Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) adherence is a crucial component of the patient management framework for people living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). Trait emotional intelligence is “the constellation of behavioural-dispositions and self-perceived abilities to recognise, process, and utilise emotion-laden information”. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was a correlation between ART adherence behaviour and behavioural-dispositions related to trait emotional intelligence among HIV/AIDS infected people receiving ART at the regional public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The study used observational, analytical, and cross-sectional research design. The participants were selected through a proportionally stratified systematic random sampling method. Data collection was through a structured self-report questionnaire format. The findings showed that 79.1% had optimal ART adherence behaviour; 84.4% had average trait emotional intelligence. The research finding showed a statistically significant positive correlation between ART adherence behaviour and behavioural-dispositions related to trait emotional intelligence at (r =0.417, n=392, P<0.001). / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

This work embarks on a study of the use and interpretation of the term ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> (self-control) in the principal Pauline letters. But, first of all, a study is made of the use of this term in the literature outside the New Testament. It becomes clear that ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> was a cardinal virtue closely associated with <font face="symbol">syvrosung</font> (temperance), one of the four basic Greek virtues. The emphasis fell particularly on the educated person's ability to control himself through strict self-discipline. However, this idea of self-control is alien to the tradition of the Old Testament. Only through the Hellenised Wisdom literature it became part of the Judaism of Paul's time. Through an exegetical analysis of Paul's use of the modes of the term ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font>; in 1 Corinthians 7:5, 9 and 9:25, as well as in Galatians 5:23; it becomes clear that to him ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> was part of the love with which believers served one another, within the freedom to which Christ has called them. It was the result of divine empowerment and control, because it was part of the fruit of the Holy Spirit. Although Paul also utilised the term as a virtue, to him it was not primarily characteristic of a person, but rather characterised the restrained and sacrificial managing of rights and privileges in relationships within the faith community. His own style of apostleship was a good example, because he willingly gave up his right to receive recompense for preaching the gospel. He illustrated this behaviour with the metaphor of an athlete's willingness to disregard certain rights with the eye on his goal. Believers should similarly be charitable towards one another. Nevertheless, regarding the control of sexual desires, Paul went a little further in his use of ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font>. Although he did not denounce matrimony, it was his opinion that a distinctly demarcated group of believers received the gift to easily control their sexual desires. He advised them to stay celibate in order to devote themselves even more to God's service. Comparing Paul's utilisation of ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> with the use of writers outside the New Testament, confirms his creative harnessing of concepts from the cultures in his environment. But it was not the classical or Hellenistic interpretation of ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> that influenced him. The Hellenised Judaism of the Septuagint formed Paul's concept of ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font>. Nevertheless, his utilisation of the term was innovative original: by angling the Christian view away from the Hellenistic self-centredness, and focusing it on a loving and altruistic managing of rights and liberties, he thoroughly christianised the term. A study of the church's understanding of Paul reveals that his use of ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> was mostly misunderstood. Again the term was understood and utilised as depicting the virtue of self-discipline in the classical and Hellenistic sense of the word. This, in turn, led to widespread incidence of asceticism and celibacy in the church. Even some views that lay behind modern day legalism and pietistic tendencies, originated from this understanding by the church of ’<font face="symbol">egkr</font>´<font face="symbol">ateia</font> . / Dissertation (PhD (New Testament Science))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

This work examines sleep apnea syndrome, sleep physiology and self control of respiration during sleep. There is a review of respiration disorders during sleep and methods of monitoring sleep apnea syndrome. In another part the data of monitoration are processed and method of flow, saturation and snoring signal events detection is described, program algorithm is described and results are presented.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Assessments of delay discounting in rodent lines bidirectionally selected for home cage intake and preference of alcohol have had mixed findings. The current study sought to examine if delay discounting related differentially to alcohol seeking versus and alcohol drinking, two processes underlying alcohol intake and preference. Three strains of rats were utilized to answer this question Long Evans (LE), high alcohol drinking rats (HAD2), and alcohol preferring P rats. All strains were compared in an adjusting amount delay discounting task. Operant self-administration of alcohol was then assessed in the sipper tube model, and finally home cage drinking was assessed in a 24 hour 2 bottle choice paradigm. In the delay discounting it was found that the P rats were steeper discounters than both the LE and HAD2. In the sipper tube model, P rats displayed higher levels of seeking than both the HAD2s and the LE, but both the P rats and the HAD2s had higher intakes than the LE. During 24 hour home cage access, the P rats and the HAD2s had higher intake and preference for alcohol than the LE, but were not different from each other. These results show that increased discounting of delayed rewards tracks with appetitive processes versus consummatory factors and home cage intake of alcohol. This builds on prior findings using selected line pairs by providing an explanation for discordant results, and supports the hypotheses that increased delay discounting is an intermediate phenotype that predisposes individuals to alcohol use disorders.

