education in Santa Maria. For data collection records in field diary were made, pictures, filmings, scene discussing and in the discussion group, the analysis and thoughts beginning from the picture-filming and images of Tonucci s work (1988). In the data analysis, having as a basis Leontiev s Activity Theory elements of the teaching action organization were performed such as planning, routine and activity. The work made possible a reflection about the teaching organization and also how the activities are being organized in the field of research. The analyses proofs signs of an unbelief by the teachers in the potential of the children that go to that institution and rises possibilities for the justifications and/or comprehension of the teaching conceptions about the activity in the organization of teaching action. Understanding children as participants, active subjects and capable of developing themselves and produce culture, we contribute for the thinking and discussing of the teachers of Children s Education about the children, active subjects in the process of building the daily schooling action. Moreover, we can provide spaces and times in which the children experience their childhood fully in the teaching community context, that is, in the public or private institutions of Children Education. / Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no curso de Mestrado em Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, na Linha de pesquisa Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas (LP2). O objetivo geral foi investigar os elementos da organização da ação pedagógica docente e as concepções de criança a ela subjacentes. Para isso, busquei (a) identificar os elementos que orientam a atividade docente com crianças na organização da ação pedagógica; (b) refletir com os educadores a respeito da organização da ação pedagógica; (c) além de buscar compreender como os educadores percebem a atividade da criança na organização da ação pedagógica. Utilizando-me da abordagem histórico-cultural, a pesquisa qualitativa foi organizada dentro de uma metodologia dialógico-problematizadora-reflexiva de base freireana que foi constituindo-se no decorrer do trabalho através de observações participantes, discussão de cenas e grupos de diálogo reflexivo, tendo como sujeitos da pesquisa as professoras de uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil do município de Santa Maria. Para a coleta de dados foram realizados registros em diário de campo, fotografias, filmagens, discussão de cenas e, no grupo de diálogo reflexivo, a análise e reflexão a partir dos registros fílmico-fotográficos e de imagens da obra de Tonucci (1988). Na análise dos dados, tendo como base a Teoria da Atividade de Leontiev, foram trabalhados elementos da organização da ação pedagógica como: planejamento, rotina e atividade. O trabalho possibilitou a reflexão acerca da organização pedagógica e de como as atividades vem sendo organizadas no espaço da pesquisa. A análise evidencia indícios de uma falta de confiança por parte dos docentes no potencial das crianças que frequentam a instituição e levanta possibilidades para a justificativa e/ou compreensão das concepções docentes acerca da atividade na organização da ação pedagógica. Compreendendo as crianças como seres participantes, sujeitos ativos e capazes de se desenvolverem e produzirem cultura, contribui-se para a reflexão e discussão dos professores de Educação Infantil acerca de como elas poderão ser compreendidas como sujeitos ativos no processo de construção da ação pedagógica diária. Além disso, pode-se proporcionar espaços e tempos nos quais as crianças vivenciem plenamente sua(s) infância(s) nos contextos coletivos de educação, ou seja, nas instituições públicas ou privadas de Educação Infantil.

Masters of Art / Intimate partner violence (IPV) has reached epidemic proportions in South Africa, prompting the government to pass the Domestic Violence Act 116 (1998). However, numerous scholars still believe that legislation is lacking due to inadequate implementation of protocol in the healthcare sector. In the healthcare setting, nurses are usually the first people that abused women make contact with and so they are in an excellent position to identify IPV victims and prevent further abuse. Routine universal screening in the healthcare setting is recommended as a means to identify women who suffer in abusive relationships. However, several problems have been encountered with the attempts to implement screening practices. In this study the various perceived barriers to IPV screening among nursing students were examined by use of a descriptive survey approach. The research participants were 103 nursing students from the University of the Western Cape. Data were collected by means of a selfadministered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive as a means to uncover the relationship between perceived barriers and the screening practices of the participants. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers that will discourage a nurse from routinely screening for intimate partner violence in a healthcare practice. The present study’s results indicated that the majority of variance in routinely screening for IPV can be explained by barriers related to HCP knowledge of managing IPV disclosure; the perceived responses of patients to screening; the privatisation of abuse; and whether HCP regard IPV as a healthcare issue. Information, regarding the beliefs of healthcare providers (HCP) with regard to IPV as well as the barriers they perceive toward screening, will be helpful in designing curricula that will successfully teach HCP how to screen for IPV and it will also be useful in making positive changes to the screening conditions in healthcare settings.

