Ve své práci ukazuji na svědeckých záznamech přístupných v Malach jakými způsoby je utvářeno svědectví. To ve své práci vnímám jako specifický žánr, který je ovlivňován zároveň diskursem a pravidly vyprávění. Ve své práci se pokouším ukázat způsoby, tomu dochází, a tím přispět k lepšímu pochopení svědectví jako takového. Důvodem této snahy je pak mimo jiné i vzrůstající míra využívání svědectví k vzdělávacím účelům, ve kterých se původně doplňkové funkce ve vzta historiografii dostává svědectví stále více prostoru i jako vlastnímu zdroji informací. Skrze výpovědi pamětníků je svědectví schopné přenášet nejen prosté informace, ale díky své autenticitě také emoce a morální apel. Ve své práci na materiálech USC Shoah Foundation Institute ukazuji způsoby, kterými dochází jak k omezování vyprávění diskursem, tak příklady, ve kterých nachází vyprávění v diskursu oporu, či taková, ve kterých se projevuje moc vyprávění nad diskursem. K tomuto závěru docházím na základě analyzování oficiálních dokumentů nadace USC Shoah Foundation Institute. Mezi ně patří podklady pro tazatele a pamětníky, které mají zmiňovaní k dispozici dříve, než je videozáznam pořizován. Dále pak návody pro katalogizování a indexování získaných svědeckých záznamů a příručka pro uživatele archivu. Ve druhé části analýzy se pak soustředím na obsah...

The following dissertation looked at the problem of Polish foreign policy towards Ukraine between the Orange Revolution and the Euromaidan crisis, as it was expressed in the political rhetoric. Importantly the work drew on the tradition of the Polish émigré journal Kultura and the rich historical background of the Polish-Ukrainian relations. This was done in order to prove the hypothesis that although the recent strategy towards Ukraine borrows from the historical concepts, it does so incoherently. In essence, Polish authorities today prefer to design their own strategy, while references to the Kultura review serve as a bridge to keep a consistent image about Polish Eastern Policy. What has been also discussed was the division between the so-called romantic and pragmatic approach towards Polish Eastern Policy. The dissertation demonstrates that in general the labels are used rather mechanically. As such, it is often difficult to draw the line between romantics and pragmatics among Polish political class. The research was conducted with the use of qualitative content analysis methodology and supported by the constructivist theory. Its results are presented in a form of a set of categories that correspond to the main themes, which have been observed throughout the collected textual material. A...

CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Islamic terrorism in US film: how we construct our own enemies Master's thesis Author: Bc. Anna Kotvalová Study programme: International Relations Supervisor: Mgr. Jakub Záhora, Ph.D. Year of the defense: 2019 ABSTRACT The presented diploma thesis is concerned with the discourse and narratives of the phenomenon of terrorism in the American cinema, produced after 9/11 and its reflection on the events within the War on Terror. This thesis rests on two major theoretical realms, Critical terrorism studies and the interconnection between popular culture and the world of politics. This thesis addresses three American mainstream films produced after 9/11, Zero Dark Thirty, Lone Survivor and American Sniper in order to analyse the discourse and narratives which refer to the antagonists in these movies (more specifically, the discourse and narratives which portrays justification for the American behaviour within the War on Terror) and to address the political consequences of this kind of discourse. This thesis defines four major repetitive patterns in the discourse: humanization of the "American side", dehumanization of the antagonists, depiction of torture and violence and lack of context and concludes...

Genom att diskutera dilemmat kring begreppet “en förskola för alla” med informanterna i studien har vi försökt förstå pedagogens roll för verksamheten i förskolan. Ur en poststrukturalistisk ansats försökte vi beskriva framställandet av diskursen om en idealpedagog. Syftet med vår studie var att tolka hur en idealpedagog bör vara. I resultatet framkommer diskursen om en idealpedagog genom att vi tolkade informanternas uttryck för vikten av pedagogens roll för verksamheten i förskolan. I diskussionen framkom det att idealpedagogen kan ha ett inbyggt dilemma. / <p>Betyg i Ladok 210108.</p>

