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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

A representação social do trabalho para adolescentes trabalhadores

Andréa Cristina Oliveira Ferreira 02 July 2014 (has links)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar as representações sociais do trabalho entre adolescentes trabalhadores inseridos em um programa de aprendizagem laboral na cidade de São José dos Campos/SP. Essa instituição oferece um projeto de apoio para a inserção de adolescentes no mercado de trabalho por meio de parcerias com empresas públicas e privadas, cuidando, assim, para que essa inserção laboral ocorra seguindo as exigências da Lei de Aprendizagem (n 10.097/2000) e do Decreto Federal 5.598/2005. Para realizar a pesquisa, adotou-se como método o Estudo de Caso (YIN, 2001), considerando que essa instituição pesquisada constitui-se como um caso específico de apoio a adolescentes trabalhadores. Como instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram aplicados questionários e foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, além de ter sido utilizada a técnica de associações livres a partir de figuras com diferentes situações de trabalho, estudo e lazer. Participaram como sujeitos de pesquisa 280 adolescentes trabalhadores na etapa de aplicação de questionários e 23 adolescentes nas demais etapas de coleta de dados. A tabulação dos questionários foi realizada por meio do software SPHINX 5.0 e as questões foram agrupadas em quatro categorias: (1) Caracterização sociodemográfica; (2) Significado do trabalho; (3) Repercussões do trabalho na vida dos adolescentes e; (4) Relação trabalho X estudo. Para a análise dos dados obtidos com as entrevistas semi-estruturadas foi adotada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2007), também criando-se quatro categorias de análise: (1) Mudanças na vida do adolescente a partir do trabalho; (2) Motivos para o adolescente começar a trabalhar; (3)Trabalho ideal e; (4) Concepção do trabalho. Por fim, a análise dos resultados com as associações livres a partir de figuras foi realizada após a organização e as interpretações dos conteúdos obtidos dentro de três eixos que indicavam a temática das figuras apresentadas aos sujeitos de pesquisa, são eles: (1) trabalho; (2) estudo e; (3) família e lazer. Depois de realizadas as análises de cada instrumento, foi elaborada uma triangulação de métodos na qual as diferentes resultados encontrados com as técnicas de coletas de dados foram comparados e confrontados, possibilitando uma maior compreensão do fenômeno das representações sociais do trabalho para adolescentes trabalhadores. Assim, criaram-se três blocos de análise: (1) Significados do trabalho; (2) Repercussões do trabalho na vida dos adolescentes e; (3) Relação trabalho X estudo, que reuniram todos os dados obtidos com a pesquisa e possibilitou toda a discussão e análise do fenômeno das representações sociais do trabalho para adolescentes trabalhadores de acordo com as temáticas trazidas pelos sujeitos. Após todos o processo de análise, chegou-se que as representações sociais do trabalho para os adolescentes pesquisados relacionam-se à aquisição de responsabilidades e amadurecimento que contribuem para o reconhecimento deles diante da sociedade e para a formação de suas identidades. Além disso, a representação social do trabalho também está vinculada à aquisição de aprendizagens, experiências e de melhores oportunidades no mercado de trabalho. E, por fim, a representação social do trabalho vincula-se ao valor moral do Homem trabalhador que é tido como honesto, digno e batalhador. Por fim, ressalta-se que o trabalho na adolescência colocou-se como um caminho natural na vida desses adolescentes pesquisados, contudo, essa experiência é representada positivamente por estar vinculada a uma dimensão de aprendizagem com o trabalho. / The aim of this study is to investigate the social representations of teen workers who are tied to an institution located in the city of São José dos Campos, in the Vale do Paraíba Paulista region. This institution provides support project for the insertion of teenagers in the labor market through partnerships with public and private companies, ensuring that job placement occurs following the requirements of the Learning Law (n. 10.097 / 2000) and Federal Decree 5.598/2005. To conduct the research, was adopted the method of case study (YIN, 2001), considering that the research institution is constituted as a specific case of support for adolescent workers. As instruments for data collection were used questionnaires semi-structured interviews, besides free interpretations from pictures with different work situations, study and leisure. As research subjects, 280 teenagers participates in the questionnaires step and 23 adolescents in the qualitive steps. The tabulation of the questionnaires was performed using the SPHINX 5.0 software and later analyzes from the three dimensions of social representation were performed: information, representational field and attitudes (MOSCOVICI, 2012), creating three axes to organize discussions, beyond sociodemographics: `Meaning of work;"Repercussions of work in the lives of teenagers" and; `Relationship Work X Study. To analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews was adopted the technique of content analysis (BARDIN, 2007), creating four categories of analysis: `Changes in adolescent life from work; `Reasons for the teenagers get to work; `Dream Job and; `Work design. Finally, the analysis of figures from the free associations was held after the organization of contents and interpretations obtained within the three thematic classes of the figures used in the research, ie, `work; `Study and; `Family and Leisure. After completing the analysis of each instrument, was created a triangulation of methods in which the different data collection techniques were compared and collated, enabling a greater understanding of the phenomenon of social representations of teen workers. Therefore, were created three blocks of analysis: `Meaning of work; `Repercussions of work in the lives of teenagers and; `Relationship Work X Study, which brought together all the data obtained from the research and analyzed and discussed the content according to the theme of it. After all this process of analysis, has come up that the social representations of work for teens surveyed were relate to the acquisition of responsibility and maturity that contribute to their recognition in society and to the formation of their identities. Moreover, the social representation of the work is also linked to the acquisition of learning, experience and best opportunities in the labor market. And finally, the social representation of the work is linked to the moral value of workers that are seen as honest and decent fighter. Finally, is necessary to emphasize that the work in adolescence stood as a natural way in the lives of adolescents surveyed, however, that experience is represented positively by being linked to a learning dimension to the work.
212

