While the western world is in the midst of a liberalisation trend where laws concerning cannabis are frequently changed in favour of a more permissive stance, the characteristic Swedish objective for “a drug-free society” remains. Based on five different cannabis discourses in Swedish press, which have been identified in previous research, this paper uses a quantitative content analysis to examine how often these discourses appear, and the scope they are given, in four of Sweden’s largest newspapers. This was done with the purpose of finding out if there has been a change in the way media portrays cannabis in 2012 compared to 2020. Social constructionism has been used as a theoretical framework, and 120 articles for each year have been encoded and analysed using discourse- and agenda-setting theory. The results show that the legal discourse continues to be dominant, that the medical discourse has become more nuanced, and that the financial and recreational discourse have been given more room in the media. Furthermore they show that the discourse regarding social problems has conspicuously decreased. Based on the international trends, the key role of the media as an actor for social change, and tendencies among the population, it is suggested in the discussion of the results that research in this area continues. Additionally, an ongoing discussion regarding the role of social work as it pertains to societal development is encouraged. / Samtidigt som västvärlden är mitt uppe i en liberaliseringstrend där lagar kring cannabis på allt fler håll förändras i en tillåtande riktning kvarstår den för Sverige karaktäristiska målbilden ”det narkotikafria samhället”. Med utgångspunkt i fem olika cannabisdiskurser i svensk press, som identifierats i tidigare forskning, har denna uppsats med hjälp av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys undersökt hur ofta dessa diskurser framkommer samt hur mycket utrymme de ges i fyra av Sveriges största dags- och kvällstidningar. Detta har gjorts med syfte att ta reda på om det skett någon förändring i medias framställning av cannabis mellan 2012 och 2020. Socialkonstruktionismen har använts som teoretiskt ramverk och 120 artiklar för respektive år har kodats och analyserats med hjälp av diskurs- samt dagordningsteori. Resultatet visar att den juridiska diskursen är fortsatt dominerande, att den medicinska diskursen har nyanserats samt att den ekonomiska och den rekreationella diskursen har fått mer medialt utrymme. Vidare visar det också att diskursen om sociala problem har minskat markant. Med utgångspunkt i de internationella trenderna, medias nyckelroll som förändrande samhällsaktör samt tendenser till attitydförändring hos befolkningen föreslås i resultatdiskussionen en fortsatt forskning på området. Även en levande diskussion kring det sociala arbetets roll i relation till samhällsutvecklingen uppmuntras, detta för att vidare reflektera kring dess potentiella konsekvenser för uppdraget att förebygga missbruk och skydda barn- och unga.

In the summer of 2016, several sexual assaults of women occurred in Swedish music festivals. These assaults were all carried out by men. As a response to this the equality foundation Make Equal launched the initiative #killmiddag or in English, #guytalk. The concept is that men have dinner and talk about topics they usually do not discuss using conversation guides from #guytalks website. The conversation topics are love, friendship, ego, avoidance, fragility, and sex. The ambition with #guytalk is that guys and men will start working with themselves as a step towards an equal society. The aim for the study is to discuss constructions of masculinity and how meaning is created in relation to #guytalk. Questions that guided the investigation was: How can #guytalk be understood through diverse discourses? What meanings do the informants ascribe #guytalk? How is masculinity constructed in relation to #guytalk? To answer these questions, I have interviewed five men who has participated in #guytalk at least one time. Furthermore, I have analyzed what has been written on #guytalks website. The study shows that there are two dominating discourses through which #guytalk is articulated. There is the fight-discourse through which #guytalk is understood as part of the fight for equality. Then there is the therapy-discourse that is connected to individualism through which #guytalk is understood as a form of group therapy for men. Both discourses are prominent in the material and sometimes but not necessarily contradicting each other. The discourses are central in how the informants ascribe meaning to the concept but also how it is presented on #guytalks website. I suggest that the masculinity ideals that take form in relation to #guytalk, which are associated to emotional growth and displaying emotion should be understood through inclusive masculinity theory rather than the theorization of hegemonic masculinity.

Male perpetrators have long been over-represented in the criminal justice system. This seems to have resulted in a picture of perpetrators as generally being male. This study aims to investigate differences in the portrayal of perpetrators in relation to gender in the Swedish justice system, by performing a discourse analysis on twelve judgements with assault as the main crime classification. Previous research shows that female perpetrators more often are treated with leniency by the court, compared to male perpetrators. This usually leads to women receiving shorter sentences. There have also been studies that show that in media and literature, female perpetrators are portrayed as less, or in cases of severe violent crimes as more, responsible for the crime committed, than a male would be for the equivalent crime. This study shows that female perpetrators are portrayed as less responsible for their violent actions in regards to the crime committed, than male perpetrators. The discourse analysis of the judgments shows that there is a tendency to portray the women’s violence as depending on circumstances, and the men’s violence as depending on them as persons. This indicates that there are discourses in society that establish women as non-violent and men as violent.

