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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Self-care experiences of Indonesian adults with chronic disease living in Montreal

Lukman, Nurul Akidah 10 1900 (has links)
Contexte : Les auto-soins sont essentiels dans la gestion des maladies chroniques. Ils sont influencés par la culture, les valeurs, la littératie, le soutien des proches et l’accès aux soins. Ce mémoire vise à explorer les expériences d’auto-soins en lien avec les maladies chroniques et divers facteurs aux Indonésiens qui vivent à Montréal. Méthodes : Une approche descriptive qualitative a été utilisée. Huit adultes (hommes et femmes) vivant avec des maladies ont participé. Une analyse thématique a été réalisée. Résultats : Trois thèmes ont émergé : 1) « Qu’est-ce qui favorise les auto-soins chez les Indonésiens? » permet de saisir les différentes sources de soutien et stratégies qui ont aidé les participants à gérer leur maladie; 2) « Défis des auto-soins et de vivre avec une maladie chronique » met en évidence les principaux défis et aux émotions vécues lié aux maladies chroniques; 3) « Attentes par rapport aux auto-soins et au soutien » révèle les déceptions à l’égard des auto-soins et du soutien. Conclusion : Ensemble les thèmes mettent en évidence plusieurs éléments à prendre en compte pendant les soins aux Indonésiens, incluant l’importance de la foi et de la religion, être serviable a une place importante dans les auto-soins, les auto-soins sont un processus d’apprentissage, les auto-soins sont vécus différemment dans le pays d’accueil, le soutien social peut se poursuivre au niveau transnational, les professionnels de la santé doivent fournir des soins plus personnalisés. Mots-clés : auto-gestion, auto-entretient, autosurveillance, diabète, hypertension, arthrite, maladie rénale chronique, immigrants / Background: Self-care is an essential aspect of chronic disease management. This experience is shaped by culture and values, health knowledge/literacy, support from others and access to care. We aimed to explore the chronic illness self-care experiences and various influencing factors among Indonesian immigrants living in Montreal. Methods: We used a qualitative descriptive approach. Eight men and women, living with various chronic illnesses, participated. We conducted a thematic analysis. Results: Three broad themes were identified: 1) “What’s Helpful for Indonesian’ Self-care” captures the different sources of support and/or ways of being and doing that helped the participants manage and monitor their illness and feel well and healthy, both physically and emotionally; 2) “Self-care Challenges and Responses to Living with a Chronic Illness” highlights the key challenges that participants faced while living with a chronic illness and provides a description of how participants responded to living with an illness; 3) “Expectations regarding Self-care and Support” reveals some of the participants’ disappointments regarding their own self-care and/or support. Conclusion: Taken together the themes highlight several important points regarding the self-care experiences of Indonesian immigrants that should be considered during care. These include the importance of faith and religion for Indonesians in self-care; being helpful has an important place in self-care; self-care is a learning process; self-care; including family support, is experienced differently in Canada compared to being in Indonesia; social support may continue transnationally; and there is a need for health care professionals to provide more personalized care. Keywords: self-management, self-maintenance, self-monitoring, chronic illness, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, chronic kidney disease, immigrants
202

Relación entre la culpa, el automonitoreo y la eficacia de la percepción del consumidor con la intención de compra ecológica en la generación millennials de la zona 6 de Lima Metropolitana durante el año 2020 / Relationship between guilt, self-monitoring and consumer perception effectiveness with the green purchase intention of the millennial generation in zone 6 of Metropolitan Lima during the year 2020

