L'Accord sur les Aspects des Droits de Propriété Intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce constitue l'un des principaux piliers des accords de l'Uruguay Round. C'est aussi l'un des plus controversés. Cet Accord renforce les droits de propriété intellectuelle, les associe au commerce et introduit une norme mondiale ayant force exécutoire. La mise en application de cet Accord, qui suppose notamment de reconnaître et de renforcer la protection des produits et procédés pharmaceutiques par des brevets, pose des problèmes particuliers aux pays en développement vu le manque de ressources professionnelles, financières et d'infrastructure. La manière dont se fait l'interprétation de cet Accord peut avoir d'importantes répercussions sur les politiques de santé publique et, en particulier, sur l'accès des populations aux médicaments. Soumis aux pressions des pays riches et des groupes pharmaceutiques, les gouvernements des pays en développement se retrouvent parfois pieds et poings liés et n'utilisent pas les flexibilités prévues à leur avantage dans l'Accord, ce qui rend la situation sanitaire de leur population encore plus précaire. Cette étude décrit les principaux acteurs et les étapes importantes de la négociation de l'Accord, ainsi que les différentes adaptations qui en ont été faites sous les pressions contradictoires des nombreux protagonistes. Elle donne des explications sur les mécanismes en place et les conséquences possibles de l'entrée en vigueur de l'Accord sur l'accessibilité des pays en développement aux médicaments. / The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights is one of the main pillars of the agreements of the Uruguay Round. It is also one of the most controversial. This agreement strengthens the intellectual property rights, ties them to trade regulation and introduces a global binding standard. The implementation of this Agreement, which includes the recognition and the strengthening of the protection of pharmaceutical products and processes by patents, raises particular problems for developing countries, given the in lack of professional over financial resources as well as their poor economics infrastructure. The interpretation of this Agreement can have important consequences on public health policies and in particular on people's access to medicines. Unless the pressure of rich countries and pharmaceutical companies, governments of developing countries sometimes find themselves bound hand and foot and do not use the flexibilities provided to them by the Agreement to improve their position, thus making the health situation of their people still more precarious. This study describes the main actors and the important stages of negotiating the Agreement, as well as the various adjustments that were made under the pressures of numerous actors. It provides explanations of the existing mechanisms and of the potential consequences of the implementation of the Agreement on the accessibility of developing countries to medicines.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Les produits du terroir occupent une place privilégiée dans le goût des consommateurs qui, aujourd’hui, s’intéressent davantage à connaître la provenance et les qualités des produits qu’ils consomment. Le Mexique a une grande variété de produits du terroir, appris et transmis aux producteurs de génération en génération, mais certains manquent de protection ou la protection est inefficace. Les producteurs du Mexique vivent souvent dans des conditions marginales, et l'imitation de leurs produits résulte en une réduction de leurs ventes. Ils sont souvent contraints à changer de métier. Cette situation met en péril le patrimoine national en raison de l’abandon des connaissances traditionnelles, lesquelles représentent l'identité et la diversité culturelle de la nation mexicaine. La « Ley de la Propiedad Industrial » (LPI) prévoit l'appellation d’origine et la marque collective en tant que mécanismes de protection; cependant, ils ne sont pas toujours adéquats pour assurer une protection efficace des produits du terroir. Notre objectif est d'analyser si l'inclusion de l’indication géographique à la LPI peut favoriser l’enregistrement des produits du terroir qui sont à risque de disparaître. Cette étude fait donc ressortir la nécessité de modifier la LPI afin qu’elle réponde mieux aux besoins et aux réalités du Mexique. / Local products occupy a privileged place in the preferences of consumers who are more and more interested in knowing the origin and the quality of the products they consume. Mexico has a great variety of “terroir products”, learned and passed on to producers from generation to generation, but some of them lack protection or their protection is ineffective. Mexican producers oftentimes live in marginal conditions, and the imitation of their products results in a reduction in sales. They are often forced to change their trade. This situation puts the national patrimony in jeopardy due to the abandonment of traditional knowledge, which represents the identity and cultural diversity of the Mexican nation. The « Ley de la Propiedad Industrial » (LPI) provides for the appellation of origin and the collective mark as mechanisms of protection; however, they are not always adequate to ensure an effective protection of “terroir products”. Our goal is to analyze whether the inclusion of the geographical indication in the LPI will strengthen the registration of “terroir products” that are at risk of disappearing. This study thus highlights the need to revise the LPI to better reflect the needs and realities of Mexico.