Aquecimento global: uma investigação sobre as representações sociais e concepções de alunos da escola básica / An investigation of Social Representations and Conceptions of High School/Elementary School students

Renata Marchioreto Muniz 06 April 2010 (has links)
A partir de 1990 o fenômeno \"aquecimento global\" passou a ser uma das mais frequentes questões ambientais veiculadas pela mídia, fato ocasionado, provavelmente, pelos relatórios do IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Sabe-se da complexidade do assunto e que concepções diferentes podem surgir em seu estudo. Dada a relevância desse tema para a vida no planeta, considera-se importante conhecer como os alunos estão compreendendo esse assunto, e como se colocam frente a essa problemática. A presente pesquisa buscou conhecer o que os alunos sabem sobre o aquecimento global, suas possíveis causas, seus efeitos, os responsáveis e seu posicionamento frente ao problema e às possíveis soluções. Considerando que os conhecimentos manifestados pelos alunos são socialmente elaborados e partilhados, a análise se baseou na teoria das representações sociais e como havia o interesse de investigar questões específicas, se considerou as concepções manifestas individualmente, uma vez que os conhecimentos pessoais ou teorias subjetivas podem justificar comportamentos pessoais. A pesquisa investigou as ideias de alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e da 3ª série do Ensino Médio, de quatro escolas da Grande São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário com doze questões, sendo oito de múltipla escolha e quatro dissertativas. A Representação social que a maioria dos alunos possui é que aquecimento global é o aumento de temperatura do planeta, pouco citando o efeito estufa, sendo sua causa a poluição. A diminuição da camada de ozônio é citada pelos alunos do Ensino Fundamental e causas naturais são citadas por parte do Ensino Médio. Para minimizar os efeitos estão o consumo consciente, reciclagem, não desperdiçar energia e campanhas de conscientização, porém, ações como não jogar lixo nas ruas e não poluir as águas também são consideradas. São feitas associações da poluição como causa e derretimento das geleiras como efeito do aquecimento global. No Ensino Médio são associados também os impactos ambientais, mas encontramos citações de terremotos e tsunamis como efeitos do aquecimento global. Com essa pesquisa percebeu-se que os estudantes ainda não possuem clareza sobre o tema, fazem muitas confusões entre conceitos distintos e não sabem, ao certo, qual é seu papel em relação à responsabilidade e formas de minimizar os efeitos. Muitos pontos convergem entre os níveis de escolaridade, mesmo assim, algumas concepções alternativas são abandonadas a medida que o nível de escolaridade aumenta. Além disso, os alunos do Ensino Médio, mesmo com algumas limitações, conseguem dissertar melhor, visto que possuem maior grau de conhecimento sobre o tema. / From 1990 the phenomenon \"global warming\" became one of the most frequent environmental questions transmitted in the media, a fact caused, probably by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reports. The complexity of the subject is known and different conceptions can arise in its study. Given the relevance of this theme to the life on the planet, it\'s considered important to know how students understand this subject, and how facing front to this problem. The present research find know what the students know about the global warming, its possible causes, its effects, those who are responsible and its positioning to the problem and possible solutions. Considering that the expressed knowledge by students are socially developed and shared, the analysis was based in the social representation theory and there was an interest to investigate specific questions, it was considered the conceptions expressed individually, once the personal knowledge or subjective theories can justify personal behavior. The research investigate the