The aim of my study was to explore and describe the possible effects of family rituals as an asset during the process through which children give meaning to their experiences. I undertook an empirical study of limited extent. My study was qualitative by nature and conducted from the interpretivist paradigm. I used an instrumental case study as research design and employed educational psychological assessment, semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, reflective journals by the participants and myself, visual data (photographs), observation and field notes as data collection and documentation methods. I selected two Afrikaans-speaking primary school children and their parents from a nuclear family as participants in the study. The findings of my empirical study are supported by relevant literature with regard to the main concepts guiding the study, namely family, ritual, routine and family ritual, asset, meaning giving and children. The main findings were that the five dimensions of family rituals (structure, meaning, persistence and commitment, adaptability and gender relations), as identified in existing literature, were present in the family’s rituals with the possibility of adding other dimensions to these mentioned, such as task completion, communication, roles, affective management, affective involvement and behaviour management. Furthermore I found that the family’s rituals, with some exceptions, positively impacted on the children’s giving of meaning to themselves and the family rituals. Asset-based outcomes were also evident in the meaning the children gave to their experiences following the practicing of family rituals. Lastly I found that the family’s rituals served as an asset within the family. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

How adolescents spend their time is a crucial predictor of their engagement in delinquency. Activities with peers away from direct supervision of adults are of concern as more opportunities and motivation to use marijuana exist in such situations. However, adolescents may vary in their propensity to use marijuana when faced the opportunity. Especially adolescents living with a single parent may have a higher propensity compared to those from two-parent households to use marijuana due to reduced parental monitoring and increased peer attachment. This thesis investigates the moderating effects of family structure on the routine leisure activities and adolescent marijuana use relationship, using data from Monitoring the Future Study 2007, 12th Grade Survey. The results provide partial support for the moderating effects.

Bien que devenu un événement rare dans les pays riches, la mortalité maternelle est toujours considéré comme un marqueur du dysfonctionnement du système de soins d'un pays. Le premier travail de cette thèse avait pour objectif d'étudier l'évolution du profil de la mortalité maternelle en France entre 1998 et 2007 à partir des données de l'Enquête Nationale Confidentielle sur les Morts Maternelles (ENCMM). Le ratio de mortalité maternelle (RMM) est resté stable, avec 9 décès pour 100 000 naissances vivantes. Il se situe dans la moyenne basse des pays européens ayant un système renforcé de mesure, ce qui est relativement satisfaisant compte-tenu de l'évolution du profil des femmes et de l'augmentation observée ailleurs. La principale cause de décès était l'hémorragie obstétricale. La proportion des morts maternelles évitables n'a pas évolué et est restée au tour de 50%. Ces résultats soulignent qu'une réduction du RMM est envisageable. Pour cela, une meilleure compréhension de ses déterminants est essentielle. Le deuxième travail a abordé la question des disparités régionales. Cette analyse a montré que le risque de mort maternelle en postpartum, après prise en compte des certaines caractéristiques individuelles des femmes, était supérieur dans les DOM et en Ile-de-France, comparé au reste de la France métropolitaine, et que des facteurs liés au contenu et à l'organisation des soins pourraient être impliqués. La pertinence des leçons tirées de l’étude de la mortalité maternelle dépend de la validité de sa mesure. Le dernier travail avait pour objectif d’évaluer les écueils des statistiques de routine de mortalité pour étudier la fréquence et les causes de mortalité maternelle. La sous-estimation du RMM dans les statistiques de mortalité a diminué significativement au cours du temps. Cependant, les inexactitudes sont plus importantes que le RMM ne le montre ; en effet, pour 2007-2009 une mort maternelle sur trois de l’ENCMM n’est pas repérée dans les statistiques de mortalité et le profil de causes diffère de celui issu de l’ENCMM. / While maternal mortality has become a very rare event in developed countries, it remains a marker of the performance of a country’s health system. The first work of this thesis was to study the evolution of maternal mortality profile in France between 1998 and 2007 using data from the Confidential enquiry into maternal deaths (ENCMM). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) remained stable, with 9 deaths per 100,000 live births, it is in the low average of other European countries that also have enhanced measurement systems, which is consider satisfactory in view of the evolution of profile of women and the rise of MMR observed elsewhere. The main cause of death was obstetric hemorrhage. The proportion of avoidable maternal deaths has not changed and remained around 50%. These results emphasize that reducing the MMR is possible, for this, a better understanding of its determinants is essential. The second work explored regional disparities of maternal mortality. The results showed that the risk of postpartum maternal death was higher, after taking women's individual characteristics into account, in the overseas districts (DOM) but also in Ile-de-France, compared with the rest of metropolitan France; we thus deduce that factors related to care may be involved.The relevance of lessons learned from the study of maternal mortality depends on the validity of the data used. The last work assessed the pitfalls of routine mortality statistics to study the frequency and profile of maternal mortality. The underestimation of MMR in mortality statistics has decreased significantly over time. However, inaccuracies are greater than suggested by the MMR; the routine statistics failed to identify one third of the maternal deaths identified by the ENCMM and the causes profile differs from that resulting from the ENCMM.