Borja Rodriguez, Gabriela Batilda, LLerena Rodriguez, Grettel Yazmin 24 February 2022 (has links)
El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar si existe relación entre la culpa, el automonitoreo y la eficacia de la percepción del consumidor con la intención de compra ecológica de los consumidores millennials de la zona 6 de Lima Metropolitana durante el año 2020. Para ello, se repartieron 354 cuestionarios como herramienta cuantitativa a los millennials de la zona 6 de Lima Metropolitana que contaban con conocimientos sobre la campaña global de comportamiento pro ambiental “La Hora del Planeta” y se recogieron un total de 322 cuestionarios válidos, los cuales se procedieron a cuantificar mediante el programa SPSS Statistics. La investigación se desarrolla con el apoyo de estudios previos sobre la intención de compra ecológica de jóvenes consumidores que residen en países en desarrollo, se recopiló literatura de autores especializados en el área de Marketing tales como Kotler, Armstrong, Ottman y Schiffman. Se utilizó la teoría del comportamiento planificado propuesta por Ajzen con el objetivo de contextualizar la culpa, el automonitoreo, la eficacia de la percepción del consumidor con la intención de compra ecológica. Con los resultados obtenidos, se observa que bajo el contexto de la campaña “La Hora del Planeta” la culpa y la eficacia de la percepción del consumidor guardan relación con la intención de compra ecológica, la cual con lleva a un proceso de decisión de compra ecológico. / The present study was conducted with the objective of determining whether there is a relationship between guilt, self-monitoring and perceived consumer effectiveness with the green purchase intention of millennial consumers in zone 6 of Lima Metropolitan during the year 2020. For this purpose, 354 questionnaires were distributed as a quantitative tool to millennials in zone 6 of Lima Metropolitan who had knowledge about the global pro-environmental behavior campaign "Earth Hour" and a total of 322 valid questionnaires were collected, which were then quantified using the SPSS Statistics program. The research is developed with the support of previous studies on the ecological purchase intention of young consumers residing in developing countries, literature was collected from authors specialized in the Marketing area such as Kotler, Armstrong, Ottman and Schiffman. The theory of planned behavior proposed by Ajzen was used with the objective of contextualizing guilt, self-monitoring, perceived consumer effectiveness with the intention to buy green. With the results collected, it is observed that under the context of the "Earth Hour" campaign, guilt and perceived consumer effectiveness are related to green purchase intention, which leads to a green purchase decision process. / Tesis
203

Digitalization of Healthcare for Heart Failure Patients: An Analysis ofthe Opportunities and Restrictions in the Implementation of Self-Monitoring Systems for Heart Failure Patients in Sweden / Digitalisering av sjukvård för hjärtsviktspatienter: En analys av möjligheter och begränsningar i implementeringen av egenmonitoreringsystem för hjärtsviktspatienter i Sverige

Wessén, Clara January 2022 (has links)
The Swedish government and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, cametogether on a vision that Sweden will be the most advanced country in offering opportunities fordigitalization and e-health by the year of 2025. Self-monitoring is one aspect that can digitizeworkflow in healthcare. This master thesis sought to investigate the opportunities and restrictions when implementingself-monitoring for heart failure patients in Swedish healthcare. Starting from the holisticperspective as an analysis of the clinician’s interest and the need for self-monitoring systemsby conducting a mixed method approach. Surveys were sent out to different county councilsin Sweden working with heart failure patients, and interviews were conducted withrepresentatives from primary care, specialist care, and advanced home health care. Secondly,interviews were conducted with stakeholders from the field of implementation in order togather qualitative results on the organizational, legal, and technical influencing factors,challenges, and requirements in Swedish healthcare. The qualitative data were processedthrough thematic analysis and the quantitative data was processed through descriptive analysis. The results gathered from clinicians consisted of three areas regarding functionality demandsin self-monitoring systems. The results gathered in the aspect of implementation consisted ofthree main organizational influencing aspects, three solution models from a legal perspective,as well as three aspects related in the field of technology and IT. / Sveriges regering och SKR gick samman om en vision om att Sverige ska vara det land somhar kommit längst med att erbjuda möjligheter till digitalisering av vård till år 2025. Egenmon-itorering är en aspekt som kan digitalisera arbetsflöden i vården. Detta masterarbete ämnade att undersöka möjligheter och begränsningar vid implementeringav egenmonitorering för hjärtsviktspatienter i svensk sjukvård. En mixad metodinriktninggenomfördes, som delades upp i två huvudsakliga delar. Första delen ämnade sig till kliniker,där enkäter skickades ut till olika landsting i Sverige som arbetar med hjärtsviktspatienter,samt intervjuer som genomfördes med representanter från primärvård, specialistvård ochavancerad hemsjukvård. Den första delen ämnade till att undersöka klinikers intresse ochbehov av egenmonitorering. Den andra delen bestod av intervjuer med ämnesexperter inomimplementation och digitalisera system för svensk sjukvård. Intervjuerna medimplementationsexperterna genererade kvalitativa resultat utifrån ett organisatoriskt, juridisktoch tekniskt perspektiv. Den kvalitativa datan bearbetades genom en tematisk analys och den kvantitativa datanbearbetades genom en deskriptiv analys. Resultaten som samlats in från kliniker bestod av treområden avseende funktionalitetskrav i egenmonitoreringssystem. Resultaten som samladesin gällande implementationen i svensk sjukvård bestod av tre huvudsakliga organisatoriskapåverkande aspekter, tre lösningsmodeller ur ett juridiskt perspektiv, samt tre aspekterrelaterade till teknik och IT.
204