ideas of students in the 9th grade and 3rd grade of High School, of 4 schools in Sao Paulo. The data was collected through a questionnaire with 12 questions, 8 of them were multiple choice and 4 were written. The social representation that most of the students do is that global warming is the world\'s increasing of temperature, without mentioning greenhouse effect and its cause is the pollution. The depletion of the ozone is mentioned by students in Elementary School and natural causes mentioned from part of High School. To minimize the effects are the conscious consume, recycling, not wasting energy and awareness campaigns however actions like, not littering and not polluting the water are also considered. Associations are made of pollution as a cause and melting glaciers as an effect. In High School are also associated the environmental impacts, but we found earthquakes quotes and tsunamis as global warming effects. With this research it could be realized that students still don\'t have knowledge about the subject, they make mistakes between different concepts and they don\'t know, what is their role to the responsibility and ways to minimize the effects. Many points converge between education levels and some alternative conceptions are still abandoned according to the education level increasing. Besides, High School students, even with some limitations can write better, because they have more knowledge about the subject.
213

Digital politik : En undersökning av politiska facebookgrupper med hjälp av Social Representation Theory (SRT) & kvantitativ innehållsanalys

Vedmar, Dennis January 2020 (has links)
I följande arbete kombineras Social Representation Theory (SRT) med kvantitativ innehållsanalys när politiska facebookgrupper undersöks. Fyra grupper och tolv inlägg och 164 kommentarer undersöks. Den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen visar att samtalsklimatet på politiska facebookgrupper är hårt och ganska elakt. Dessutom präglas grupperna av en viss enhällighet vad gäller åsikter och en av fyra grupper bedöms vara en ekokammare. SRT-analysen undersöker sociala representationer och visar att strategin objektifiering är den som förekommer oftast på politiska facebookgrupper. Objektifiering handlar om att göra det okända känt genom förenklande jämförelser. I exempelvis diskussioner om Sveriges covid-19 strategi så jämförs äldre svenskar med offerlamm i ett försök att kritisera Sveriges covid-19 strategi. Objektifiering förekommer även när socialism som ideologi kritiseras genom att likställas med kommunism. En annan SRT-strategi som förekom ofta var motsats förankring, vilket innebär att grupper ställs mot varandra, som när gruppen papperslösa invandrare (ej att tycka synd om) jämfördes med fattigpensionärer (att tycka synd om). / In the following work, Social Representation Theory (SRT) is combined with quantitative content analysis when political Facebook groups are examined. Four groups and twelve posts and 164 comments are examined. The quantitative content analysis shows that the conversational climate on political Facebook groups is harsh and rather nasty. In addition, the groups are characterized by a certain unanimity in terms of opinions and one in four groups is judged an echo chamber. The SRT analysis examines social representations and shows that the objectification strategy is the one that most often occurs on political Facebook groups. Objectification is about making the unknown known through simplifying comparisons. In discussions about Sweden's covid-19 strategy, for example, older Swedes are compared to sacrificial lambs in an attempt to criticize Sweden's covid-19 strategy. Objectification also occurs when socialism as an ideology is criticized by being equated with communism. Another SRT strategy that often occurred was opposing anchoring, which means that groups are pitted against each other, as when the group of undocumented immigrants (not to feel sorry for) was compared to poor pensioners (to feel sorry for).
214

