Alors que la parabole du Fils Prodigue fut un support aux vives controverses religieuses du XVIe siècle qui touchèrent Anvers, les productions artistiques (peintures, gravures, dessins) restituèrent une image plus consensuelle de cette histoire. Au lieu de matérialiser les nombreuses exégèses théologiques (contradictoires) sur le message du Christ, les artistes préférèrent puiser dans la culture profane (comme les pièces de théâtre) et mettre l’accent sur la scène de la dissipation avec les courtisanes ou insister sur des détails triviaux.Cette thèse étudie les nombreuses raisons qui les ont conduits à de tels choix (poids de la censure, recherche d’une vaste clientèle, flatterie du spectateur…) et analyse les choix de mise en scène, épisode par épisode. Elle démontre comment les ateliers d’artistes ont reproduit des formules répétitives ; comment les choix iconographiques favorisèrent tour à tour la méditation spirituelle, la délectation visuelle ou les pensées condescendantes envers autrui. / While the parable of the Prodigal Son was a support in the deep religious controversies which affected Antwerp during the 16th century, the artistic productions (paintings, prints and drawings) gave back a more consensual image of this history. Instead of representing the numerous contradictory theological exegeses about the message of Christ, the artists preferred to drawn their inspiration from profane culture (as plays) and to emphasize the scene of the waste with the courtesans or to insist on everyday and coarse details.This thesis studies the numerous reasons which led them to such choices (weight of censorship, search for a vast clientele, flattery of the spectator…) and analyses the choices of setting, episode by episode. It demonstrates how artist studios reproduced repetitive formulae and how the iconographic choices facilitated alternately the spiritual meditation, the visual enjoyment or the condescending thoughts to others.

Nous proposons, dans le cadre de cette thèse, de définir une poétique du récit de soi en résistance face à l’expérience de répression nazie, dans un contexte historique élargi. Notre étude couvre une période qui s’étend des premières manifestations antifascistes en France, dès les années trente, avec, en particulier, la création en 1934 du Comité de Vigilance des Intellectuels Antifascistes jusqu’à la fin des années cinquante, marquées par la sortie du film Nuit et Brouillard d’Alain Resnais, en 1956. Afin d’appréhender la notion de récit de soi, nous partons des conclusions que Michel Foucault propose dans son cours au Collège de France en 1982, sur « L’Herméneutique du sujet », et nous considérons donc le récit de soi dans la perspective d’un renouvellement des pratiques du souci de soi. C’est à partir d’une sélection de douze textes, choisis dans un corpus de récits de soi français ou francophones, que nous analysons l’écriture personnelle de la résistance. Notre sélection rassemble des récits de soi choisis pour leur diversité générique - journal, témoignage, poésie, correspondance, livre de raison, essai – ainsi que pour les différentes situations de résistance qu’ils présentent. Il s’agit donc de revisiter l’idée de résistance personnelle perçue comme une attitude de « refusance » telle que Philippe Breton l’a décrite, et de définir, dans le cadre de l’écriture du récit de soi, comment le sujet entre en résistance et dans quelle mesure cette résistance personnelle peut être assimilée à un acte : d’une position foucaldienne de résistance en puissance, émanant de la pratique du souci de soi, le récit de soi devient un acte de résistance face à l’expérience nazie. / Our study analyses the issue of resisting against Nazism through a self-narrative corpus, in a historical context expanding beyond the limitations of the Second World War. It spreads across a period that begins with the creation of the “Comité de Vigilance des Intellectuels Antifascistes » (Committee of Antifascist Intellectual Vigilance) in 1934, until the end of the fifties with the release of the movie Nuit et Brouillard (Night and Fog) directed by Alain Resnais, in 1956. The fundamental idea of self-narrative is to be understood trough Michel Foucault lecture, at the College de France, in 1982, about “L’Herméneutique du Sujet” (The Hermeneutics of the subject). From this point of view, we can establish a parallel between the resisting self-narrative and the self-care practices that he studied from texts written in the Greek and Latin Antiquity. With a selection of twelve texts chosen among a corpus of french or french-speaking self-narratives, we propose to have a new spin on the personal writing of resistance and to define a poetics of these resistant self-narratives. This group of texts gathers different types: diaries, testimonies, poetry, letters and essays. We think that the idea of personal resistance is to be set out with the attitude of “refusance” from Philippe Breton. Thus, we will try to conjure up a notion of how the subject gets on to resistance through writing, and why this personal resisting can be considered as a deed: from a potential resistance drawn by the self-narrative, as Foucault showed it, the self-narrative turns out, in our historical context, to be a resisting act against Nazi experience.