Bakgrund: Som en del av den digitala utvecklingen har e-handeln vuxit med stormsteg de senaste åren. Parallellt med denna utveckling finns det ett växande fokus på miljömässig hållbarhet, vilket gör att e-handeln, ur miljösynpunkt, framstår som negativ. Leveranserna för de varor som köps på internet bidrar exempelvis till en stor mängd koldioxidutsläpp. Både företag och konsumenter delar därför ett ansvar att motverka negativ miljöpåverkan som en konsekvens av exempelvis konsumtion. Syfte: Syftet har varit att undersöka svenska e-handelskonsumenters val av och betalningsvilja för ett klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ. Hänsyn har även tagits till konsumenternas grad av miljöengagemang för att avgöra om det har en avgörande betydelse för relationen mellan valet av klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ och betalningsviljan. Tillsammans med syftet utformades fyra frågeställningar med tillhörande hypoteser. Metod: Tvärsnittsstudien omfattades av en enkätundersökning som genomfördes online. Urvalet har varit studenter och totalt samlades 195 användbara enkätsvar in. Regressionsanalyser, inklusive en multipel regressionsanalys med en moderator, har genomförts för att testa hypoteserna. Resultat: Resultatet gav stöd för samtliga hypoteser. 1) E-handelskonsumenter som väljer ett klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ har en större betalningsvilja för ett sådant leveransalternativ. 2) Miljöengagerade e-handelskonsumenter är mer benägna att välja ett klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ. 3) Miljöengagerade e-handelskonsumenter är mer benägna att betala för ett klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ. 4) Graden av miljöengagemang har en modererande effekt på relationen mellan e-handelskonsumenters val av ett klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ och betalningsviljan för ett sådant leveransalternativ. Slutsats och bidrag: Resultatet från studien har kunnat anknytas till teorier från tidigare forskning, där några av dessa berör lågkostnads-/högkostnadsmodellen, självkontrollkapacitet, ekoskuld samt moral licensing. Studien bidrar med insikter på relationen som miljöengagerade e-handelskonsumenter har till klimatkompenserade leveransalternativ. Det är tänkbart att resultatet kan användas av e-handelsföretag och distributörer när det kommer till hur de arbetar med hållbara leveransalternativ och vad som erbjuds e-handelskonsumenter. I och med att studiens resultat tyder på att e-handelskonsumenter, främst de som är miljöengagerade, är villiga att välja samt betala för att få ett klimatkompenserat leveransalternativ, är det därför viktigt att ett sådant alternativ går att välja. / Background: As part of digital development, e-commerce has grown very much the recent years. In parallel with this development, there is a growing focus on environmental sustainability, which makes e-commerce, from an environmental point of view, appear negative. For example, the deliveries of the goods purchased online contribute to a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, both companies and consumers share a responsibility to counteract negative environmental impacts as a consequence of, for example, consumption. Purpose: The purpose has been to examine Swedish e-commerce consumers' choice of and willingness to pay for a climate-compensated delivery option. Consideration has also been taken of consumers' degree of environmental commitment to determine whether it is of decisive importance for the relationship between the choice of climate-compensated delivery option and the willingness to pay. Together with the purpose, four research questions were formulated with associated hypotheses. Methodology: The study was conducted with an online survey. The sample was students and a total of 195 useful questionnaire responses were collected. Regression analyzes, including a multiple regression analysis with a moderator, were performed to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results provided support for all hypotheses. 1) E-commerce consumers who choose a climate-compensated delivery alternative have a greater willingness to pay for such a delivery alternative. 2) Environmentally committed e-commerce consumers are more likely to choose a climate-compensated delivery alternative. 3) Environmentally committed e-commerce consumers are more likely to pay for a climate-compensated delivery alternative. 4) The degree of environmental commitment has a moderating effect on the relationship between e-commerce consumers' choice of a climate-compensated delivery alternative and the willingness to pay for such a delivery option. Conclusion and contribution: The results from the study could be linked to theories from previous research, where some of these concern the low-cost / high-cost model, self-control capacity, eco-debt, and moral licensing. The study contributes insights into the relationship that environmentally committed e-commerce consumers have with climate-compensated delivery options. It is possible that the results can be used by e-commerce companies and distributors when it comes to how they work with sustainable delivery options and what is offered to e-commerce consumers. As the results of the study indicate that e-commerce consumers, mainly those who are environmentally committed, are willing to choose and pay for a climate-compensated delivery option, it is therefore important that such an alternative can be chosen. (This paper is written in Swedish.)

