The present study has as main goal to get to know the Social Representations from the teaching being to the nurse teacher on nursing graduation, as well as all the features of the upbringing and professional trajectory essential on the decision of becoming a teacher. Thirteen nursing teachers from the nursing graduation course from two universities in the Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraiba Paulista who teach nursing sciences subjects. Featured as an exploratory-descriptive with a qualitative approach at the light of Social Representations theoretical references, being two tools used to collect data: a questionnaire comprising questions pertinent to socio-demographic data and upbringing and professional, and the other tool the half-structured interview with the guiding issue: `What made you become a teacher? Speak about your professional trajectory. The methodological approach used on the analysis of the interviews was the Collective Subject Speech, when three main ideas were identified, namely: The nurse is an educator; More time to care for children; External Influences. The results on the first CSD revealed that the Social Representations on the teaching being to the participants were based on caring in nursing owns history, when they regarded the nurse as a born educator and teaching as a way of caring. Other motivating factors were mentioned as well: communication skills, socializing skills, tools to contribute to change realities, turning theory into practice, besides being engaged in researching and studying all the time. At the second CDS the participants stated that teaching was the way to bring professional life and the role of mother together, showing that the Social Representations of womens social role as responsible for the care for the children remains unaltered even after her insertion in the job market. At the third CDS it was highlighted that the construction of a professional identity is closely related to the socialization process that begins in the nuclear family and spreads out for a lifetime, introducing the person into new segments of the society as it was the case of the professional socialization influenced by the graduation teacher. It is said to be that this case can elicit the debate and the reflexion on the process of nursing teacher upbringing for the practice on higher education in view of the Nursing Curriculum Guidelines proposals. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as Representações Sociais do ser docente para o enfermeiro professor da graduação em enfermagem, bem como os aspectos da formação e da trajetória profissional determinantes na decisão de se tornar docente. Foram entrevistadas treze enfermeiras docentes do curso de graduação em enfermagem de duas universidades da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba Paulista, que ministravam disciplinas das ciências da enfermagem. Caracterizou-se como um estudo exploratório-descritivo com enfoque qualitativo a luz do referencial teórico das Representações Sociais, sendo aplicados dois instrumentos na coleta de dados: um questionário contendo questões relativas a dados sociodemográficos, de formação e trajetória profissional e o outro instrumento foi a entrevista semiestruturada com a questão norteadora: O que te motivou a se tornar docente? Fale sobre sua trajetória profissional. A estratégia metodológica utilizada para a análise das entrevistas foi o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, sendo identificadas três ideias centrais, a saber: O enfermeiro é um educador; Mais tempo para cuidar dos filhos; Influências. Os resultados no primeiro DSC revelaram que as Representações Sociais sobre o ser docente para as participantes estavam ancoradas na própria história do cuidar em enfermagem, quando consideraram que o enfermeiro é um educador inato e que a docência é uma forma de cuidar. Ainda apontaram como fatores motivadores: habilidade pessoal para se comunicar, facilidade de interação interpessoal; possibilidade de contribuir para transformar a realidade; aliando a teoria com a prática, além de estar sempre pesquisando e estudando. No DSC 2 as participantes mencionaram que a docência foi o caminho para conciliar a vida profissional e seu papel de mãe, demonstrando que a RS do papel social da mulher como responsável pelo cuidado com os filhos permanece inalterado, mesmo após seu ingresso no mercado de trabalho. No DSC 3 ficou evidente que a construção da identidade profissional está diretamente relacionada com a socialização que se inicia no âmbito familiar e se estende por toda vida, introduzindo o indivíduo em novos setores da sociedade, como foi o caso da socialização profissional influenciada pela professora da graduação. Acredita-se que este estudo possa motivar o debate e a reflexão sobre o processo de formação do professor de enfermagem para o exercício do

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as Representações Sociais de um grupo de docentes do Ensino Fundamental sobre os temas transversais (ética, saúde, meio ambiente, orientação sexual, pluralidade cultural, trabalho e o consumo), conforme proposto pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN). O estudo fundamentou-se na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici (2012) e também teóricos como Jodelet (2001), Tardif (2002), Gauthier (2006), Imbernón (2011), Gatti (2009). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública situada em um município no interior do Estado de São Paulo, na região do Vale do Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 28 docentes do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, exploratória, descritiva e de estudo de caso. Utilizou-se de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com instrumento de coleta de dados por meio de aplicação de questionário com questões abertas e fechadas e realização de grupo focal. Os dados quantitativos foram organizados e contabilizados manualmente e os dados qualitativos foram submetidos à metodologia de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin (2011). Os resultados revelaram que as Representações Sociais dos docentes estão ancoradas em práticas baseadas nos saberes experienciais, ou seja, eles recriam formas de trabalhar à medida que os problemas sociais são trazidos, de acordo com demanda social e experiencial dos alunos. Os dados também mostraram que o tema mais trabalhado pelos docentes é o meio ambiente, mas não foi possível comprovar a transversalidade no desenvolvimento dos temas descritos por eles. A contribuição dos temas para formação integral do aluno foi um dos aspectos positivos da pesquisa. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para a discussão e reflexão com gestores, professores e alunos e também para o enriquecimento do projeto pedagógico escolar, embasando futuras ações e uma nova visão no que se refere à inserção dos temas transversais nos conteúdos pedagógicos. / This study aims to identify the social representations of a group of teachers of elementary school on cross-cutting issues (ethics, health, environment, sexual orientation, cultural diversity, work and consumption), as proposed by the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN). The study is based on the Theory of Social Representations of Moscovici (2012) as well as theoretical Jodelet (2001), Tardif (2002), Gauthier (2006), Imbernon (2011), Gatti (2009). The research was conducted in a public school located in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, in the Paraíba Valley. The sample consisted of 28 teachers of elementary school. This is a basic, exploratory, descriptive and case study. It is also used quantitative and qualitative approach to data collection instrument by means of a questionnaire with open and closed questions and conducting focus group. Quantitative data were organized and manually counted and qualitative data were subjected to analysis methodology content proposed by Bardin (2011). The results show that the social representations of teachers are anchored in practices based on experiential knowledge, that is, they recreate ways of working to the extent that social problems are brought under social and experiential student demand. The data also show that the issue over worked by teachers is the environment, but it was not possible to prove the mainstreaming in the development of the themes described by them. The contribution of the themes for full student education was one of the positive aspects of the research. It is hoped that the findings will contribute to discussion and reflection with administrators, teachers and students, as well as enrichment for the school pedagogical project, basing future actions and a new vision with regard to the integration of cross-cutting themes in educational content.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSIANI DISSERTACAO_28_02 (2).pdf: 413852 bytes, checksum: fed2e829019858024de3def1217c5dcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-12 / When we study about reading practices its possible to get in the structures of meaning in a culture and society and because of this we face and understand how sociocultural representation guides peoples life. Thus, its possible for us to understand how the construction of meaning can characterize anti-hegemonic and resistant movements. Therefore the present research aims at identifying and verifying how teachers and students representations of reading contribute to build up their praxis in a Pedagogy course from a private college. The study of this theme in a higher education level allows questioning, reflecting on and discussing the reading process at this stage of schooling. Four teachers and ten students from the Pedagogy course, belonging to the first and last semesters (morning and evening groups) were selected. The research is qualitative and audio recorded and interview transcripts were used as research tools. Once the data were obtained, from the subjects responses, they were analyzed according to theoretical remarks previously studied. This provided insights, that based on studies from Reading, Reading History, Education, Sociology areas etc allow us to reflect on the subjects social representations of reading. As a result, it was possible to claim that the constitution of the higher education level, especially Pedagogy course, reflects on teachers and students reading practices and determine the way they treat reading as a superficial and limited view of the reading process and that the reading practice in the Pedagogy course deserves to have the attention of all the involved people as they will spread reading in the kindergarten and elementary school levels. / Quando estudamos sobre práticas leitura nos é possível entrar nas estruturas de sentido de uma cultura e de uma sociedade e, com isso, podemos encarar e compreender como as representações socioculturais formam e conduzem a vida das pessoas. Dessa forma, é possível entender como as construções de sentido podem caracterizar movimentos anti-hegemônicos e de resistência. Com base nessa premissa, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar e verificar como as representações sobre leitura de professores e alunos, de um curso de Pedagogia de uma faculdade particular, contribuem para a constituição da práxis de uma formação em Licenciatura. A pesquisa de tal tema no âmbito do ensino superior justifica-se pelo fato de permitir questionar, refletir e problematizar a leitura neste estágio de escolarização. Para que atingíssemos nosso objetivo, elegemos a pesquisa qualitativa e a entrevista, gravada em áudio e transcrita, nos serviu como instrumento para a obtenção dos dados. Selecionamos quatro professores e dez alunos do curso de Pedagogia, sendo cinco alunos do primeiro e cinco do último semestre do curso nos períodos diurno e noturno. A partir da obtenção das respostas dadas por alunos e professores foram realizadas análises que, apoiando-se no referencial teórico híbrido, pautado por estudos advindos das áreas da Leitura, da História da Leitura, da Educação, da Sociologia entre outros, nos permitiu refletir sobre as representações de leitura dos sujeitos investigados. Como resultado, foi possível perceber que a própria constituição do ensino superior, em especial do curso de Pedagogia, se reflete na prática de leitura de alunos e professores do curso na forma de mediações que acabam por determinar o trato com a leitura de forma muito superficial e limitada e que merece atenção por parte de todos os envolvidos já que tais profissionais serão propagadores da leitura no âmbito da educação infantil e do ensino fundamental.