The aim of this text is to critically analyse which discursive power dynamics have been o fimportance in the evolution of the modern preschool. What are the underlying motives that led to the systematisation that has become so prevalent in our profession, and what changes has this led to in the preschool organization over time? From the 1990’s there has been a shift in the discourse concerning general welfare in Sweden, of which preschools are a part. With the introduction of New Public Management concepts such as quality, systematisation and competitiveness have become a part of the vocabulary in preschools. The introduction of these concepts has been instrumental in the creation of growt hand higher quality through a market-based approach and through systematic quality assurance. I wish to show through this text that this has largely been counterproductive. This shift in the discourse has not only created a new conceptual starting point but it also led to a differentiation in the roles associated with preschools as a workplace where the preschool teachers are given more and more responsibilities while the childcare workers are being made more invisible both in legislature and the curriculum. There has been an elevation in status for preschool teachers, however at the expense of both the organization and the childcare workerprofession. With the introduction of market orientation in Swedish education we are today expected to act according to a competitive approach where we are vying with others to attract custodians to our preschool. This has in turn led to a general view of custodians as customers. However, with the usage of the word customer there is an expectation of adaptability in orderto maintain our competitiveness in relation to the wishes of the customer. In this text I thereby discuss if this is an applicable terminology in the context of preschools and whether we are able to maintain the purpose of our profession when confronted with custodians as customers. This essay also discusses the importance of resisting and reclaiming the discourse occurring in preschools. We are constantly being influenced in our approach of ourselves through the societal view of our profession and I wish to show how we through trust, a sense of community and peer learning could create a scientific foundation for our continued work. We should create our own legitimacy and professional identity. It is through this communal identity and approach that we can resist and reclaim the preschool discourse.

Sport är en del av många människors vardag och platsen där man utövar sporten är därav även den viktig. Hur människor upplever en plats och om den inger en känsla av trygghet eller inte beror på många faktorer. Den här uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie som tar upp frågor om trygghet på Gränby sportfält (Uppsala) och bilden av platsen. Den är skriven i samarbete med det kommunala företaget Sportfastigheter AB och kontakten oss imellan har knytits via stiftelsen STUNS.

Denna studie undersöker vardagslitteracitet hos ensamkommande unga asylsökandesom studerar på allmänkurs vid en folkhögskola. Deras studier bedrivs på grundskoleochgymnasienivå. Samtliga av de unga är asylsökande med tillfälligt uppehållstillståndvillkorat av deltagande i studier på gymnasienivå.Studiens teoretiska ram tar sin utgångspunkt i en sociokulturell förståelse avlitteracitet utifrån New Literacy Studies samt hur litteracitet formas av diskurser.Dessa teorier sätts i relation till Gees och Wedins forskning kring flerspråkighet ochidentitetsförhandling. Analysen bygger på narrativ som beskriver de sju deltagarnasvardagslitteracitet utifrån insamlade foton och semistrukturerade fotoretrospektivaintervjuer.I studien delges hur deltagarnas vardagslitteracitet formas av omständigheter somkontext, språk, artefakter och arenor. De erfarenheter som framträder i narrativenskildras som fem teman: vardagsrutinernas praktiker, praktiker kringmyndighetskontakter och samhällsengagemang, mediepraktiker, praktiker kringrelationer och personlig kommunikation och lärande praktiker. Olika diskurservillkorar och möjliggör deltagarnas litteracitet. Dessa diskurser kan knytas tilldeltagarnas egen bakgrund, till kamrater, till skolans sammanhang och till detomgivande samhället.Studiens bidrag till forskningsområdet består bland annat i uppmärksammandet av deungas kompetenta förhållningssätt till sin vardagslitteracitet. Folkhögskolan som enmöjlig framgångsrik kontext för språk och litteracitetsutveckling lyfts fram iundersökningens resultat liksom att övergripande samhälleliga normer påverkar synenpå andraspråksinlärares kompetenser och erfarenheter. Av resultaten framträder enbild av den undervisning som deltagarna tar del av som normativt enspråkig, vilketosynliggör deltagarnas språkkompetens och begränsar deras möjligheter att bidra medegna och tidigare erfarenheter. I motsats till detta framstår vardagen utanför skolansom sammanhang där deras litteracitetsförvärvande möter vidare språkligautmaningar. Det är även främst utanför undervisningen, på skolan och i detomgivande samhället, som deltag arnas identitetsförhandling ar ochlitteracitetsutveckling äger rum i mötet med andra och nya diskurser. Dessa resultatuppmärksammar betydelsen av att erfarenheter utanför undervisningen värdesätts ochges utrymme i klassrummet. Resultaten bidrar med ny kunskap till forskningsfältetoch yrkesverksamma inom skolan beträffande den avgörande betydelse ettflerspråkigt perspektiv och flerspråkiga normer kan ha för deltagarnas utveckling. / This study examines everyday experiences of literacy described by unaccompaniedminors who are now following a general program of studies at a college of furthereducation (folkhögskola). Their studies are conducted at a secondary and uppersecondary school level. All of the participants are subject to the Swedish legislationapplying to residence permission and participation in upper secondary education.The underlying theories of this studie comes from literacy as embedded in socialcontexts from New Literacy Studies and as formed by discourses. These theoriesrelates to Gee’s and Wedin’s research about multilinguality and negotiation of identity.From a narrative approach the analysis presents the seven participants everydayexperiences of literacy from collected photographs and semistructured photoretrospective interviews.The studies contribution to the research area consists, among other things, in drawingattention to the young peoples competent approach to their everyday literacy.Folkhögskola as a possible successful context for language and literacy developmentis highlighted as well as how overall societal norms affect the view of secondlanguage learners skills and experiences. The results show a learning environmentnormed by the national Swedish language. These norms limits the participantsopportunities to contribute with experiences from their past. This is in sharp contrastto literacy in their everyday life outside of the classroom. Which circumstances appearmore open and demanding for language learning and acquisition of literacy andenables negotiating of identities. Literacy evolve outside the classroom in relation tovarious new discourses. This stress the importance of including experience fromoutside of the learning environment. The results also contribute with knowledge forprofessionals and to the research area concerning the crucial importance of amultilingual perspective and what significance multilingual norms can have forparticipants development.