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The aim of this study is to get to know pupils’ views on motivation, intrinsic motivation , and who owns the right to speak with authority in the motivation discourse . Based on interviews of five upper secondary school pupils and three texts from the Swedish National Agency for Education based on research I have made an approach to discourse analysis . The interviews show that these pupils think of intrinsic motivation as something essential for being a student. Through the analysis I have received a view of how pupils are struggling to keep their intrinsic motivation to live up to the image of a good student, and to cope whith the schools and teatchers structure of time. The motivation of these pupils depends on how schools and teachers are organizing time, test outlays and group divisions. The pupils' understanding of what motivates matches relatively well with texts from the Swedish National Agency for Education, but in terms of who owns the right to speak with authority on the subject, it turns out to be the Swedish National Agency for Education, the researchers and authors who exercise power over discourse.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur massmedia, myndigheter och hur allmänheten konstruerar bilden av Covid-19-pandemin. Studien baseras på 31 artiklar från Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter digitala plattformar samt på sju stycken myndighetstexter från Regeringen, Socialstyrelsen och Folkhälsomyndigheten. Även en rapport från 1177 Vårdguiden har studerats. Studien bygger även på kommentarer från allmänheten på Folkhälsomyndighetens Facebook sida. Studien har utförts med en kritisk diskursanalys som metod och Norman Faircloughs tredimensionella modell. Resultatet av analysen har satts i relation till Ulrich Becks teori om risksamhälle och Manuel Castells teori om informationsåldern för att få en djupare tolkning av hur rapporteringen av Covid-19 framställs ur ett sociologiskt perspektiv. I resultatet av denna studie framkommer det att tre diskurser är särskilt framträdande, dessa är den medicinska diskursen, ansvarsdiskursen samt vi-och-de diskursen. Utifrån betydelsefulla ordval i dimensionen Text har vi funnit dessa diskurser som formas och formar bilden av Covid-19. Vi har bland annat funnit att främlingsfientlighet och klasstillhörighet är betydande faktorer som skapat konsekvenser för personer under pandemin.

Syftet med denna studie är att skönja vilka diskurser de deltagande lärarna utvecklat för vad som är det gångbara språket under engelsklektionerna i årskurs 2 och 3. För att svara på detta syfte har vi utvecklat två frågeställningar angående vilka situationer lärarna använder sig av de olika språken. Vi har använt oss av en etnografisk ansats för metoden som vi byggt på inspelat material och fältanteckningar. För att få fram fältanteckningar och inspelat material genomförde vi observationer i tre olika klasser i åk 2 och 3, två gånger i en klass och en gång i de andra två klasserna.   I den här studien använder vi oss av diskursanalys som delvis är en kvalitativ analysmetod. Analysen genomförs genom olika delar. Som en början av analysprocessen har vi valt att koda vårt insamlade material. Kodningen görs genom en lektion i taget och hjälper oss att identifiera teman i materialet. I diskussionsavsnittet skapas en förståelse av de identifierade temana genom det teoretiska ramverket.   Teman sätts då i relation till teori och perspektiv. Vi har i vårt resultat presenterat de diskurser vi lyckats skönja genom analysprocessen av vårt observationsmaterial. Lärarnas diskurser om vilket språk som är det gångbara för olika situationer är kopplade till exempelvis när lärarna ska tillrättavisa elever, fråga elev/elever, förklarar/beskriver något för elever eller när lärarna uttrycker värdeladdade kommentarer till elev/elever.

Waterfronts in post-socialist cities have became under the influence of post- socialist transformations an areas of conflict, which are full of contradictory pressures based on the different actors and their views. This diploma thesis deals with plans and waterfront regeneration projects in Bratislava from the perspective of discursive practices and representations of investors, developers, city government and citizens. The work also examines the role of the actors involved in the formation of new identities of regenerated areas via different representations. It focuses on the process, which leads to the formation of new identities in the plans and projects of waterfront regeneration. The work uses an interpretative analysis of text segments. It examines both the process of discursive construction of place through a variety of discursive practices and offers an insight into the backstage relationships of actors involved. Key words: discourse, representation, identity, Bratislava, waterfront, regeneration

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka performativa diskurser kring barns kön som framträder i de kollegiala samtalen i förskolan. Metoden som användes var fokusgruppssamtal där deltagarna fick tre dilemman att diskutera kring kopplat till förskolans jämställdhetsarbete. Samtalen spelades in för att sedan kunna transkriberas och analyseras.Resultatet visar på att man kan lyfta ur vissa performativa yttranden som förekommer i samtalen mellan pedagogerna. Yttranden som kan ligga till grund för att pedagoger många gånger bemöter pojkar och flickor olika. Det framkommer att pojkar och flickor tillskrivs olika beteenden som också kan ligga till grund till hur barn formar sina könsidentiteter. Flera pedagoger lyfter också in samhällets och vårdnadshavares normer som en stark faktor vilket påverkar pojkar och flickor, vad man som barn förväntas leva upp till i sin könsroll. Pedagogerna samtalar om maktbegreppet i samband med att mansnormen har en starkare position, att det är generellt mer accepterat att en flicka väljer en pojkroll än att en pojke väljer en flickroll.

China is seen as one of the world’s leading countries, especially when it comes to economic and political power. Even though China is a powerful country, the image of China and the country’s population is one of negativity and distrust. This has become especially apparent during the Covid-19 pandemic, where derogatory terms such as the “China virus” have been used and there has been an increase in violence against people from China and other Asian countries.  Therefore, this essay aims to analyse how China and its population have been portrayed, and also how European interests have been depicted and valued, in Swedish course books for history in upper secondary school during the period 1903-2010. A critical discourse was applied as the theoretical approach, in order to examine what type of vocabulary was used in these course books and how different discourses were used to describe China and its population. The post-colonial terms orientalism and othering were also used to examine how, or if, the course books upheld a Eurocentric discourse in their depiction of China. The results of this study show that a majority of the course books that were analysed do uphold a Eurocentric point of view in their portrayal of China and other Non-European countries, and that this is most prominent in the course books that were published in the early 20th century, even though this did occur in the more modern course books as well. The results also show that the Chinese history is only made relevant when European countries are involved in some capacity and is therefore seldom depicted free from European influence.