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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Avträdets arkitektur / Architecture of the privy

Sidgwick, Alexandra January 2020 (has links)
Examensarbetet ”Avträdets Arkitektur” utgår både från en problematisering av vår tids användning av vattentoaletten och använder också utedassets arkitektur som generator för projektet. Avträdet är en bortglömd byggnad, som kan berätta mycket om hur vi levt förr, men framförallt ett exempel på en arkitektur som för människan närmare naturen. Det är framförallt denna aspekt som legat till grund för detta projekt. Arbetets frågeställning har varit: Hur kan en arkitektur, som tar avstamp i det traditionella utedasset, bidra till att minimera samhällets vattenförbrukning och samtidigt addera sinnliga kvaliteter till den arkitektoniska upplevelsen i en bostad? Efterforskningen har innefattat hur rening av vatten fungerar, vilka miljökonsekvenser de för med sig och vilka alternativ som finns, samt utedassets funktion, utseende och historiska värden. Arbetet har resulterat i en ny typologi, ett slags större radhus, på Gotland. Tack vare ett gemensamt, mer lokalt, reningsverk och en toalettlösning som baseras på en vakuumlösning med urinseparation kan man bättre ta tillvara på resurser och minska användningen av vatten. Byggnaden inspireras på flera sätt av utedassens utseende och funktion, exempelvis genom att integrera kalla och varma utrymmen och en ständig närhet till naturen. / The thesis "Architecture of the privy" is based on both questioning our contemporary use of the flush toilet as well as using the privy as a generator for the project. The outhouse is a forgotten building, which can tell a lot about how one lived in the past, but above all an example of an architecture that brings us closer to nature. It is primarily this aspect that has been the base for the architectural question. The working question of this thesis has been: How can an architecture, which uses in the traditional outhouse as a generator, help to minimise society's water consumption and at the same time add sensual qualities to the architectural experience in a house? The research has included how purification of water works, the environmental consequences they bring and what the alternatives are, as well as the privy’s function, appearance and historical values. The work has resulted in a new typology, a kind of larger row house, in Gotland, Sweden. Thanks to a common, more local, wastewater treatment plant and a toilet solution based on vacuum with urine separation, one can better utilise resources and reduce the use of fresh water. The building is in many ways inspired by the appearance and function of the privy, for example by integrating cold and warm spaces and a constant proximity to nature.
22

Att komma hem ska vara en schlager : Om hemkänsla hos unga vuxna i Malmö / Coming home to the tune of a pop song : How young adults in Malmö perceive home

Tjäder, Filippa, Tjäder, Lovisa January 2024 (has links)
Hem och hemkänsla är i följande uppsats definierat som ett läge eller tillstånd snarare än begrepp. I uppsatsen analyseras unga vuxnas definition av hem i syfte att kartlägga specifika mönster och aspekter som kan anses viktiga i meningsskapandet av hem och hemkänsla. I studien presenteras tidigare forskning på hem och hemmiljö och kompletteras med utsagor från unga vuxna i Malmö genom intervjuer utförda i deras privata hem. Genom inspiration från Henri Lefebvres rumsteori där rummet kan förstås utifrån tre aspekter i symbios med varandra, utforskar studien på vad sätt rumsliga praktiker har del i unga vuxnas etablering av hemkänsla. Ytterligare diskuteras människans vardagliga praktiker, rutter, och nätverk som inverkande faktorer i hur unga vuxna tillskriver platser betydelsen av hem. Genom en teoretisk förståelse av begreppet platskänsla (Easthope, 2004) undersöks vidare kopplingar mellan identitet och tidigare erfarenheter och upplevelser av hem och hemmiljö i relation till ett samtida hemskapande bland unga vuxna.  Genom att lyfta medvetna såväl som omedvetna delar av hemskapande, ämnar studien tillskansa ny förståelse kring definitionen av hem och hemkänsla med fokus på unga vuxna i åldrarna 20-35 år. Sammanfattningsvis manifesteras i denna studie att rum och platser fungerar som gränsöverskridande strukturer i vilka människan skapar mening genom upplevelser och föreställningar om hem. / The following thesis defines home and the feeling of home as more of a state of mind than a concept. Young adults’ perception of home is analyzed in this thesis through mapping out aspects and patterns which may shed insight into how home and the feeling of home is perceived and created. This thesis furthers research undertaken in previous studies on home and domesticity, as well as shed light on how young adults in Malmö perceive home through interviews in their private homes. Through taking inspiration from Henri Lefbvres theory of production of space, in which space can be perceived through three interrelated aspects, this study aims to explore how spacial practices contribute to young adults’ formation of a sense of home. Everyday practices, routines, and networks are all factors that have the potential to influence how young adults ascribe the meaning of home to places. Through a theoretical framework and understanding of the concept sense of place (Easthope, 2004) the study further examines the potential connections between identity and previous experiences of home and home environments in relation to contemporary home making among young adults.  By highlighting both conscious and unconscious elements of homemaking, the study looks to provide an alternative understanding of the definition of home and sense of home, focusing on young adults aged 20-35. To conclude, this paper demonstrates that spaces and places function as cross border structures in which people create meaning through experiences and perceptions of home.
23