Объектом исследования явилась жизнестойкость лиц с нарушениями зрения. Предметом исследования стали предикторы жизнестойкости лиц с нарушениями зрения. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы (134 источника) и 6 приложений, включающих в себя описание применявшихся методик и компонентов жизнестойкости, информационное письмо для родителей испытуемых, бланк для выбора шрифта, комфортного для чтения, таблицы с основными качественными и статистическими результатами исследования. Объем магистерской диссертации составляет 124 страницы, на которых размещены 15 рисунков-диаграмм и 11 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая и вторая главы включают в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования. Первая глава включает в себя описание представлений о понятии «жизнестойкость» (филологический, философский, психологический, социологический, педагогический аспекты жизнестойкости); рассматриваются этапы становления жизнестойкости лиц с ОВЗ в историческом контексте. Вторая глава включает в себя описание жизнестойкости лиц с ОВЗ в общем, и нарушениями зрения, в частности; жизнестойкость родителей, воспитывающих детей с нарушениями зрения. Выводы по первой и второй главам представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Третья глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации, процедуры и выборки испытуемых, методов, методик проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Тест жизнестойкости С. Мадди (в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. И. Рассказовой); Шкала оптимизма и активности (Шкала AOS) (Н. Водопьянова, М. Штейн); Тест-опросник самоотношения (В. В. Столин, С. Р. Пантелеев); Опросник копинг-стратегий СОРЕ Ч. Карвера и др. (в адаптации Гордеевой, Е. Н. Осина, Е. И. Рассказовой и др. (2010)); Опросник «Стиль саморегуляции поведения» (ССП-98); Методика Ш. Шварца (Ценностный опросник (ЦО) Шварца). Также в главе представлены качественный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 3 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the research is resilience of people with sight disabilities. The subject of the research is predictors of people’s resilience with sight disabilities. The master’s thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (134 sources) and 6 appendixes. The appendixes include the description of resilience components and techniques applied in our research, a letter of information addressed to parents of children who have taken part in our research, a type list designed for choosing its appropriate size, charts contained main qualitative and statistic research results. The master’s thesis contains 124 pages and includes 15 diagrams and 11 charts. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the scientific development of the problem, the aim and the objectives of the research. The introduction also highlights the object and the subject of our research, the hypothesis of the research, the used methods and the empirical base. Foreign and Russian literature on our research problem is reviewed in the first and the second chapters. The Chapter 1 describes a concept of resilience (its philological, philosophical, psychological, sociological and pedagogic aspects) and reveals the stages of resilience formation of people with disabilities in the historical context. The Chapter 2 describes the resilience of people with disabilities in general and the resilience of people with sight disabilities in particular. The second chapter also highlights the resilience of parents who bring up children with sight disabilities. Conclusions on the first and second chapters are the results of the study of theoretical material. The Chapter 3 is devoted to the empiric part of the research. It presents descriptions of the organization, the sample group of people, the methods and techniques used in the research and the results obtained on Hardiness Test by S. Maddi (adapted by D. Leontjev, E. Rasskasova); AOS by N. Vodopyanova, M. Stein; Self-relation Test by V. Stolin, S. Panteleev; Cope Inventory by C. Carver (adapted by T. Gordeeva, E. Osin, E. Rasskasova and others); Behavioral Self-regulation Style questionnaire; Value Survey by S. Schwartz. The third chapter also demonstrates qualitative and correlation analyses of the research results. The conclusions of Chapter 3 include the main results of the empirical research. The conclusion of master’s thesis generally presents the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work. It also describes the conclusions on the developed hypotheses, practical importance of the study and possible prospects for further development of this problem.