Le concept du Management de la Mobilité agit dans la perspective d’optimiser l’usage de l’offre alternative de mobilité existante et de la développer en créant les conditions favorables d’un changement de culture et de pratiques en matière de déplacements. Notre contribution à travers cette recherche a pour ambition d’éclaircir les bases de débat sur la pertinence des approches du Management de la Mobilité en les examinant de près. Il s’agit de cerner l’efficacité de ces approches, leur fonctionnement, ainsi que leurs apports et leurs limites.Partant de l'hypothèse que les pistes qui mènent à l'objectif de concrétisation d'une mobilité plus durable afin d'atteindre le « facteur 4 » sont multiples, notre démarche repose sur l'analyse de plusieurs terrains de recherche où on tentera de vérifier la pertinence et l'efficacité de l'approche du Management de la Mobilité à travers deux voies possibles de régulation des mobilités quotidiennes.Une première voie que nous l'appelons la « voie corrective » où Il s'agit d'influencer les choix individuels et même plus, des modes de vie entiers par la mise en route des processus de changement à travers des mesures incitatives. Une deuxième voie indissociable de la première, car elle accroit son efficacité et sa pérennité, est plutôt une « voie intégrative ». Pour explorer cette voie, notre recherche nécessite un travail de nature exploratoire pour déterminer les pré-conditions de réalisation du transfert modal afin d’augmenter le potentiel d'usage et la crédibilité des modes alternatifs. Ceci serait possible par l’anticipation des besoins de la mobilité à travers l’intégration du Management de la Mobilité dans le processus de planification urbaine. / The concept of Mobility Management aims to optimize the use of available and alternative mobility modes by providing and creating optimal conditions for travel patterns change. Our contribution through this research is to provide basis for discussion on the relevance of mobility management approaches by analysing them in depth. The research consists in clarifying the effectiveness of these approaches, the way they are implemented, their benefits and limits.Assuming that the ways to lead to more sustainable mobility and achieve the national target of reduction by a factor of four greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 are various, our strategy is based on the investigation of several research fields where we will attempt to validate the adequacy and the effectiveness of mobility management approaches through two assumed ways of mobility regulation. A first way, that we’ve called the « corrective way », consists in influencing individual travel choices by enacting behaviour change processes and implementing incentives measures. A second way which is inseparable from the first, because it increases its long term efficiency, is rather an « integrative way ». It requires for our research an exploratory method to set out pre-conditions for achieving modal shift and increasing potential use and credibility of alternative modes. This could be possible by anticipating travel demand through an integration of mobility management measures into urban planning process.

A travers l’analyse des déplacements des souverains hellénistiques et des imperatores romains en Orient, ce travail entend éclairer le concept moderne de voyage officiel et démontrer la validité de cette catégorie pour caractériser les voyages de ces personnalités politiques antiques. Au-delà du critère du statut du voyageur, les sources mettent en lumière le rôle discriminant de l’infrastructure du voyage, ainsi que l’importance des procédures d’accueil public dans la reconnaissance collective de l’officiel. L’enquête conduit à souligner la dimension à la fois protocolaire et populaire de ce type de déplacement dont le caractère spectaculaire contribuait à assurer le retentissement exceptionnel pour en faire un [événement] local de grande ampleur. Manifestation de souveraineté, le voyage officiel s’inscrivait dans un processus de légitimation du pouvoir et constituait le cadre privilégié de la mise en scène de la personnalité politique : l’apparat et la théâtralisation du voyage autant que ses enjeux politiques majeurs peuvent être considérés comme des caractéristiques déterminantes du déplacement officiel. Cette réflexion pose également le problème de la pertinence de la dichotomie public/privé. Celle-ci n’est opératoire qu’à Rome où le concept de voyage fonctionnel est attesté, mais où l’on peut néanmoins observer une confusion entre la sphère de l’officium et celle de l’otium dans le cadre des déplacements des imperatores qui étaient l’occasion de démarches touristiques, culturelles ou religieuses révélatrices de la curiosité intellectuelle de ces personnages dont les séjours d’études puis les voyages officiels en Orient permettaient de satisfaire le philhellénisme. / Through the analysis of the travels of the hellenistic kings and the roman imperatores in the East, this work intends to throw light on the modern concept of official trip and to demonstrate the validity of this category to characterize the travels of these ancient political personalities. Beyond the criterion of the status of the traveller, sources bring to light the discriminating role of the infrastructure of the trip, as well as the importance of public reception in the collective recognition of the official. The inquiry leads to underline the formal and the popular dimension of this kind of trip whose spectacular character