Inclusion scolaire, représentations sociales de l'altérité et du handicap et attitudes à l'égard du handicap : Effet des facteurs contact, visibilité et importunité / School inclusion, social representations of the otherness and the handicap and attitudes towards disabled : Effect of the factors contact, visibility and intrusiveness

Harma, Kalina 07 November 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse vise à repérer l'impact de l'inclusion d'élèves handicapés en milieu scolaire ordinaire sur les représentations sociales du handicap et de l'altérité et les attitudes des collégiens. Il s'agit particulièrement d'étudier l'effet de l'interaction des facteurs contact, visibilité et importunité du handicap sur leur évolution. Ce travail s'inscrit dans une approche structurale des représentations sociales. L'objectif est de repérer le contenu et la structure des représentations sociales du handicap et de l'altérité, notamment les éléments centraux qui en constituent les éléments stables. Les attitudes dépendant des représentations sociales, celles portant sur le handicap ont été étudiées. 549 élèves de 6° et de 5° ont été interrogés en début et fin d'année scolaire (représentation sociale et attitude initiales vs finales). Les résultats montrent : 1) que le handicap est un élément central de la représentation sociale de l'altérité ; 2) que la dimension médicale est massivement présente dans la représentation sociale du handicap et occupe une place centrale; 3) que l'attitude des collégiens à l'égard de leurs pairs handicapés et envers la politique inclusive est nettement favorable ; 4) que l'évolution des représentations sociales et des attitudes des collégiens dépend de l'interaction des facteurs contact, visibilité et importunité du handicap. / This thesis aims sought to gauge the impact of including pupils with disabilities in ordinary schools on the social representations of disability and otherness and attitudes held by their classmates. We mainly want to study the effect that the interaction of contact, visibility and intrusiveness of the handicap has on their evolution. This work is part of a structural approach of social representations. The purpose is to identify the content and internal structure of social representation, and more particularly the core elements that are the steady part of that structure. Attitudes resulting from social representations have been studied. 549 pupils in the first and second years of junior high school have been interviewed first at the beginning and then at the end of school year (initial social representation and attitudes versus final one). The results showed: 1) That disability is a major element of the otherness' social representation; 2) That the medical aspect is both massively present and central in the social representation of disability; 3) That pupils' reaction towards the inclusive policy and disabled students is clearly positive; 4) That evolution of pupils' social representations and attitudes depends on the interaction between contact, visibility and intrusiveness of the handicap.
215

Det nya arbetarpartiet : Om social representation i riksdagen och Sverigedemokraternas ambition att utmana Socialdemokraterna som Sveriges arbetarparti

Lindholm, Hanna January 2020 (has links)
Sverigedemokraterna har på kort tid blivit jämförbara med Socialdemokraterna vad gäller stöd från arbetarväljare. Tidigare har inget parti bestående kunnat utmana Socialdemokraterna som arbetarnas parti. En orsak är att Sverigedemokraternas politik har stöd bland många arbetarväljare. En annan förklaring kan vara att partiets företrädare har arbetarbakgrund, vilket denna uppsats visar. Deskriptiv social representation mäter överensstämmelsen mellan  partiföreträdares sociala bakgrund och partisympatisörers sociala bakgrund. Frågeställningen lyder, hur deskriptivt representativa i socio-ekonomiskt avseende är Sverigedemokraterna och Socialdemokraterna för sina väljare? Det första syftet är att ge en beskrivande analys av Sverigedemokraternas och Socialdemokraternas företrädare i riksdagen efter år 2018 och deras sociala bakgrund. Det andra syftet är att undersöka väljares sociala representation genom en beskrivande analys av partisympatisörers sociala bakgrundsprofil. Bakgrundsvariabler som undersökts bland partiföreträdarna och väljarkåren är kön, utbildning, och yrke. Den deskriptiva sociala representation som undersöks i Sverigedemokraterna och Socialdemokraterna fokuserar på frågan om klass i första hand. Uppsatsens resultat visar att Sverigedemokraternas riksdagsgrupp i själva verkat har en högre andel arbetare och en högre andel icke-akademiker än Socialdemokraterna bland företrädarna. Utöver att Sverigedemokraterna blivit mer likvärdiga Socialdemokraterna vad gäller arbetarväljare har  Sverigedemokraterna dessutom gått om Socialdemokraterna i termer av arbetarföreträdare. Uppsatsens resultat visar också att Sverigedemokraterna har en högre överrepresentation bland arbetarväljare än Socialdemokraterna.
216