Title: An active chain process of self-leadership: Dynamically practising self-leading strategies for sustainability. Keywords: Active and dynamic, Chain process of self-leadership, Self-leadership strategies Background: Sustainability is important and of current interest, requiring all organisations to be well-functioning, committed to sustainability and create strategic decisions for their long-term sustainability. Organisations thence benefit from training the employees into self-leaders, as it results in beneficial outcomes that lead to greatness within organisations, and hence society at large. Research question: Why do individuals succeed in maintaining and practising an active chain process of self-leadership? Purpose: This study aims to understand why individuals sustain maintaining an active chain process of self-leadership by dynamically practising self-leadership strategies, where they continue to be self-aware, manage and lead themselves, practice self-leadership strategies, attain self-efficacy and achieve beneficial outputs that in extension contribute to a more efficient and long-term sustainable society. To better understand what activates the chain process of self-leadership and creates the dynamic, the authors have developed a summarising model (see model 5.1 in chapter 5). Method: The study is of qualitative character with an abductive research approach, where the empirical data have been collected through semi-structured interviews and a collective case study design with ten informants who practise self-leadership, and then analysed by the Gioia method. Findings: The chain process of self-leadership is holistic and what maintains it active are feelings of well-being, competence, and efficacy, as well as succeeding, contributing to a greater good and seeing things in a greater context. Of significance is to be reminded and followed up regularly. Paper type: Master thesis

Active Approaches provide chances for individual, comprehension-oriented learning and can facilitate the acquirement of general mathematical competencies. Using the example of pinboards, which were developed for different areas of the secondary level, workshop participants experience, discuss and further develop learning tasks, which can be used for free activities, for material based concept formation, for coping with heterogeneity, for intelligent exercises, as tool for the presentation of students’ work and as basis for games. The material also allows some continuous movements and can thus prepare an insightful usage of dynamic geometry programs. Central Part of the workshop is a work-sharing group work with learning tasks for grades 5 to 8. The workshop will close with a discussion of general aspects of material-based learning.

Active Approaches provide chances for individual, comprehension-oriented learning and can facilitate the acquirement of general mathematical competencies. Using the example of pinboards, which were developed for different areas of the secondary level, workshop participants experience, discuss and further develop learning tasks, which can be used for free activities, for material based concept formation, for coping with heterogeneity, for intelligent exercises, as tool for the presentation of students’ work and as basis for games. The material also allows some continuous movements and can thus prepare an insightful usage of dynamic geometry programs. Central Part of the workshop is a work-sharing group work with learning tasks for grades 5 to 8. The workshop will close with a discussion of general aspects of material-based learning.

Abstract in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / The fostering of self-regulation is of great importance in the Early Childhood Development (ECD) phase, because it leads to future self-discipline. The aim of the study was to understand the participants’ ways of fostering self-regulation during free play in three primary schools in Zimbabwe. The theoretical frameworks of the study, namely positive psychology and Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory (SDT), as well as the Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT), regarded the learners’ support for autonomy, competence and relatedness as key characteristics of positive discipline that support the development of self-regulation. Benner’s interpretive phenomenology method was used with the aim of describing and interpreting participants’ experiences of the phenomenon under study. The social constructivism paradigm underpinned the study and the approach was qualitative. Data collection and analysis were guided by Benner’s interpretive phenomenological method. A paradigm case, themes and exemplars were used in data presentation, discussion and interpretation. Findings showed that free-play activities consisted of, for instance, socio-dramatic play, indoor play in play corners and outdoor play. The common practices used by the participants to foster self-regulation through positive discipline were co-regulation, positive reinforcement, time-out and logical consequences. Teachers and learners often perceived the teachers’ use of time-out and logical consequences as punishment rather than positive discipline, because of the rigidity of its application without considering psychosocial needs. The findings, however, were consistent with an understanding of fostering self-regulation through positive discipline during free play by nurturing the learners’ psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, as well as mindfulness. Research proposed mindfulness as a possible fourth basic psychological need. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for achieving a better and sustainable future for all people by 2030, participants perceived the fostering of self-regulation through positive discipline as part of gender education for eradicating gender-based violence and to foster resilience. / Selfregulering moet in die vroeë kinderjare reeds by klein kinders gekweek word sodat hulle later in die lewe in staat sal wees om selfdissipline aan die dag te lê. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel hoe die deelnemers by drie laerskole in Zimbabwe gedurende vrye spel selfregulering by leerders gekweek het. Die drie teoretiese raamwerke waarop hierdie studie berus, is die positiewe sielkunde, Deci en Ryan se selfbeskikkingsteorie (SBT) en die teorie van basiese psigososiale behoeftes (TBSB). Hiervolgens is die bevrediging van kinders se behoefte aan outonomie, bedrewenheid (‘competence’) en verhoudings (‘relatedness’) voorvereistes vir die positiewe dissiplinering waarmee selfregulering by hulle gekweek word. Benner se metode van interpretatiewe fenomenologie is gevolg om deelnemers se belewing van die fenomeen te beskryf en te vertolk. Die sosiale konstruktivisme het die grondslag van hierdie studie gevorm, en die benadering was kwalitatief. Data is volgens Benner se metode van interpretatiewe fenomenologie ingewin en ontleed. ʼn Paradigmageval, temas en voorbeelde (‘exemplars’) is in die aanbieding, bespreking en interpretasie van data gebruik. Volgens die bevindings het vryespelaktiwiteite bestaan uit onder meer sosiaal-dramatiese spel, binnenshuise spel in speelhoekies, en buitelugspel. Die praktyke waarvolgens deelnemers selfregulering deur positiewe dissiplinering gekweek het, was onderlinge regulering, positiewe versterking, afkoeltyd en logiese gevolge. Onderwysers en leerders het afkoeltyd en logiese gevolge nie as positiewe dissiplinering nie, maar eerder as straf belewe aangesien dit streng toegepas word en nie met die kind se psigososiale behoeftes rekening hou nie. Die bevindings strook egter met ons siening van die kweek van selfregulering deur positiewe dissiplinering tydens vrye spel deur leerders se psigososiale behoefte aan outonomie, bedrewenheid (‘comptetence’), verhoudings (‘relatedness’) en bewustheid (‘mindfulness’) te bevredig. Navorsers stel bewustheid (‘mindfulness’) as ʼn vierde basiese psigososiale behoefte voor. In ooreenstemming met die Doelwitte vir Volhoubare Ontwikkeling (DVO’s) vir ʼn beter en volhoubare toekoms vir alle mense teen 2030, het deelnemers gevind dat die kweek van selfregulering deur positiewe dissiplinering deel uitmaak van genderopvoeding as teenvoeter vir geslagsgeweld, en vindingrykheid aanwakker. / Ukukhuthaza ukuzilawula kubaluleke kakhulu esigabeni sokuThuthukiswa Kwabantwana Abasebancane (i-ECD phase), ngoba kuholela ekuzikhalimeni esikhathini esizayo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuqonda izindlela zababambiqhaza zokukhuthaza ukuzilawula ngesikhathi sokudlala ngokukhululeka ezikoleni ezintathu zamabanga aphansi eZimbabwe. Izinhlaka zombono wezinzululwazi zalolu cwaningo, ezaziwa ngokuthi okuhle kwengqondo kanye noMbono Wenzululwazi kaDeci noRyan Wokuzimisela (i-SDT), kanye noMbono Wenzululwazi Wezidingo Eziyisisekelo Zokuphathelene Nenggqondo (i-BPNT), zithathe ukwesekwa kwabafundi njengokuzimele, ikhono kanye nokuhlobana njengezimpawu ezisemqoka zokukwazi ukuzikhalima okuhle okusekela ukuthuthukiswa kokuzilawula. Kusetshenziswe indlela kaBenner yokuhumusha okwenzekile ngenhloso yokuchaza nokuhumusha okwenzeke kubabambiqhaza kulokho okufundwa ngako. Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezenhlalakahle iyona esekele ucwaningo kanti futhi indlela yokwenza ibibheka amaqiniso. Ukuqoqwa kwemininingo nokuhlaziywa bekuncike endleleni kaBenner yokuhumusha okwenzekile. Kwasetshenziswa izimo semiqondo, izingqikithi kanye nezibonelo ukwethula imininingo, izingxoxo nokuhumusha. Okutholakele kukhombisile ukuthi ukudlala ngokukhululeka kubandakanya, ngokwesibonelo, ukudlala ngokulingisa ezenhlalo, ukudlala endlini emakhoneni okudlala kanye nokudlala ngaphandle. Imikhuba ejwayelekile esetshenziswa ngababambiqhaza ukukhuthaza ukuzilawula ngokusebenzisa ukukhalima okukahle kwakungukulawula ngokubambisana, ukukhuthaza okuhle, ukuqedwa komdlalo kanye nemiphumela eyenza umqondo. Othisha nabafundi babevame ukubona ukuqedwa komdlalo nemiphumela eyenza umqondo njengento esetshenziswa ngothisha njengesijeziso kunokukhalima okuhle, ngenxa yobukhuni bokusetshenziswa kwako ngaphandle kokubheka izidingo zomqondo. Okutholakele, nokho, bekuhambisana nokuqonda kokukhuthaza ukuzilawula ngokukhalima okukahle ngesikhathi sokudlala ngokukhululeka ngokunakekela izidingo zabafundi zokuphathelene nengqondo ekuzimeleni, ikhono kanye nokuhlobana, kanye nokuqaphela izinto. Ucwaningo luhlongoze ukuqaphela izinto njengesidingo sesine esiyisisekelo kokuphathelene nengqondo. Ngokuhambisanayo neziNjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusinokusimama (ama-SDG) ukuze kufezeke ikusasa elingcono nelinokusimama kubantu bonke ngonyaka ka- 2030, ababambiqhaza babona ukukhuthaza ukuzilawula ngokuzikhalima okukahle njengengxenye yemfundo yobulili ukuze kuncishiswe udlame oluncike ebulilini futhi kukhuthazwe ukuqina. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)