Geographic Disparities in Future Global Food Security : Exploring the Impacts of Population Development and Climate Change

Helander, Hanna January 2017 (has links)
Meeting the food demands of a growing population is one of the currently most critical issues for the world community. Additionally, negative impacts of climate change on agriculture are expected in some densely populated regions of developing economies. In this thesis, I examine spatial patterns of future impacts of population development and climate change on food security and how these impacts correlate with current patterns of food security and poverty. I aim to assess the global spatial patterns of food insecurity, concerning the current situation and future prognosis, to quantify the impact of population development and climate change on food security, and to examine to what extent poverty can explain spatial patterns. To identify spatial patterns, I performed a multiple correlation analysis. The aggregated impact estimate of population development and climate change was calculated by adding their respective national predictions. The explanatory power of poverty was evaluated using regression models which contained population development  predictions and current food security as functions of poverty rate. Based on the my results and a literature review I discuss the future geographic disparities of food security and the corresponding consequences for combating hunger. My results show that global geographic disparities are likely to increase substantially, mainly because population, and in turn food demand, will increase strongly in sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the highest decline of resources in relation to population. Impacts of climate change show a similar geographic pattern where foodinsecure regions will be affected the most. I found that poverty is a significant explanatory variable for both population growth and food security. The literature review support causality between variables, which places poverty at the core of food security issues. Poverty causes both a barrier to access food markets and population growth,which ultimately decrease food availability. In order to reach zero hunger for the coming generations, there is an urgent need to redistribute resources, change direction in agriculture practices and implement extensive political measures that carefully consider both local and global contexts.
24

Funnel-Based Control for Coupled Spatiotemporal Specifications / Trattbaserade reglermetoder för kopplade spatiotemporala specifikationer