Ät mer växtbaserat! Hälsningar från vego-branschen : En multimodal textanalys om hur vegetariska och veganska livsmedelsvarumärken framställer sig själva genom sina förpackningar / Eat more plant-based! Greetings from the vegan industry : A multimodal text analysis on how vegetarian and vegan food brands presents themselves through their packaging

Förste, Emma January 2021 (has links)
The purpose of this paper is to study how vegetarian and vegan food brands use visualcommunication on their packages and website to present themselves to consumers. Theincreasing/growing interest in eating vegetarian and vegan food amongst the Swedishpopulation has led to a growing market in this area. The most significant reason to thisincreasing interest is the climate change. In 2019, the European Union presented a proposal toprohibit these replacement products to refer to familiar non-vegetarian/vegan food by name toavoid misleading marketing. This debated topic evoked the interest to investigate how socalled vego-brands adapt their visual communication in this societal context. To reach aconclusion on the issue three different brands are examined: Anamma, Quorn and Planti. Themethod used to analyze the material is a visual text analysis combined with concepts fromrhetorical analysis and semiotics. Social representation, Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) and greenwashing make up the primary theoretical framework in this study. The analysis of this paper identified recurring patterns that can be discerned from the brandcommunication. They all express a vision to get more people to choose plant-based food bymaking it easy and tasty. All three brands use naming and other visual components on theirpackaging to make them familiar to customers so they understand what they are buying.Overall, the brands also use the current climate change issue to convince people to eat moreplant-based food. The conclusion of this study is that these three brands adapt their visualcommunication to the current societal context and reproduce public attitudes and values totheir advantage
217

Autisme en Inde : interventions, qualité de vie des mères et représentations sociales / Non communiqué

Raghavan, Prathama 08 December 2012 (has links)
L'autisme est un trouble universel et plusieurs études confirment la présence de l'autisme en Inde. Il y a de plus en plus d'études en Inde mais il manque encore d'informations précises sur les types d'interventions les plus utilisés. La qualité de vie des parents d'enfant avec autisme, reste un champ de recherche, encore peu exploité au niveau international. La qualité de vie parentale peut apporter une richesse d'informations afin d'adapter au mieux les interventions aux besoins de l'enfant et de sa famille. Les représentations sociales sur l'autisme nous permettent d'identifier des cognitions liées à l'autisme chez les parents et des professionnels indiens. Dans cette étude nous décrivons les caractéristiques de 15 enfants les interventions mise en place et la qualité de vie des mères et nous analysons les liens entre ces trois aspects. Nous établissons également une comparaison entre l'Inde et la France. Les résultats montrent des liens entre le nombre d'heures d'interventions et les caractéristiques adaptatives et psychologiques de l'enfant ainsi qu'avec la qualité de viedes mères. L'étude comparative montre des différences dans le profil adaptatif des enfants et les interventions des deux pays. Une deuxième partie aborde les questions des représentations sociales de l'autisme de 30 parents et 30 professionnels indiens et montre des différences entre les représentations des deux groupes. / Autism has been now established to be universal and several studies have confirmed the presence of Autism in India. There are an increasing number of studies in India but there is not much precise information on the most commonly used intervention techniques. The quality of life of parents of children with autism is an area of research that has not been sufficiently exploited despite its potential to influence intervention techniques and its adaptation to the child's and the family's unique situation. Social representations of autism will allow us to identify cognitions of parents and professionnels related to autism. In this study, we describe the characteristics of 15 children with autism, the quality of life of their mothers and the intervention techniques used. We also study the relationship between these three factors. A comparative study of these aspects between India and France is done. The results show links between the hours of interventions and the children's adaptive behaviour and psychological characteristics as well as with the quality of life of mothers. The comparative study shows differences in adaptive behaviour and intervention techniques between the two countries.A second part of the study deals with social representation of autism in 30 parents and professionals of autism. This study shows differences in the representations between the two groups.
218