Hur påverkas den psykosociala arbetsmiljön av en hybrid arbetsplats? / How is the psychosocial work environment affected by a hybrid workplace?

Andersson, Samuel, Clausson, Albin January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: Hybrida arbetsplatser är ett relativt nytt fenomen som ökar frekvent i samhället. Detta beror delvis på att organisationer strävar efter en ökad effektivitet samtidigt som de vill erbjuda sina anställda en flexibilitet. Forskning visar att enbart arbeta på distans kan ha ennegativ påverkan på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön, därav är det relevant att undersöka hur det förhåller sig kring hybrida arbetsplatser. Syfte: Studien ämnar belysa hur en hybrid arbetsplats påverkar den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Detta kan därmed bli väsentligt för de organisationer som erbjuder sina arbetstagare möjligheten att arbeta hybrid, framförallt inom den offentliga sektorn vilket studien inriktat sig på. Således är syftet med studien att öka förståelsen kring relationen mellan en hybrid arbetsplats och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Metod: Genom en kvalitativ studie kunde en ökad förståelse kring hybrida arbetsplatser och deras påverkan på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön studeras. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att få personliga och individuella upplevelser av respondenterna. Slutsats: Studien indikerar att vid en hybrid arbetsplats påverkar följande tre aspekter (1) social, (2) egenkontroll (3) balans, den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. En anledning hänförs till att det sker en ökad balans mellan privatliv och arbetsliv och att detta bidrar till ett ökat välmående. En hybrid arbetsplats bidrar även till att det blir enklare att anpassa och prioritera sina arbetsuppgifter vilket innebär att det kan förebygga och reducera risken för arbetsrelaterade stressmoment. / Background: Hybrid workplaces are a relatively new phenomenon which have increased frequently in the society. This is partly because organizations are striving for greater efficiency while also aiming to offer their employees flexibility. Research shows that only working remotely can have a negative effect on the psychosocial work environment, hence there is a reason to investigate how it relates to hybrid workplaces. Aim: The study aims to increase the understanding on how a hybrid workplace affects the psychosocial work environment. Thus can become an essential part for the organizations that offer their workers to work hybrid, especially in the public sector which the research focused on. Hence, the purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of the relationship between a hybrid workplace and the psychosocial work environment. Method: Through a qualitative method, an increased understanding of hybrid workplaces and their influence on the psychosocial work environment studied. Hence, semi-structured interviews used to obtain personal and individual experiences of the interviewees. Conclusion: The study indicates that in a hybrid workplace, the following three aspects (1) social, (2) self-control (3) balance, affect the psychosocial work environment. One major reason is the increased balance between private life and work life and this contributes to increased well-being. A hybrid workplace also helps to make it easier to adapt and prioritize your tasks, which mean that it can facilitate and reduce the risk of work-related stressors.
205

Peer Review in EFL Writing: Its Effect on Critical Thinking Skills and the Role of Digital Tools in Facilitating the Process / Kamratrespons i skrivning för engelska som andra språk: effekterna på kritiskt tänkande förmågor och rollen av digitala verktyg i främjandet av processen.