Mehdifar, Farhad January 2024 (has links)
In the past decade, the integration of spatiotemporal constraints into control systems has emerged as a crucial necessity, driven by the demand for enhanced performance, guaranteed safety, and the execution of complex tasks. Spatiotemporal constraints involve criteria that are dependent on both space and time, which can be represented by time-varying constraints in nonlinear control systems. Funnel-based control methods provide computationally tractable and robust feedback control laws to enforce time-varying constraints in uncertain nonlinear systems. This thesis begins by exploring the application of funnel-based control designs to address performance specifications in coordinate-free formation control of multi-agent systems. Moreover, we develop new robust feedback control schemes dealing with coupled spatiotemporal constraints in uncertain nonlinear systems that cannot be directly addressed by conventional funnel-based control methods. In the first part of the thesis, we present a novel coordinate-free formation control scheme for directed leader-follower multi-agent systems, exhibiting almost global convergence to the desired shape. The synthesis of fully decentralized robust controllers for agents is achieved through the application of the Prescribed Performance Control (PPC) method. This method imposes spatiotemporal funnel constraints on each agent's formation errors, ensuring a predefined transient and steady-state performance while maintaining robustness to system uncertainties. The core idea in this work is the utilization of bipolar coordinates to achieve orthogonal (decoupled) formation errors for each follower agent. This approach not only ensures the global convergence to the desired shape but also facilitates the effective application of the PPC method. In the second part of the thesis, first, we introduce a novel approach that extends funnel-based control schemes to deal with a specific class of time-varying hard and soft constraints. In this work, we employ an online Constraint Consistent Funnel (CCF) planning scheme to tackle couplings between hard and soft constraints. By satisfying these CCF constraints, we ensure adherence to hard (safety) constraints, while soft (performance) constraints are met only when they do not conflict with the hard constraints. Subsequently, we directly employ the PPC design method to craft a robust, low-complexity control law, ensuring that the system's outputs consistently stay within the online planned CCF constraints. In subsequent work, we tackle the challenge of satisfying a generalized class of potentially coupled time-varying output constraints. We show that addressing multiple constraints effectively boils down to formulating a single consolidating constraint. Ensuring the fulfillment of this consolidating constraint guarantees both convergence to and invariance of the time-varying output-constrained set within a user-defined finite time. Building on the PPC design method, we introduce a novel, robust low-complexity feedback control framework to handle this issue in uncertain high-order MIMO nonlinear control systems. Additionally, we present a mechanism for online modification of the consolidating constraint to secure a least-violating solution when constraint infeasibilities occur for an unknown time interval. / Under det senaste decenniet har integrationen av bivillkor i tid och rum för reglersystem framstått som en nödvändighet, driven av efterfrågan på förbättrad prestanda, garanterad säkerhet och utförandet av komplexa uppgifter. Bivillkor i tid och rum för icke-linjära reglersystem kan representeras av tidsvarierande bivillkor. Trattbaserade reglermetoder ("funnel-based control") tillhandahåller beräkningsmässigt hanterbara och robusta återkopplingslagar för att garantera tidsvarier-ande bivillkor i osäkra icke-linjära system. Denna avhandling börjar med att utforska tillämpningen av trattbaserade kontrollmetoder för att hantera prestanda-specifikationer i koordinatfri formationskontroll av multiagentsystem. Dessutom utvecklar vi nya robusta återkopplingslagar som hanterar kopplade bivillkor i tid och rum för osäkra icke-linjära system som inte direkt kan hanteras av konventionella trattbaserade kontrollmetoder. I den första delen av avhandlingen presenterar vi en ny koordinatfri formationskontrollmetod för riktade ledare-följare multiagentsystem, vilken uppvisar nästan global konvergens till den önskade formen. Syntesen av helt decentraliserade robusta regulatorer för agenter uppnås genom tillämpning av Prescribed Performance Control (PPC)-metoden. Denna metod lägger på trattbivillkor i tid och rum på varje agents formationsfel och säkerställer en fördefinierad transient och stationär prestanda samtidigt som robusthet mot systemosäkerheter bibehålls. Kärnan i detta arbete är användningen av bipolära koordinater för att uppnå ortogonala (frikopplade) formationsfel för varje följande agent. Detta tillvägagångssätt säkerställer inte bara global konvergens till den önskade formen utan underlättar också en effektiva tillämpning av PPC-metoden. I den andra delen av avhandlingen introducerar vi först ett nytt tillvägagångssätt som utökar trattbaserade kontrollmetoder för att hantera en specifik klass av tidsvar-ierande hårda och mjuka bivillkor. I detta arbete använder vi en online Constraint Consistent Funnel (CCF)-planeringsmetod för att tackla sammankopplingar mellan hårda och mjuka bivillkor. Genom att uppfylla dessa CCF-bivillkor säkerställer vi efterlevnad av hårda (säkerhets-) bivillkor, medan mjuka (prestanda-) bivillkor uppfylls endast när de inte strider mot de hårda bivillkoren. Därefter tillämpar vi direkt PPC-designmetoden för att utforma en robust reglerlag med låg komplexitet som säkerställer att systemets utsignal konsekvent håller sig inom de online planerade CCF-bivillkoren. Därefter hanterar vi utmaningen med att uppfylla en generaliserad klass av potentiellt kopplade tidsvarierande utsignals-bivillkor. Vi visar att effektiv hantering av flera bivillkor i grund och botten handlar om att formulera ett sammanfattande bivillkor. Uppfyllandet av detta sammanfattande bivillkor garanterar både konvergens till och invarians av den tidsvarierande mängden som uppfyller utsignalsbivillkoren, inom en användardefinierad begränsad tid. Baserat på PPC-designmetoden introducerar vi en ny, robust återkopplingsregulatorstruktur för att hantera detta problem i osäkra högordnings MIMO icke-linjära reglersystem. Dessutom presenterar vi en mekanism för online-modifiering av det sammanfattande bivillkoret för att säkra en lösning med minsta möjliga kränkning då bivillkoren blir omöjliga att uppfylla under en okänd tidsperiod. / <p>QC 20231229</p>
25

Flexibla lärmiljöers flexibilitet : hinder eller möjligheter? / The flexibility of flexible learning environments : constraints or possibilities