contributed to ensure his exceptional impact and turn it into a large-scale local event. As a demonstration of [sovereignty], the official trip was part of a process of legitimization of power and provided the privileged framework for the staging of the political personality : the pageantry and dramatization of the journey as much as [its] major political stakes can be considered as distinctive characteristics of the official trip. This study also raises the problem of the relevance of the public/private dichotomy. The latter is only effective in Rome where the concept of functional trip is attested, but where a confusion of the sphere of the officium and the otium can nevertheless be observed within the travels of the imperatores which were the opportunity of touristic, cultural and religious initiatives revealing the intellectual curiosity of these characters whose study tours and official trips in the East made it possible to satisfy their philhellenism.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é identificar desafios e perspectivas para avaliação e melhoria da mobilidade urbana através de padrões sustentáveis de geração de viagens. A investigação se baseia na aplicação de procedimentos específicos, que têm início com o cálculo do Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS), em seis cidades brasileiras selecionadas: Belém, Curitiba, Goiânia, Juazeiro do Norte, Uberlândia e Itajubá. Além de permitir comparações entre as cidades, a aplicação do índice em vários locais serve também para identificar as mudanças que poderiam ser implementadas em sua estrutura para torná-lo mais flexível na utilização em distintos contextos. O estudo também se concentra em estratégias de planejamento para a melhoria da mobilidade urbana sustentável, com duas abordagens. Na primeira, uma avaliação simultânea de custo, prazo e risco político é levada em conta. Na segunda abordagem, um cenário hipotético é utilizado para avaliar os impactos de padrões sustentáveis de geração de viagem sobre a mobilidade urbana. Os resultados do índice indicaram que Curitiba, Uberlândia e Goiânia tiveram um desempenho melhor do que Itajubá, Belém e Juazeiro do Norte, em relação às condições de mobilidade urbana sustentável. Estes resultados também destacaram a importância do contexto nas condições de mobilidade de cada cidade estudada. As menores cidades e as das regiões mais ricas do país, por exemplo, tiveram, em geral, um desempenho melhor do que as demais. Outro fato relevante é que apenas 53% dos 87 indicadores foram calculados em todas as seis cidades, o que sugere que podem ser necessárias mudanças nos métodos de cálculo de alguns indicadores. Por outro lado, um resultado positivo da aplicação do índice em cidades distintas foi a possibilidade de identificar os aspectos comuns que ajudaram a promover a mobilidade sustentável, bem como aqueles que atuaram como obstáculos para tal. Uma forte relação entre boas condições de mobilidade e a viabilidade de ações para melhorá-las ainda mais também foi observada nos casos estudados. Mais importante do que essas observações, no entanto, podem ser os casos de indicadores com desempenho ruim, mas com boas expectativas de melhora. Estas são áreas potenciais para ações destinadas à promoção da mobilidade urbana sustentável. / The overall aim of this study is to identify challenges and perspectives for the assessment and improvement of the urban mobility through sustainable trips generation patterns. The investigation is based on the application of specific procedures, which start with the calculation of the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM) in six selected Brazilian cities: Belém, Curitiba, Goiânia, Juazeiro do Norte, Uberlândia, and Itajubá. The application of I_SUM in several cities allows for comparisons between the cities. In addition, it also serves to identify changes that could be implemented in the index structure to make it more flexible for use in distinct contexts. The study also focuses on planning strategies for the improvement of sustainable urban mobility, with two approaches. In the first one, a simultaneous assessment of cost, time and political risk is taken into account. In the second approach, a hypothetical scenario is used to assess the impacts of sustainable trip generation patterns on urban mobility. The index results indicated that, re garding the sustainable urban mobility conditions, Curitiba, Uberlândia and Goiânia had a better performance than Itajubá, Belém and Juazeiro do Norte. These results also highlighted the importance of the context in the mobility conditions of each studied city. The smallest cities and those in the wealthier part of the country, for example, had in general a better performance than the others. Also relevant is the fact that only 53% of the 87 indicators have been calculated in all six cities, what suggests that changes in the calculation methods of some indicators may be needed. On the other hand, a positive outcome of the index application in distinct cities was the possibility of detecting the common aspects that helped to foster sustainable mobility, as well as those that acted as obstacles. A strong relationship between good mobility conditions and the feasibility of actions to further improve these conditions was also observed in the studied cases. More important than those observations, however, may be the cases with bad performance but high expectations of improvement. These are potential areas for actions meant to foster sustainable urban mobility.