Les représentations sociales du développement durable : des enjeux de sexe et de genre / Social representations of sustainable development : sex and gender's stakes

Gandon, Anne-Line 19 March 2011 (has links)
Le développement durable est devenu une notion structurante du champ social. Il est au centre de trois volets, chacun répondant aux crises qui ont touché le monde contemporain : le social, l’économique et l’environnement. Or, l’environnement est repris allègrement par les acteurs sociaux, et cela même aux dépens du social. Pourtant, ce volet est primordial dans la mesure où une réforme des rapports de pouvoir est essentielle à la résolution de la crise écologique.Or, si le volet social est élipsé au profit du volet environnement qui est verbalisé, la société qui se met en marche selon un « développement durable » est donc réduite à « respecter l’environnement ». S’ensuit une naturalisation dangereuse des rapports sociaux, et surtout des plus « naturels » d’entre eux, les rapports sociaux de sexe. Loin d’une réforme des rapports sociaux, le développement durable engendre une révolution naturaliste du sexe et du genre.Nous avons donc étudié les représentations sociales du développement durable au sein d’une collectivité territoriale pour révéler leur dynamique. En effet, celle-ci est exemplaire en matière de développement durable. Par ailleurs, elle est parcourue d’un fort clivage entre services technique et administratif, qui est aussi sexué puisque l’un est composé d’hommes et l’autre de femmes. Nous verrons comment l’objectivation du développement durable dans l’environnement assied la proéminence du technique et des hommes sur l’administratif et les femmes, mais aussi une naturalisation des rapports sociaux de sexe. / Sustainable development has become a structural notion of the social field. It’s at the cross of three volets, each of them answers to crises that impacted the contemporary world : social, economic and environment. But, the environment one is cheerfully used by social actors, at social one’s expense. Nevertheless, this volet is essential insofar as a reform of power relationships is necessary to ecological crise’s solution. But, if the social volet is silent to the advantage of the environment volet which is verbalized, the society which leans against a “sustainable development” is reduced to “respect the environment”. It follows that social relationships are naturalized, and above all the more natural of them, social relationships of sex. Far from a reform of social relationships, sustainable development generates a naturalist revolution of sex and gender.We studied social representations of sustainable development into a french local authority to come to light their dynamic. Indeed, this former is exemplary in sustainable development empowerment. Otherwise, it’s made of a strong dichotomy between technical and administrative departments, which is sexual because the first is composed of men and the second of women. We’ll see how sustainable development’s objectivation in environment confirms the domination of technical and men on administrative and women, and moreover a naturalisation of social relationships of sex.
219

[en] MODERN WOMEN: FEMALE REPRESENTATION ON ADS ON MAGAZINE O CRUZEIRO (1950 – 1964) / [pt] MULHERES MODERNAS: AS REPRESENTAÇÕES DO FEMININO NOS ANÚNCIOS DA REVISTA O CRUZEIRO (1950 – 1964)