Al-kefagy, Murtadha, Nagy, Cristina January 2021 (has links)
This paper focuses on peer reviewing as part of the writing process and as a pedagogical strategy that can help students develop their writing and critical thinking skills. To do so, it examines the extent to which peer reviewing can develop English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ ability to evaluate and reflect on their writing in upper secondary school. Moreover, this study investigates whether digital tools can help to facilitate the peer review process. By reviewing and synthesizing ten empirical studies from the period 2013-2020, the study found that students who engage in peer reviewing in writing develop critical thinking skills, self-regulation and evaluation. It further shows that there is a consensus between researchers regarding the usefulness of peer review in developing critical thinking skills. However, the findings indicate the importance of including guided peer review training before peer review activities. Furthermore, there is a strong indication that digital tools can help facilitate the peer review process if used appropriately. Digital tools help engage students in the peer review process since they are able to interact with each other’s texts online. Lastly, the findings of the study are in line with the Swedish national curriculum and the English syllabus for upper secondary school. Therefore, teachers in Sweden should consider the use of familiar digital tools to engage students in peer review to develop their writing and critical thinking skills.
206

L’appropriation d’un lecteur de glucose connecté à mesure flash chez les personnes vivant avec un diabète en contexte d’éducation thérapeutique

Bouix, Julien 05 1900 (has links)
Cotutelle internationale avec le Laboratoire Éducations et Promotion de la Santé (Santé publique - UR 3412) de l'Université Sorbonne Paris Nord. / L'autosurveillance glycémique est essentielle pour les personnes vivant avec un diabète afin d'évaluer leur glycémie et adapter leurs traitements ou comportements. En France, depuis 2017, le glucomètre connecté à mesure flash FreeStyle Libre est proposé aux personnes vivant avec un diabète à la condition de suivre une éducation spécifique au sein de structures coutumières de l’éducation thérapeutique et du diabète. La littérature scientifique a montré l'efficacité de l'autosurveillance avec ce système, mais il existe peu d'études sur son appropriation et son impact. Cette recherche vise à décrire et comprendre le phénomène d’appropriation du FreeStyle Libre en identifiant comment elle s’est déroulée, comment elle s’opérationnalise, selon quelles interventions, chez qui cela fonctionne, dans quels contextes, et quels sont les mécanismes en jeu. Une évaluation réaliste a été menée en se basant sur une théorie de moyenne portée. Cette recherche a été réalisée au sein de quatre terrains en région parisienne auprès de 48 personnes vivant avec un diabète et professionnels de santé. Tout d’abord, les résultats montrent qu’au cours du temps, les programmes ont évolué dans leurs modalités et contenus, dans la façon dont ils s’organisaient, mais aussi que les interventions éducatives réellement mises en œuvre diffèrent au regard des interventions qui sont censées avoir cours. Ensuite, pour expliquer l’appropriation du FreeStyle Libre, 114 chaînes de contexte-mécanismes et effets ont été construites et éclairent sur l’acceptation du FreeStyle Libre, les conditions et modalités d’utilisation et sur les effets produits grâce à celle-ci. Les chaînes de contextes-mécanismes-effets mettent en évidence des contextes plus favorables à l’appropriation (littératie numérique élevée, empowerment préexistant, engagement dans la démarche d’autogestion…) et des contextes moins favorables (trait de personnalité compulsive, littératie générale ou numérique faible, absence d’éducation et d’accompagnement…). Les mécanismes qui sont générés font appel aux connaissances, à l’absence de crainte sur la confidentialité et l’immixtion dans la vie privée, à la motivation, et aux normes personnelles. L’acceptation du FSL est forte et fait intervenir la perception que la technologie peut contribuer à la performance de l’autosurveillance glycémique et qu’elle est facile à utiliser. Ensuite, l’analyse a permis de discriminer plusieurs modalités d’utilisation suivant des indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs de l’usage. Des effets de l’appropriation sont identifiés dans l’amélioration de la qualité de vie dans le diabète, l’amélioration de la relation interpersonnelle entre soignants et personnes soignées, dans la diminution d’une anxiété liée au diabète, dans l’adaptation des traitements et des comportements et enfin dans la connaissance de la maladie et le raisonnement des personnes. La théorie de moyenne portée finale constituée sur la base de ces résultats adresse un modèle global de l’appropriation du FreeStyle Libre. Cette étude montre qu’il existe de nombreuses variations de l’appropriation. Elle situe que l’éducation à l’utilisation du FreeStyle Libre est nécessaire pour en tirer davantage parti et identifie un manque d’intégration de la technologie connectée dans les programmes d’éducation thérapeutique, ce qui constitue un enjeu particulier pour l’avenir. / Self-monitoring of blood glucose is essential for people living with diabetes to assess their blood glucose levels and adapt their treatment or behaviour. In France, since 2017, the FreeStyle Libre (FSL) flash glucose meter has been offered to people living with diabetes on the condition that they attend a specific education program within facilities accustomed to diabetes and therapeutic education. The scientific literature has shown the efficacy of self-monitoring with this system, but there are few studies on its appropriation and impact. This research aims to describe and understand the phenomenon of appropriation of FreeStyle Libre by identifying how it has been implemented, how it is operationalized, according to which interventions, in whom it works, in which contexts, and what mechanisms are at work. A realist evaluation was carried out based on a middle-range theory. This research was conducted in four settings in the Paris area involving 48 people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals. First of all, the results show that over time, the programmes have evolved in their modalities and contents, in the way they were organized, but also that the implemented educational interventions differed from those that were supposed to take place. Next, to explain the appropriation of FreeStyle Libre, 114 context-mechanism-effect chains were constructed that shed light on the acceptance of FreeStyle Libre, the conditions and modalities of its use, and the effects produced through it. The context-mechanism-effect chains highlight contexts that are more favourable to appropriation (high digital literacy, pre-existing empowerment, commitment to self-management, etc.) and less favourable contexts (compulsive personality trait, low general or digital literacy, lack of education and support, etc.). The mechanisms that are generated involve knowledge, lack of fear about confidentiality and privacy, motivation, and personal norms. Acceptance of the FSL is strong and involves the perception that the technology can contribute to the performance of self-monitoring of blood glucose and that it is easy to use. Then, the analysis allowed us to distinguish several modalities of use according to quantitative and qualitative indicators of use. The effects of appropriation are identified in the improvement of the quality of life in diabetes, the improvement of the interpersonal relationship between caregivers and cared-for persons, the reduction of anxiety related to diabetes, the adaptation of treatments and behaviours, and finally in the knowledge of the disease and the reasoning of the persons. The final middle-range theory built on these results addresses a global model of the appropriation of FreeStyle Libre. This study shows that there are many variations of appropriation. It identifies that education in the use of FreeStyle Libre is needed to get more out of it, and identifies a lack of integration of connected technology into health education programmes, which is a particular challenge for the future.
207