O nome de empresa é um dos mais antigos sinais distintivos do empresário, remontando sua origem ao início do tráfico de mercadorias. Todavia, a proteção ao nome de empresa é problema crônico no Brasil, sendo, desde o século XIX, objeto de intensos e insolúveis debates, especialmente quanto à sua natureza, função, extensão e âmbito territorial de proteção. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é a estudar o nome de empresa à luz da hodierna legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência, analisando a problemática existente em relação à sua proteção. O trabalho é iniciado com noções propedêuticas sobre o nome, traçando a distinção entre o nome no plano pessoal e empresarial, para, então, tratar especificamente do nome de empresa, conceituando-o e definindo suas modalidades, função, natureza jurídica, regras de formação e disciplina jurídica no Brasil, desde o nascimento da proteção até o conflito com outros sinais distintivos do empresário. / The tradename is one of the most ancient distinctive sign of the entrepreneur, ascending to the beginning of commerce. Notwithstanding, the tradenames protection in Brazil is a chronic problem. Since the 19th century, the tradename was a center of insolvable discussion about its nature, function and protections extension. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the most significant features of the tradename in Brazil, taking into consideration the current doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence. This study intends to point out the conception of the name, delineating the differences between civil and tradename, as well as the notion of tradename, its species, its two functions, legal nature, standards of formation and, at last, its substantial protection in Brazil.

A transferência internacional de tecnologia é operação que serve como base para o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Muito além da dicotomia desenvolvimento autóctone versus importação de tecnologia, verificamos que a importação de tecnologia é, também, geradora de parte das condições precedentes para o desenvolvimento de inovação localmente. Componente-chave de qualquer processo de transferência de tecnologia é a efetiva transferência de habilidades e know-how intangível que assegurem a capacidade produtiva. O canal de transferência de tecnologia não é uma forma fácil de construir capacidade de inovação. Por meio deste, as conseqüências da transferência de tecnologia serão determinadas pelos objetivos gerais das corporações que contratam, os quais certamente não englobam a disseminação da tecnologia para potenciais concorrentes. Dentro do contexto de conflito tecnológico norte-sul ainda existente, a harmonização do direito da concorrência e da propriedade intelectual em torno do interesse coletivo concentra-se justamente na administração da intenção dos países detentores da tecnologia de manter o seu monopólio e acesso restrito à tecnologia e o dos países receptores de terem amplo acesso e utilização da tecnologia. A política de intensificação da transferência de tecnologia internacional depende não somente de políticas regionais e internacionais, mas também de políticas nacionais. É preciso analisar caminhos viáveis para as políticas dentro da moldura nacional e internacional existente. A industrialização brasileira orientou-se no sentido de gerar capacidade produtiva com adoção de padrões tecnológicos relativamente atrasados e imposição de elevadas barreiras à entrada, impactando significativamente a capacidade do país de gerar, transferir e introduzir inovações tecnológicas. A regulação da transferência de tecnologia que a acompanhou tinha como vetores principais a substituição de importações paralelamente a controles fiscais e cambiais dos pagamentos das contratações, como forma de promover o equilíbrio da balança de pagamentos do país. Esta permanece em vigor, com alterações mínimas. Ao Governo cabe delinear de forma mais clara em sua política industrial o tipo e maneira de controles que pretende exercer sobre a importação de tecnologia para o país, e com qual finalidade. Adicionalmente, é preciso promover uma harmonização dos vários diplomas legais incidentes na operação para que expressem coerência entre si. A coerência será atingida na medida em que se escolham os vetores definidores da regulação de forma consistente. A regulação deve concentrar-se na absorção da técnica pela mão-de-obra local, sem desestimular o fornecedor estrangeiro. Ambos objetivos serão atingidos com a (i) matização da regulação na área tributária e cambial e a (ii) promoção de maior interatividade entre a regulação pela propriedade industrial e o direito concorrencial, que devem focar nos termos das contratações. Quanto à política da concorrência, é preciso distinguir entre uma política de concorrência baseada somente em inovação e aquela baseada em disseminação da inovação. Quando se foca somente na inovação e se impede a disseminação, esquece-se de que o bônus que se concede hoje à inovação implicará um preço no futuro. Uma política de concorrência com a intenção de promover a disseminação e absorção de tecnologia não pode ser tarefa para as autoridades da área concorrencial, somente. / The international transfer of