[pt] A Teologia da Criança é o campo de pesquisa que tem como sujeito teológico o ser humano de pouca idade e denuncia o adultocentrismo como estrutura de opressão. O centro de toda construção teológica se estabelece ao redor e a partir da figura da criança. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a experiência de Deus e a valorização da infância, sinalizando a existência de uma ligação estreita entre um e outro. A experiência com o Mistério ganha novos contornos a partir da mística singular das crianças, bem como a infância adquire novas cores a partir da revelação desse Mistério em Jesus Cristo. Os pequeninos são a parábola que as Escrituras utilizam para falar sobre Deus, a vida cristã e os vulneráveis desse mundo, transcendendo assim a razão, a instituição e o consumo como lógica adultocentrica e propondo a mística, a liberdade e a generosidade como alternativa para se fazer como criança. Os adultos podem e devem reconhecer nas crianças um caminho para a experiência real de Deus. / [en] Theology of the child is the research field which has as theological subject the earlier-phases human beings and which denounced the adultcentrism as an oppression structure. The core of all theological construction is established around and from the figure of a child. The research has as its main objective to analyze the relation between experiencing God and the appreciation of childhood, pointing out the existence of a close relationship between them. The experience with Mystery assumes new perspectives through the peculiar, mystic worldview of the children. Also, childhood acquires new colors through the revelation of this Mystery in Jesus Christ. The little ones are the parable which are used by Scriptures to talk about God, Christian life and the vulnerable people of this world, transcending as such the reason, the institution and the consumption as adultcentric logic and proposing the mysticism, freedom and generosity as an alternative to become like children. Adults can and should recognize in children a way to really experiencing God.

[pt] A presente dissertação trata do anúncio e práxis do Reino de Deus, com a finalidade de perceber os elementos escatológicos da temática, presentes no pensamento de Edward Schillebeeckx, contidos na obra Jesus, a história de um vivente, além de outras obras do autor e de outros autores em diálogo com ele. A metodologia adotada é a da revisão bibliográfica, e os pontos de relevância são o anúncio, a práxis do Reino, e a percepção dos elementos escatológicos destacados por Schillebeeckx. Jesus anunciou o Reino de Deus, por meio das bem-aventuranças, parábolas e a reinterpretação da Lei mosaica a favor dos pobres, trazendo de Deus a ajuda salvadora para a humanidade. Se as bem-aventuranças são o programa de vida do Reino, as parábolas são sua ilustração vital, e todas elas se referem ao próprio Jesus, que é, em pessoa, o Reino de Deus. Consequente do anúncio, a práxis do Reino em Jesus se verifica em suas atitudes de cura e libertação do mal, revelando a compaixão e misericórdia de Deus. O anúncio e práxis do Reino geram a comunidade de discípulos, que, após a morte e ressurreição de Jesus, na força do Espírito Santo, dá continuidade à sua missão na história. Com Jesus, o Profeta escatológico, o Reino de Deus se aproxima da humanidade e realiza já o que ainda há de ser plenamente experimentado no futuro escatológico de Deus. / [en] This dissertation deals with the proclamation and praxis of the God s Kingdom, in order to realize the eschatological elements of the theme, present in the thought of Edward Schillebeeckx, contained in the book Jesus, the story of a living, and other works by the author and other authors in dialogue with him. The methodology adopted is the literature review, and the points of relevance are the announcement, the praxis of the kingdom, and the perception of the eschatological elements highlighted by Schillebeeckx. Jesus proclaimed the Kingdom of God, through the Beatitudes, parables and the reinterpretation of the Mosaic Law for the poor people, bringing God s saving help for Humanity. If the beatitudes are the life program of the kingdom, the parables are a vital illustration, and they all refer to Jesus himself, who is, himself, the kingdom of God. Subsequent announcement, the praxis of the kingdom in Jesus is found in their attitude healing and deliverance from evil, revealing the compassion and mercy of God. The announcement and praxis of the kingdom generate a community of disciples who, after the death and resurrection of Jesus, in the power of the Holy Spirit, continues His mission in history. With Jesus, the eschatological prophet, God s Kingdom is approaching humanity and accomplishes what has yet to be fully experienced in the eschatological future of God.

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Discontent with preaching as mode of communication is the problem statement of this study. The authoritative nature of deductive preaching is mirrored by the exploratory, "discovery nature" of inductive models, emphasizing how dialogical preaching is enhanced by incorporating inductive elements into preaching. Meaning production and levels of meaning were studied, and a hermeneutical model for Pentecostal churches were proposed. Dialogical preaching as attitude and principle as well as method was looked at, and the role of interactive participative communication in the dialogic process was described. Special emphasis was placed on the Parable, the metaphor and narrative preaching as models for inductive preaching, and the development and phases of the "plot" was examined. Bridging models between inductive and deductive styles were explored, while two dialogical tools for preparation of sermons were designed. / Practical Theology / Th.M. (Practical theology)