The Effects of a Self-Management Procedure on the On-Task Behavior, Academic Productivity, and Academic Accuracy of Female Students with Disabilities in a Juvenile Correctional High School Setting

Caldwell, Stacy 16 December 2010 (has links)
No description available.
208

Black Male Perspectives of the Role Race Plays with Black Male Leader/Leadership Development in the World of Work

Jamison, Rudolph F., Jr. 01 January 2017 (has links)
There have been relatively few studies examining the leadership of Black men, and even fewer studies examining the leadership of Black men from the phenomenology of Black men, themselves. The purpose of this Q Methodology study was to examine Black male perspectives of the role race plays with Black male leader/leadership development in the world of work. The study was designed as an exploratory attempt to surface and understand how 40 emerging African American male leaders in a large, urban city in the SE United States viewed their own leadership development. Elements of socio-analytic theory and leader-member exchange theories were the basis for the conceptual framework. The 40 participants sorted 41 statements reflecting distinct perspectives on the role race plays with Black male leader/leadership development within the world of work. Participants sorted these 41 statements within a forced distribution response grid based on what best reflected their perspectives. These 40 sorts were then correlated and the correlations were factor analyzed and rotated, leading to the extraction of five factors, each representing five distinct, shared perspectives. Following examination and analysis of these five factors, or shared perspectives, the researcher named them: 1) Faithful, Familial, and Resilient, 2) Creative, Faithful, and Independent, 3) Attentive, Connected, and Woke, and 4) Knowledgeable, Congruent, and Unapologetically Black, and 5) Responsible, Faithful, and Supportive. The results of this study suggest there is rich diversity among Black male perspectives regarding their leadership development, and demonstrates important functions outside the workplace. These diverse perspectives and those elements characterizing them should be considered as educators prepare to work with Black males and those preparing to support their development, leadership and otherwise. Finally, the researcher suggests that future research into the experiences and perceptions of Black men continue to seek methodologies that honor and magnify their voices.
209

Association entre la dépression et les comportements reliés aux habitudes de vie et aux soins du diabète dans la population diabétique du Québec