technology is an operation that serves as a basis for technological development. Well beyond the contrast indigenous development versus importation of technology, the importation of technology also generates preconditions for the development of local innovation. A key component of any transfer of technology process is the effective transfer of expertise and intangible know-how that ensure the production capacity. The transfer of technology vehicle is not a simple form of building innovation capacity. Through it, the consequences of the transfer of technology are determined by the overall purposes sought by the companies that convene this and certainly does not cover the dissemination of the technology to potential competitors. Within the context of the northsouth technological conflict that still exists, streamlining of antitrust law and of intellectual property law considering the public interest lays precisely on the management of the intention of the countries that own the technology to sustain their monopoly and restrict the access to the technology and the intention of the acquiring countries to have broad access and use of the technology. The policy of incrementing transfer of international technology depends not only on regional and international policies, but also on national policies, being necessary to analyze viable courses for the policies in the existing national and international framework. The Brazilian industrialization was guided in the direction of generation of production capacity adopting international standards that were relatively obsolete and by imposing obstacles to imports, substantially affecting the countrys capacity to generate, transfer and adopt new technologies. The technology transfer regulations that accompanied it had as its main pillars the replacement of imports and tax and currency exchange controls over the payments of the agreements to stabilize the countrys foreign trade deficit. This continues to exist, with minimal changes. It is incumbent on the Government to clearly outline in its industrial policy the type and form of the control that it intends to use in the importation of technology into Brazil and with what purpose. Further, it is necessary to harmonize the several statutes that apply to the operation so that they reflect coherency among each other. Coherence shall be attained upon selecting the vectors that define the regulation in a consistent manner. The regulation should concentrate on the absorption of the know-how by the local workers, but without discouraging the foreign supplier. Both goals would be met upon (i) softening the regulation under the tax and exchange aspects, and (ii) fostering greater interaction between the regulation in the intellectual property and antitrust laws areas, which should focus on the contractual clauses. As regards the antitrust policy, it is necessary to distinguish between an antitrust policy that is based solely on innovation and that which is based on the dissemination of the innovation. When only innovation is focused and dissemination is hindered, the bonus that is now being conferred to innovation and that will have a toll in the future is ignored. An antitrust policy that is intended to foster the dissemination and absorption of technology cannot be a task borne only by the antitrust authorities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sylvio do Amaral Rocha Filho.pdf: 1233618 bytes, checksum: 9fa8d06c34df8f3b347019f0be4931fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / Geographic Indications (GI s) do not have uniform treatment in the world-wide doctrine what is reflected in the diverse manifestations about it as demonstration of itself, therefore in each place the institute is treated as peculiar and unique. Even in only one country GI s have, many times, different treatments. We understand Law ex facto oritur jus (from the fact law is born) and from that, we create our agreement of what it is happening in the domain of the Geographical Indications. Geographical indication is a set of words that aims to transmit only one concept, but in fact, it apparently transmits two disconnected concepts that are not: 1 - Geographical indication is the official nomination of one certain place where a Good of the same name occurs and is typical, regional and peculiar with guarantee of origin and with traditional and recognized quality for the loyal, responsible and constant repetition. 2 - Geographic indication is the typical, regional and peculiar Good, with a certain name officially recognized as originating of a place, region or country, named differently but granting quality, reputation and characteristic recognized for the loyal, responsible and constant repetition. Geographic indication is for the target of this work the sort from which flows out the two types: Indication of Source (IS) and Appellation of Origin (AO). It must be noticed that in the same region or place the two types can coexist, that is, a same place can present Indication of Source and Appellation of Origin, depending. An Indication of Source is a local manifestation of more generic character; an Appellation of Origin is a local manifestation of very typical character and, consequently, more generous. Beyond