„Lessing und der Islam“ beschäftigt sich unparteiisch mit Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam. Die Arbeit setzt sich das Ziel, den Leser und den Literaturkennern sowie der deutschen Bibliothek der Germanistik etwas von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam in die Hand zu geben, die bis heute als großes Modell für die interkulturelle und interreligiöse Menschheitstoleranzdebatte im Gedächtnis der deutschen Literatur vorhanden ist. Im ersten Teil widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit den historisch-traditionellen literarischen Hintergründen und Vorkenntnissen Lessings zur islamischen Kultur, und deren Wirkung auf die deutsche Aufklärung im 18. Jahrhundert. In den nächsten Teilen (2-6) beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit dem Islam in Lessings Werk und den historischen Texten von Voltaire und Marin. Sie konzentriert sich z. B. auf die dramatischen Schaffen und philosophisch-theologischen Schriften dieses deutschen Aufklärers über den Islam wie „Rettung des Hieronymus Cardanus“(1754), „Fatime“- Trauerspiel (1759) und „Nathan der Weise“ (1759) usw. Am Ende wird das Treffen der Religionsvertreter von - Judentum, Christentum und Islam - in „Nathan“ mit der erforderlichen, interkulturellen und interreligiösen Toleranzdebatte als aktuelle Weltfrage verbunden, die als Resultat für diese wissenschafts-literarische Darstellung von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam betrachtet werden kann. / „Lessing and Islam“ deals impartially with Lessings discussion with Islam. The work aims to itself to give the reader and the literature experts as well as the German library of the German studies to somewhat of Lessings discussion with Islam in the hand which exists till this day as a big model for the intercultural and interreligious human tolerance debate in memory of the German literature. In the first part the present work devotes itself to the historical-traditional literary backgrounds and foreknowledge Lessings to the Islamic culture, and their effect on the German clarification in the 18th century. In the next parts (2-6) the work deals with Islam in Lessings to work and the historical texts of Voltaire and Marine. She concentrates, e.g., upon the dramatic creating and philosophical-theological writings of this German reconnaissance plane about Islam like „Rescue Hieronymus Cardanus“(1754), "Fatime" (1759) and „Nathan of the manner“ (1779) etc. At the end is connected the meeting of the religious representatives from - Judaism, Christianity and Islam - in "Nathan" with the necessary, intercultural and interreligious tolerance debate as a topical world question which can be looked as a result for this science-literary representation of Lessings discussion with Islam.

Discontent with preaching as mode of communication is the problem statement of this study. The authoritative nature of deductive preaching is mirrored by the exploratory, "discovery nature" of inductive models, emphasizing how dialogical preaching is enhanced by incorporating inductive elements into preaching. Meaning production and levels of meaning were studied, and a hermeneutical model for Pentecostal churches were proposed. Dialogical preaching as attitude and principle as well as method was looked at, and the role of interactive participative communication in the dialogic process was described. Special emphasis was placed on the Parable, the metaphor and narrative preaching as models for inductive preaching, and the development and phases of the "plot" was examined. Bridging models between inductive and deductive styles were explored, while two dialogical tools for preparation of sermons were designed. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Th.M. (Practical theology)

This paper considers the role of the human body in Octavia E. Butler’s The Parable of theSower and the way it interacts with defined space to stage expressive forms of politicalopposition. Understanding the relationship between physical or metaphorical space and thecontradictions of the societies they encompass is crucial to deciphering Butler’s near-futuredystopia; a world where the problems of real-life Los Angeles and Southern California aredistorted into a gross carnivalesque of gender stereotypes, sociopolitical tensions, and vigilante warfare. This paper places a special emphasis on the areas of social and political stagnation found in Butler’s vision of near-future L.A., and analyses the dangers of clinging to archaic, patriarchal systems that no longer resonate with contemporary audiences. Focus is also placed on potential methods of resistance against oppressive social institutions, particularly exploring the limitations met by protagonist, Lauren Oya Olamina, in her attempts to voice concerns in a society where language is so nuanced by “traditional” gendered qualities that the female voice carries no political value. This papers also questions theories which promote violent confrontation as a means to social reform, disregarding collateral damage and victims of war in favour of insurgency. By exploring the movement of the human body away from defined space, this paper supports Butler’s notion of alternative prosocial action which celebrates the margins of society, positing a nurturing, constructive means to resist political opposition.

This thesis seeks to bridge feminist and environmental justice movements through the literature of black women writers. These writers create an archive that contribute towards the liberation of queer, black, and transgender peoples. In the novel Parable of the Talents, Octavia Butler constructs a world that highlights the pervasive effects of climate change. As climate change expedites poverty, Americans begin to blame others, such as queer people, for the destruction of their country. Butler depicts the dangers of fundamentalism as a response to climate change, highlighting an imperative for a movement that does not romanticize the environment as heteronormative, but a space where queers can flourish. Just as queer and environmental justice movements are codependent on one another, feminist movements cannot be separate from black and transgender liberation. This thesis will demonstrate how writers, such as Audre Lorde, Toni Morrison, Angela Davis, and Janet Mock, help establish a feminism that resists the erasure of black and transgender people.