THAIS DIAS DELFINO CABRAL 30 August 2019 (has links)
[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a representação social da mulher na publicidade brasileira entre os anos de 1950 e 1964. Inicia-se o trabalho com uma revisão de literatura sobre os estudos de consumo e de publicidade. Depois, partindo do conceito de representações coletivas de Émile Durkheim (1912), avalia-se a importância das representações para o funcionamento da vida social. Para tanto, referimo-nos a Serge Moscovici (1961), Stuart Hall (2016) e Simone de Beauvoir (1949). Contextualizam-se, então, as transformações políticas, econômicas, socioculturais e tecnológicas pelas quais o Brasil passava na época em que os anúncios publicitários usados nesta pesquisa foram veiculados. Por fim, empreende-se uma análise das narrativas publicitárias relacionadas à mulher na revista O Cruzeiro. Buscam-se similaridades e dissimilaridades no discurso publicitário do arco temporal prescrito, focando, principalmente, na construção da mulher moderna. Partindo do princípio que a publicidade pode ser um meio de revisitar perspectivas passadas – e, ainda, que a representação social é um fenômeno inescapável da vida social –, discute-se, pois, o ser mulher na sociedade brasileira. / [en] This research aims to analyze the social representation of women in Brazilian advertising between the years of 1950 and 1964. The work begins with a review of the literature on the studies of consumption and advertising as a whole. Then, the work evaluates the importance of collective representations (Durkheim, 1912) for the functioning of social life. For that, we refer to Serge Moscovici (1961), Stuart Hall (2016) and Simone de Beauvoir (1949). The political, economic, socio-cultural and technological transformations that Brazil went through at the time the ads used in this research were conveyed are then contextualized. Finally, an analysis of the advertising discourse on women in O Cruzeiro is undertaken. Similarities and dissimilarities are sought in advertising discourse of the prescribed temporal arc, focusing, mainly, on the construction of the modern woman. Assuming that advertising can be a means of revisiting past perspectives – and also that social representation is an inescapable phenomenon of social life –, on being women in Brazilian society is therefore discussed.
220

Langage(s) et pouvoir symbolique en organisations / Language(s) and symbolic power in organizations

Avisseau, Cendrine 20 January 2012 (has links)
La thèse interroge la façon dont les organisations imposent leurs attendus comportementaux et verbaux à leurs membres. Elles utilisent le caractère codique de la langue comme technique d’asservissement. Par la seule parole, elles inscrivent leur pouvoir dans une hiérarchie de places, de statuts et de comportements. Cependant, le maître n’est jamais totalement puissant, ni le serviteur totalement dominé. Nous pensons qu’une négociation des rôles se joue dans le verbe et dans les postures qui sont en partie contestés et recréés par les individus. Dans le cadre du déploiement d’un projet de management de la performance chez Schneider Electric et lors de cours de communication donnés à des élèves ingénieurs au CNAM, nous avons observé comment les individus s’approprient le langage et l’ethos prescrits par l’organisation. Une mimesis par rapport aux modèles prônés est à l’œuvre. Cependant, elle n’est pas une duplication mais une recréation. Le désir de correspondre aux modèles de l’organisation se heurte à l’envie d’être soi, c’est-à-dire unique. Au sein d’une forêt de symboles et de mythes qui engendrent des figures de la domination, les individus dupliquent, résistent et composent. A leur recréation se mêle une quête identitaire. Ils procèdent à une reconstruction de soi permanente car l’identité n’est pas un processus figé. Cependant, la mise en cohérence des parcours passe par une mise en récit de soi. / The thesis queries how organizations impose their behavioral and verbal expectations to their members. They use the coding nature of the language as a technique of enslavement. By the sole language, they settle their authority in a hierarchy of places, statuses, and behaviors. However, the master is never totally powerful, nor is the servant totally dominated. We believe that a negotiation for the roles takes place in the words and the postures that are partly challenged and re-created by individuals. During the deployment of a project of management of the performance at Schneider Electric, as well as during communication courses to engineering students at the CNAM, we observed how people appropriate the language and ethos prescribed by the organization. A mimesis of the prescribed models is at work. However, it is not duplication but re-creation. The desire to match the models of the organization faces the urge to be oneself, that is to be unique. In the midst of a forest of symbols and myths that create figures of domination, individuals duplicate, resist, and make up. Their re-creation mingles with an identity quest. They are a permanent rebuilding self-esteem because identity is not a static process. However, implementing the consistency of the route passes through a story in itself.

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