these trouble makers factors there are others: the doctrine does not deal with and does not even mention the several internal classifications of quality that permeate a Geographical Indication and tint it; it insists only on the mention to Geographical Indication, Indication of Source and Appellation of Origin as if it was enough, without informing that almost always there is a proper qualitative internal system of each Geographical Indication, system that enlarges, accentuates or diminishes the classic divisions into Geographical Indication and its species Indication of Source and Appellation of Origin with which it always coexists, case by case / Indicações Geográficas (IG s) não têm tratamento uniforme na doutrina mundial o que se reflete nas diversas manifestações a respeito fazendo do tema uma demonstração de si mesmo, pois em cada lugar o instituto é tratado como peculiar e único. Mesmo dentro de um país as IG s têm, muitas vezes, tratamentos diferentes. Entendemos que em Direito ex facto oritur jus (do fato nasce o direito) e daí criamos nosso entendimento do que se passa no domínio das Indicações Geográficas. Indicação Geográfica é um conjunto de palavras que visa transmitir um só conceito, mas, na realidade, transmite dois conceitos aparentemente desconexos entre si, mas que não são: 1 - Indicação Geográfica é a nomeação oficial de um local certo em que se dá Bem do mesmo nome e que seja típico, regional e peculiar com garantia de procedência e com qualidade tradicional e reconhecida pela repetição leal, responsável e constante. 2 - Indicação Geográfica é o Bem típico, regional e peculiar, com nome certo e reconhecido oficialmente como originário de local, região ou país nomeado diferentemente, mas que lhe confere qualidade, reputação e característica reconhecida pela repetição leal, responsável e constante. Indicação Geográfica é para o escopo deste trabalho o gênero de que defluem as espécies Indicação de Procedência (IP) e Denominação de Origem (DO). Remarque-se que na mesma região ou local podem conviver os dois tipos, ou seja, um mesmo local pode apresentar IP s e DO s, dependendo. A IP é manifestação local de caráter mais genérico; a DO é manifestação local de caráter muito típico e, assim, mais generoso. Além destes fatores motivadores de confusão há mais outros: a doutrina não aborda sob nenhum prisma e nem sequer menciona as diversas classificações internas de qualidade que permeiam uma IG e dão-lhe matiz; insiste apenas na menção à IG, IP e DO, como se isto bastasse, sem avisar que quase sempre há sistema classificatório qualitativo interno e próprio de cada IG, sistema esse que expande ou acentua ou diminui as clássicas divisões em IG e suas espécies IP e DO com as quais sempre convive, caso a caso

L’organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle (OAPI) a consacré la théorie de l’épuisement des droits depuis sa révision de 1999. Elle en a posé les conditions légales. On découvre que ses conditions, qui sont une limitation du droit exclusif de commercialisation des titulaires, n’en préservent pas moins la quintessence. À travers une mise en circulation limitée au territoire national pour la marque et au territoire régional pour le brevet, le législateur a fait partiellement échec au libre commerce des produits protégés. L’existence des zones de libre-échange peut néanmoins contribuer à élargir le domaine de l’épuisement qui deviendra alors communautaire dans l’UEMOA et la CEMAC. L’encadrement de l’épuisement des droits est rigide mais maîtrisé. Il est cohérent avec le principe de départ qui est la protection des droits de propriété industrielle. Aussi l’épuisement international est-il tout simplement rejeté, alors même qu’il aurait pu constituer un moyen de régulation de la libre circulation des produits protégés. Néanmoins, il faut relativiser ce rôle et se tourner vers une véritable quête de transfert de technologie qui est le seul moyen de transformer le sort de la propriété industrielle sur le continent africain. / The African intellectual property Organization (AIPO) consecrated the theory of exhaustion right since the revision of 1999. It puts the legal conditions of the theory. It seems that these conditions, which are considered as a limitation of the monopolistic right of the t industrial property owners, after all, protect this right and give consistency to it. Through the right of commercialization that is limited to the national territory for marks and to the regional territory for patents, the African legislator keeps the products from free-trade. Nevertheless, the existence of the free-trade areas like UEMOA and CEMAC could enlarge the domain of the trade of the merchandises. The theory of exhaustion is stringent, without a far-reaching influence. It is consistent with the principle of the protection of the intellectual property rights that is of paramount importance. The international exhaustion is rejected even though it can be a means of the regulation of the free trade of the marked or patented products. So, the impact of international exhaustion may be itself relativized. The African countries have to search the transfer of technology that appears as the one means which can transform the industrial property in Africa.