Which meanings are attributed to the Swedish mountains in the normative discourse 2020? How does the portrayal of the mountains relate to Sami and Swedish culture? What opportunities and difficulties are there for the development of Sami tourism in relation to the mountain tourism norm 2020? The purpose of this thesis is to study the normative portrayal of the Swedish mountains by Swedish and Sami tourist organizers in 2020 and how it could affect the development of Sami tourism. Through colonial and normative discourse theory, the thesis investigates how the Swedish mountains as a phenomenon relate to Sami and Swedish culture. Findings from previous research shows that the norm of Swedish Mountain portrayal has historically been based on the perceptions of the Swedish majority population. For Sami tourism to be profitable, it should therefore be conducted in accordance with the expectations of the majority society. The empirical material in this qualitative discourse analytical study consists of advertisements for tourist activities in Swedish tourist magazines, websites for Sami and Swedish tourist organizers and the magazine “Turist”. The material has been published or is available in 2020. The material testifies to a narrow normativity in how the Swedish mountains are portrayed by both Swedish and Sami tourist organizers. The mountains are portrayed as wild and different to Swedish society but also as harmonious and easily accessible. The analysis shows a contradiction between Swedish tourists' expectations and the administration of the Swedish mountains. The conclusion of the study is that Sami tourist organizers have a unique opportunity to stand out in a narrow normative market with their Sami identity and culture. This opportunity, however, relies on Sami tourist organizers exclusive right to portray their culture.

Föreliggande studie avser att belysa olika diskurser om barn i förskolan i relation till utmanande situationer samt den makt som utspelar sig i relationer mellan pedagog och barn. Makt kan utspela sig genom det uppdrag som pedagoger i förskolan har, att genom styrning och vägledning forma barn för att anpassas till samhällets normer och värderingar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur makt kommer till uttryck i samtal med pedagoger som med sina berättelser redogör för olika utmanande situationer som kan komma att uppstå i förskolans verksamhet. De forskningsfrågor som studien avser att besvara är: Vilka olika diskurser om barn kan urskiljas i pedagogers berättelser om utmanande situationer i förskolan? Hur kommer makt till uttryck i pedagogers berättelser om utmanande situationer i förskolan? Studien utgår från Foucaults maktperspektiv och begrepp som diskurs, makt, disciplinering och normalisering används som analysverktyg för empirin. Studiens empiri består av intervjuer med fem pedagoger som är verksamma inom förskolan. Föreliggande studies resultat påvisar att samtliga intervjuade pedagoger väljer att avstå den diskurs om utmanande beteende i förskolan som presenteras i de olika intervjuerna. Pedagogerna väljer istället att bredda diskursen och skapa nya diskurser där pedagogers förhållningssätt och den sociala konstruktion som barnet befinner sig i inkluderas. I resultatet uppmärksammades en krock mellan diskursen om barn där varje barn ska få bibehålla sin egen identitet och diskursen om barn som ska följa samhällets normer. Slutsatsen av det som framkom i studiens resultat är att de olika maktnätverk som utspelar sig i förskolan inte är statiska utan de konstrueras och reproduceras i alla relationer, såväl hos pedagoger som barn

A global mining boom has recently occurred and conflicts due to mineral extraction in the context of environmental justice is visible all over the world. A recent conflict in Sweden, is in Gállok where mining exploration has been conducted on the traditional lands of the indigenous Sámi. Activists protested the exploration by occupying the site during three months in 2013. The conflict has received media attention and since media have influence on the public discourse and while Sami rights have received little official recognition in Sweden, this thesis aims at analysing the mining exploitation discourse by scrutinising the media coverage of the activism and conflict in Gállok. Mining advocates emphasise social effects like economic gain, jobs and future prospect and the importance of working co-existence between different stakeholder, while the mining critics stresses the importance of respecting and recognising Sami rights, long-term sustainability and negative social and environmental impacts from mining. The Government and the mining industry are dominant actors within the mining exploration discourse and truth claims of sustainable mining and the green economy, working co-existence and minerals as essential for and a prerequisite for sustainable development supports their interest. The activism and the Sami’s struggles for justice and recognition in Gállok can be regarded as part of the global environmental justice movement. Finally, the Swedish mining policies can be argued to be based on previous colonial politics, contributing to a continued marginalisation and oppression of the Sami people.