Orientador: José Luiz Guimarães / Banca: Elizabeth Piemonte Constantino / Banca: Renata Rossi / Resumo: Várias compreensões acerca da deficiência foram formuladas e atitudes sociais foram construídas. A atual proposta da Educação Brasileira em relação ao aluno com deficiência prioriza a inclusão deste aluno em rede regular de ensino. Essa proposta compreende a educação como um recurso que integra o indivíduo ao meio social e também lhe proporciona uma maior capacidade de autonomia, e assim de exercer sua cidadania. No entanto, a composição de uma escola que atenda as necessidades dos alunos com deficiências garantindo um ensino de qualidade e a sua participação neste ambiente, exige transformações no sistema educativo e na instituição escolar, constituindo-se num desafio. Considerando-se que a maior transformação a ser realizada na escola não está nas barreiras físicas e programáticas, mas em toda uma concepção negativa da deficiência que durante seu processo histórico foi sendo construída pelo imaginário social, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar as representações de professores a respeito da inclusão de alunos com deficiência no ensino regular e seus desdobramentos no ambiente escolar. Foram sujeitos 11 professores, sendo 8 professores lotados em salas próprias de 4 escolas municipais e 3 professores itinerantes. O referencial teórico adotado foi o da Teoria das Representações Sociais e o referencial metodológico o da abordagem quali - quantitativa. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas semidirigidas e os dados coletados foram analisados segundo a análise de conteúdo categorial. Os dados sugeriram que, entre os sujeitos desta pesquisa...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Thus, several comprehensions on the disorder were formulated and social acts were built, based on beliefs and myths which face bases in prejudice, stereotypes and on stigmas, headed by a set of representations referral. The current Brazilian Education proposal related to the student with disorder gives emphasis in this student's inclusion in regular. This proposal understands education as a resource that integrates the individual to the social environment and also it provides a higher capacity of autonomy, and exerting its citizenship. However, a school's composition that takes care of the necessities of the students with disorders guaranteeing an education with quality and its participation in this environment, it requires transformations in the educative system and the institution. For considering the bigger transformations is not only in physical and programmatic barriers, but also in a negative conception that was built during its historical process, by the imaginary social one, the current proposal's objective is to identify teachers' representations regarding the inclusion of students with disorders in the regular education and its unfolding to school environment. Eleven teachers were subjected to this research, eight from four local schools with their own classrooms and three routine teachers. The theory reference which was adopted was "Teoria das Representações Sociais" and he method reference was the quality and quantity approach. The data collect was taken through directed interviews and the collected data were analyzed according to the category files. The information suggests that, among all the teachers which belong to this research... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

[pt] O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as representações sociais das mulheres denominadas periguetes. Articulando o debate sobre gênero, mídia e sujeitos desviantes, pretende-se refletir sobre o papel das periguetes na cultura contemporânea. Além disso, discutem-se questões relacionadas aos estudos sobre o corpo, aqui tomado como capital social. As mulheres periguetes são analisadas por suas características e representações, o que nos leva à reflexão sobre um possível modelo típico ideal de beleza feminino. Seja por suas atitudes, postura, gestual ou vestimenta, tais mulheres são ao mesmo tempo reconhecidas, mas também discriminadas. A metodologia adotada consistiu em revisão bibliográfica, contando com o aporte teórico de autores das Ciências Sociais, como Erving Goffman, Howard Becker, Mary Douglas, Mirian Goldenberg e Simone de Beauvoir, entre outros. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise das representações sociais das periguetes presentes na mídia, através de duas personagens de telenovelas, e também na dinâmica das interações sociais presentes no discurso do senso comum, através de Entrevistas em Profundidade. Para tanto, foram ouvidos 24 jovens, homens e mulheres, de 20 a 29 anos, moradores da Baixada Fluminense e Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The present work aims at understanding the social representations of women so-called periguetes. Managing debates on gender, media and deviant individuals, this study seeks to reflect about the role of periguetes within contemporary culture. Furthermore, questions related to body studies, herein taken as social capital, are also discussed. The periguete women are analysed based on their features and representations, which leads us to reflect over an ideal typical model of feminine beauty. Be it based on attitudes, behaviour, gestures or clothing, such women are at once recognised, but also discriminated against. The methodology chosen consisted of literature review in light of theoretical studies from Social Science authors as Erving Goffman, Howard Becker, Mary Douglas, Mirian Goldenberg and Simone Beauvoir, among others. Besides, it was conducted an analysis of periguetes social representations pictured in the media through soap operas characters, and also an analysis on the dynamic of social interactions within common sense speech, through Depth Interviews . To do so, it was heard 24 young adults, male and female, aged 20-29 years-old, residents of Baixada Fluminense and Rio de Janeiro s South Zone.