Messier, Lyne C. 05 1900 (has links)
Les personnes atteintes de diabète sont plus à risque de développer la dépression, un fardeau additionnel dans leurs activités quotidiennes. Notre étude auprès d’adultes diabétiques résidant au Québec vise à en déterminer les caractéristiques lorsque la dépression fait partie du tableau clinique. Hypothèse 1: Les adultes québécois atteints de diabète et de dépression (dépression majeure et mineure) seront plus prédisposés à avoir des indicateurs reliés aux habitudes de vie, aux soins du diabète et à l’efficacité personnelle vis-à-vis du contrôle du poids et de la quantité d’aliments consommés, moins favorables que les sujets diabétiques sans dépression. Hypothèse 2: Chez les Québécois atteints de diabète de type 2, l’association entre la dépression et l’obésité sera affectée par les indicateurs de la Variation Cyclique du Poids (VCP) et de l’efficacité personnelle. Hypothèse 3: Chez les Québécois atteints de diabète de type 2, ceux qui auront développé ou maintenu une dépression au cours de 12 mois, seront plus susceptibles de détériorer les indicateurs reliés à leurs habitudes de vie et à leur efficacité personnelle. Des personnes diabétiques au Québec ont été recrutées à l’aide d’un sondage téléphonique. Des adultes, hommes et femmes, âgés de 18 à 80 ans étaient éligibles à participer. La dépression était déterminée par le questionnaire PHQ-9 « Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ». Au total, 3 221 individus ont été contactés au départ de l’étude; 2 003 ont participé à l’étude (93% type 2)et 1 234 ont participé au suivi de 12 mois. La prévalence de dépression mineure et majeure était de 10,9% et 8,7%, respectivement. Cinquante-trois pourcent des sujets avec dépression majeure avaient deux ou trois indicateurs malsains (tabagisme, inactivité ou obésité), 33% des sujets avaient une dépression mineure et 21% des sujets étaient non déprimés. Les résultats des analyses de régression logistique ont révélé que les sujets dépressifs étaient plus susceptibles d’être de sexe féminin, moins instruits, non mariés,sédentaires, fumeurs, percevaient plus souvent avoir une faible maîtrise du contrôle de la quantité d’aliments ingérés et tendaient davantage à mesurer leur glycémie au moins une fois par jour (p<0,05). Chez les patients avec le diabète de type 2, l’association entre la dépression et l’obésité a été affectée par les variables de la VCP et d’efficacité personnelle. Une année après le début de l’étude, 11,5% des sujets ont développé une dépression et 10% ont maintenu leur état dépressif. Les sujets ayant développé une dépression ou persisté dans leur état de dépression étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir été inactifs au début de l’étude ou d’être restés inactifs au suivi de 12 mois, et d’avoir maintenu une perception d’un faible contrôle de leur poids corporel et de la quantité d’aliments ingérés. Cependant, les changements de statut de dépression n’étaient pas associés à des changements de l’indice de masse corporelle. En conclusion, l’inactivité physique et une faible efficacité personnelle sont des facteurs importants dans le développement et la persistance de la dépression chez les patients diabétiques et méritent d’être considérés dans le traitement. / Individuals with diabetes are at a greater risk of developing depression, an additional burden for their daily activities. The aim of our study is to determine the characteristics of individuals with depression, in a Quebec population of adults with diabetes. Hypothesis 1: adults in Quebec with diabetes and with depression (major and minor), compared to those without depression, will be more likely to have less healthy lifestyle and care related indicators, and poorer self-efficacy indicators related to control of body weight and amount of food eaten. Hypothesis 2: among adults in Quebec with type 2 diabetes, the association between depression and obesity will be affected by weight cycling and self-efficacy indicators. Hypothesis 3: adults in Quebec with type 2 diabetes who developed or maintained depression during a 12 month period will be more likely to worsen their lifestyle and self-efficacy related indicators. A telephone survey was conducted to recruit individuals with diabetes residing in Québec. Male and female adults, 18 to 80 years of age, were eligible to participate. A total of 3221 subjects were contacted at the beginning of the study; 2003 participated in the study (93% type 2) and 1234 participated in the 12 month follow-up survey. The prevalence of major and minor depression was 10.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Fifty three percent of subjects with major depression had two or three unhealthy indicators (smoking, inactivity or obesity), 33% of subjects were having minor depression and 21% of subjects were without depression. The results of logistic regression analyses indicated that depression was more likely to be associated with being female, less educated, not married, inactive, smoking, having a poor perception of controlling amount of food eaten, and testing blood glucose on a daily basis more frequently (p<0.05). Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, the association between depression and obesity was affected by the variables of weight cycling and self-efficacy. At the 12-month follow-up, 11.5% of subjects developed depression and 10% maintained their depressed state. Individuals who developed depression or maintained their depressed state were more likely to have been physically inactive at the start of the study or to have remained inactive at the 12-month follow-up, and to have maintained a perception of a poor control of body weight and amount of food eaten. However, changes in depression status were not associated with changes in body mass index. In conclusion, physical inactivity and poor self-efficacy play an important roles in the development and persistence of depression in diabetic patients,underlying the usefulness of acting on these multiple factors during treatment.
210