Östlin, Therese January 2021 (has links)
Examensarbetet syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur flexibla lärmiljöer beskrivs och förstås i forskningspublikationer inom det internationella forskningsfältet Lärmiljöer. Med avstamp i rumslig teori undersöks vilka resultat som tidigare forskning presenterar i relation till flexibla lärmiljöer. Vidare undersöks vilka eventuella rumsliga dimensioner som tillskrivs dem samt hur begreppet flexibilitet beskrivs, förstås och appliceras på flexibla lärmiljöer.   För att söka svar på studiens frågeställningar genomfördes en kvalitativ kunskapsöversikt genom insamling av data via databassökning. Studieobjektet utgörs av tidigare genomförda forskningsstudier från åren mellan 1989-2021. Utvalda vetenskapliga artiklar granskades, kartlades, rapporterades, analyserades och syntetiserades i framträdande teman.  Huvudresultatet visar bland annat att flexibla lärmiljöer blir ett allt vanligare inslag i och med en ökad orientering mot elevcentrerad och individbaserad undervisning. En sådan undervisning kräver att lärmiljöerna baseras på individens behov och möjliggör variationsrika metoder varför många skolor genomgår en övergång från traditionella klassrum till flexibla lärmiljöer. Ytterligare resultat pekar på att en sådan övergång är förenad med många utmaningar på grund av att utformningen av den fysiska miljön med ökad flexibilitet och de öppnare ytorna inte alltid är i samspel med organisering och pedagogisk praxis. En övergripande slutsats utifrån studien är att flexibiliteten leder till ökade valmöjligheter för lärarna vad gäller ändamålsenlig utformning av lärmiljön och att kunskap om rumslig teori och begreppet flexibilitet kan öka lärares rumsliga medvetenhet och kompetens så att den ökade flexibiliteten i högre grad kan uppfattas som möjligheter snarare än hinder.
26

"Medan detta nya fruktansvärda hände i Kramfors, stod mamma i köket och putsade prästgårdssilvret" : hushållssysslor som hemmets rumsliga praktiker. Thorvall, Johansson och Sandberg / "While these new and horrible things happened in Kramfors, mother was in the kitchen polishing silverware from the rectory" : Household chores as spatial practice in novels by Thorvall, Johansson and Sandberg.

Pärsson, Sara January 2015 (has links)
This thesis is a study of spatial practice and literary depictions of homes in novels by Elsie Johansson, Kerstin Thorvall and Kristina Sandberg. The theoretical perspective is based on Henri Lefebvre´s view on social space, and on the concept of spatial practice. Research questions are: What homes are depicted? How does spatial practice function in the texts? How does the depictedspatial practice relate to norms and ideals? The novels, published 1993-2014, depict an interesting period in Swedish history (cirka 1920-1970) when politics and society at large was deeply involved in reshaping the homes and lives of Swedish citizens. The aim was to turn the citizens into new, healthy and rational parts of the new and rational society. Housewives where put in a position where the new rational housekeeping clashed with the standards and practices of earlier generations. Class is found to be a crucial factor in performing and experiencing domesticity in the studied novels. Housewive characters in the Thorvall and Sandberg novels, raised in working class families, struggle in adapting the spatial practice of home in their new middle class environments.Part of the thesis is a discussion on domesticity seen as an adaptive pracitce – catering to the needs of husbands and children. The novels show this, but also depict housework being used as a way to escape unpleasant conversations or forget ones unpleasant feelings. Another task with complex connotations and uses is cleaning. Cleaning in these novels have a strong connection to positive feelings like pleasure and pride, but also to negative feelings of shame and a loss of control. Acting normal to achieve a state of normality within the home and family is a common strategy for the housewives. The material is found to support Lefebvres idea on the importance of spatial practice - sense of home, for the studied housewife characters, is found to be more dependent on spatialpractice than on the home itself.
27

Landscape Dynamics : Spatial analyses of villages and farms on Gotland AD 200-1700

Svedjemo, Gustaf January 2014 (has links)
This dissertation deals with the long-term dynamics and fluctuations of settlements on Gotland for the period from AD 200 up until early modern times. The settlement structure on Gotland is most often described as very stable and consisting of solitary farms, established in the Iron Age. A contrasting view is presented by analyses of a vast source material from different periods. The source material consists of both physical remains, noted in the Swedish national Archaeological Sites Information System, FMIS and large scale historical maps, as well as other written sources. For the first studied period, the locations of some 2 000 houses are known, since they were constructed with sturdy stone walls and are thus preserved. The source material for the following periods is scarcer, but some hundred Viking Age sites are identified, mainly by the find places of silver hoards. By retrogressive analyses of historical maps, from the decades around the year 1700, and other written sources, later periods are analysed. All available data are gathered in geodatabases, which enables both generalised and detailed spatial and statistical analyses. The results of the analyses show a more varied picture, with great fluctuations in the number of farms; the existence of villages is also clearly indicated in a large part of the settlements. The villages are centred on kinship and the lack of strong royal power or landed gentry meant they were not fixed in cadastres, as fiscal units, as villages were on the Swedish mainland. Two peaks, followed by major dips, were identified in the number of settlements and thus in the population. The first peak occurred during the late Roman Iron Age/Migration period, which was followed by a reduction in the Vendel period of possibly up to 30-50%. After this, a recovery started in the Viking Age, which culminated during the heydays of Gotland in the High Middle Ages, with population numbers most probably not surpassed until late in history. This upward trend was broken by the diminishing trade of Gotland, the Medieval agrarian crisis, The Danish invasion and later events. All this resulted in a decline, probably as great as after the Migration period.

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