Hintergrund: Angststörungen sind häufig, oft chronifizierend, jedoch auch gut behandelbar. Leitlinienbehandlung ist die auf Exposition fokussierende Verhaltenstherapie. In der ambulanten Versorgungspraxis finden Expositionen jedoch selten statt. Die Angst-Tagesklinik am Universitätsklinikum Dresden realisiert die evidenzbasierte Behandlung von Angststörungen. In einer 5-wöchigen Kurzzeitbehandlung werden wöchentlich 4 begleitete und zeitoffene Expositionssitzungen durchgeführt. Untersucht wurden die Symptomverläufe und die Responder-Raten. Methoden: Zu Therapieaufnahme und -ende sowie zur Katamnese nach 3 Monaten und 1 Jahr wurde die Entwicklung der Symptombelastung bei n = 332 PatientInnen untersucht, die von 2009 bis 2015 behandelt wurden. Etwa zwei Drittel waren psychotherapeutisch vorbehandelt. Eingesetzt wurden spezifische etablierte Fragebögen. Berechnet wurden Mixed Models, Effektstärken und Responder-Raten. Ergebnisse: 90% der PatientInnen schlossen die Behandlung regulär ab. Es zeigten sich signifikante Linderungen bei Belastungen durch Angst- und depressive Symptome. Die höchsten Effektstärken um 0,9 ergaben sich bei verhaltensbezogenen Skalen und besonders bei den Agoraphobien und Panikstörungen, die die größte Störungsgruppe ausmachen. Die Responseraten lagen bei 60%. Zu den Katamnesezeitpunkten waren die Symptomverbesserungen stabil und bei den kognitiven Symptomen weiter steigend. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Behandlung in spezialisierten (teil)stationären Versorgungssettings mit Fokus auf hochfrequente Exposition, wie hier beispielhaft vorgestellt, zeigt eine gute Akzeptanz und gute bis sehr gute und längerfristig stabile Veränderungen der Symptombelastung. Diese Settings erfordern eine besondere strukturelle Ausstattung und Ressourcen. / Intensive Exposure-Based Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in a Specialized Patient-Centered Day Hospital Background: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, often chronic, but effectively treatable by cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially by exposure therapy. However, exposure treatments rarely occur in outpatient healthcare. The day hospital for anxiety disorders at the University Hospital Dresden implemented an evidence-based treatment. Every week, 4 guided time-open exposure sessions, not timelimited, are conducted during the 5-week treatment period. Improvements in symptomatology and response rates were examined. Methods: The symptomatology of n = 332 patients, treated from 2009 till 2015, was assessed at pretreatment and posttreatment, and at the follow-ups after 3 months and 1 year. Two-thirds had previously had other psycho therapy treatments. Established questionnaires were used. Data was analyzed by calculating mixed models, effect sizes, and response rates. Results: 90% of the patients finished the treatment regularly. Significant improvements occurred in anxiety and depressive symptoms. The strongest effect sizes of about 0.9 were achieved for behavioral scales, especially for symptoms of agoraphobia and panic disorder, the most frequent disorders in the sample. The response rates were 60%. Improvements remained stable at the follow-ups and even increased further for cognitive symptoms. Conclusions: Specialized day hospital healthcare settings, like the one presented here, are associated with good to very good and stable improvements and also with good acceptance. These therapeutic settings require specific structural equipment and resources.

This is a bachelor thesis in information design, focusing on spatial design. This study examens the situation of remote study from home during the covid-19-pandamic. With a spatial perspective regarding new routines, and with a focus on zones, boundaries and transitions between studies and free time. How does the transition from having lessons on campus to only having lessons digitally from home effect the user? What approaches are there to use to ease the situation. How can the differences between free time and studies be communicated in a clearly and informative way? The study addresses contemporary and past research as well as theories, regarding activity- based offices, boundaries, transitions and notations. The study addresses also the execution and results of methods, including a questionnaire, user test and interview, and the AEIOU- method. The projects design process with its different phases is also addressed, where the structure of the project model and the design process were an important and interesting component that contributed to the continued work on the project. Based on all this a design proposal is produced in form of a concept, with the purpose of being a support for student and facilitate the situation when it comes to remote study from home. / Detta är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign, med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Projektet undersöker situationen av att studera digitalt hemifrån under Covid-19-pandemin. Med ett rumsligt perspektiv gällande nya rutiner, och med fokus på zoner, gränser och övergångar mellan studier och fritid. Hur påverkas användaren av omställningen av att ha övergått till att genomföra studierna digitalt hemifrån, från att tidigare varit på plats på campus för att ha lektioner? Vilka tillvägagångsätt finns det att använda för att underlätta situationen. Hur kan skillnaden mellan fritid och studier kommuniceras på ett tydligt och informativt sätt? Rapporten tar upp samtida och tidigare forskning samt teorier, gällande bland annat aktivitetsbaserade kontor, gränser, övergångar och notationer. Rapporten tar även upp genomförande och resultat av metoder, vilket inkluderar frågeformulär, användartest och intervju, samt AEIOU-metoden. Även projektets designprocess med olika faser och moment lyfts i rapporten, där uppbyggnaden av projektmodeller och designprocessen var en viktig och intressant komponent som även de bidrog till det fortsatta arbetet med projektet. Och utifrån allt detta tas slutligen ett gestaltningsförslag fram som ska understödja studenter och underlätta situationen av att studera digitalt hemifrån, i form av ett koncept.