Einfluss der Kohlenhydratzufuhr auf den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel Schwangerer mit und ohne Gestationsdiabetes, gemessen mit dem kontinuierlich messenden Glukosesensor (CGMS ®, Fa. MedtronicMinimed ®)

Engel, Barbara 22 May 2006 (has links)
Der Gestationsdiabetes betrifft etwa 5 von 100 Schwangeren. In unserer prospektiven, randomisierten Studie mit Crossover-Design untersuchten wir den Einfluß der Kohlenhydrataufnahme auf den Glukosestoffwechsel Schwangerer. 18 Gestationsdiabetikerinnen, 9 Frauen mit eingeschränkter Glukosetoleranz und 25 Kontrollen haben jeweils eine Woche eine kohlenhydratarme (35 Energieprozent) und eine kohlenhydratreiche (55 Energieprozent) Diät durchgeführt. Auswirkungen wurden anhand des konventionellen BZTPs und des kontinuierlich messenden Glukosesensors CGMS® untersucht. Die KH-Aufnahme wurde mittels einer Ernährungsberatung deutlich beeinflußt, und lag bei 39 % in der KH-reduzierten, und bei 49 % in der KH-reichen Woche. Nach DDG-Kriterien hatte der KH-Anteil bei keiner Gruppe einen signifikanten Einfluß bezüglich der Insulinpflicht. Dagegen waren der BZTP-Mittelwert und die AUC (area under the curve des CGMS®) der GDMs und der Kontrollen signifikant niedriger in der KH-armen Woche. In dieser Woche nahmen die Probandinnen auch eine niedrigere Energiemenge zu sich. Bei einer selektierten Untergruppe konnten wir diesen Einfluß ausgrenzen, und für die Kontrollgruppe eine signifikante Erniedrigung bezüglich der BZTP-Mediane und der AUCs nachweisen. Diese Beobachtungen belegen, daß ein höherer Kohlenhydratanteil mit erhöhten Blutzuckerwerten assoziiert ist. Außerdem wurde ein größerer Einfluß einer kohlenhydratarmen Ernährung auf die postprandialen als auf die Nüchternwerte festgestellt. Wegen der Auswirkungen auf das fetale Wachstum soll man bei Gestationsdiabetikerinnen eine kohlenhydratarme Ernährung empfehlen. / Gestational diabetes affects about 5 % of pregnancies. In our randomized prospective study with crossover design we examined the influence of carbohydrate intake on the glucose metabolism of pregnant women. 18 women with gestational diabetes, 9 with impaired glucose tolerance and 25 controls were put on a low (35 energy %) carbohydrate diet for one week and a high (55 energy %) carbohydrate diet for another. Blood glucose levels were recorded by self-monitoring and with a continuous glucose monitoring sensor (CGMS ®). Carbohydrate intake was strongly influenced by dietary advice, amounting to 39% into the low carbohydrate and 49% in the high carbohydrate week. According to DDG criteria, carbohydrate intake had no significant influence on insulin requirements. In contrast, mean blood glucose levels and the AUC (area under of the curve of the CGMS ®) were significantly lower for both gestational diabetics and controls in the low carbohydrate week. During this week, the average caloric intake was also reduced. We could exclude this influence for a selected subgroup, in which the controls displayed a significant reduction in median glucose levels and the AUCs. We could thus show that a higher carbohydrate content is associated with raised blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the influence of a low carbohydrate diet was greater on postprandial than on fasting levels. Because of the effects on fetal growth, one should recommend a low carbohydrate diet for gestational diabetics.

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