This study draws attention to how teachers view and reason about ethics education in social studies. Based on the Social representation theory, the study aim to answer questions about the content and themes which are expressed in the teachers' conversations about ethics education. The study also wants to emphasize the communicative resources used by participants when they create a common understanding of ethics education. The study's empirical data consists of six focus groups interviews with teachers working with student in school year 4-6. Teachers in three teams (a total of 13 teachers) met at two occasions to talk about ethics education in social studies. The result from the analysis is presented in three parts. The first part draws attention to teachers' social representations of ethics education in social studies. Four social representations were found and they consist of teachers' ideas about content, methods and strategies, and the purpose and goals and difficulties in ethics education. The second part shows that the teachers express three social representations of how ethics education is related to, religious education, social studies and the school's overall mission. The analysis shows that ethics education is an important part of the religious education but also other subjects in social studies and the school's overall mission. The third part draws attention to the communicative resources that teachers use to create a common understanding of ethics education. Examples of communicative resources used in the conversations is teaching materials, national tests, the curriculum and their own teacher education. / Lärare i den svenska grundskolan har i uppdrag att utveckla elevers kunskaper om och i etik. Studien syftar därför till att undersöka hur lärare, som undervisar i skolåren 4–6, samtalar om etikundervisning i de samhällsorienterande ämnena med särskilt fokus på religionskunskap. Teorin om sociala representationer har utgjort både teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyg i studien. Empirin består av fokusgruppsintervjuer med tre arbetslag med lärare som samtliga undervisar i de samhällsorienterande ämnena. Analysen visar att det i lärarnas samtal framträder fyra sociala representationer av etikundervisning; etikundervisning som fostran i socialt samspel, etikundervisning som demokratifostran, etikundervisning som värde- och dygdetisk fostran och etikundervisning som utveckling av etiskt tänkande. Dessa sociala representationer består av lärares didaktiska idéer om undervisningens syfte, metoder och strategier, innehåll samt svårigheter. Analysen visar vidare att det i lärarnas samtal framträder tre sociala representationer av hur etikundervisning relaterar till de samhällsorienterande ämnena och skolans övergripande uppdrag. Dessa är; etikundervisning har en naturlig plats i religionskunskap, etikundervisning är en viktig del i alla samhällsorienterande ämnen och etikundervisning pågår dagligen i den praktiska verksamheten. Det tycks som om etik är ständigt aktuellt men sällan är det primära undervisningsinnehållet. I samtalen framträder också de kommunikativa resurser som lärarna använder för att skapa en gemensam förståelse av etikundervisning. Exempel på kommunikativa resurser som används i samtalen är; läroplan, nationella prov, läromedel, forskning och kunskap från utbildning. / Helena Anderström har sedan 2002 arbetat inom grundskolan med undervisning i de samhällsorienterande ämnena. Hon är nu verksam vid lärarutbildningen i Jönköping. Lärares samtal om etik - Sociala representationer av etikundervisning på mellanstadiet inom ramen för samhällsorienterande ämnen är hennes licentiatuppsats. Lärares samtal om etik – Sociala representationer av etikundervisning på mellanstadiet inom ramen för samhällsorienterande ämnen Lärare i den svenska grundskolan har i uppdrag att utveckla elevers kunskaper om, av och i etik. Studien syftar därför till att undersöka hur lärare, som undervisar i skolåren 4–6, samtalar om etikundervisning i de samhällsorienterande ämnena med särskilt fokus på religionskunskap. Teorin om sociala representationer har utgjort både teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyg i studien. Empirin består av fokusgruppsintervjuer med tre arbetslag med lärare som samtliga undervisar i de samhällsorienterande ämnena. Analysen visar att det i lärarnas samtal framträder fyra sociala representationer av etikundervisning; etikundervisning som fostran i socialt samspel, etikundervisning som demokratifostran, etikundervisning som värde- och dygdetisk fostran och etikundervisning som utveckling av etiskt tänkande. Dessa sociala representationer består av lärares didaktiska idéer om undervisningens syfte, metoder och strategier, innehåll samt svårigheter. Analysen visar vidare att det i lärarnas samtal framträder tre sociala representationer av hur etikundervisning relaterar till de samhällsorienterande ämnena och skolans övergripande uppdrag. Dessa är; etikundervisning har en naturlig plats i religionskunskap, etikundervisning är en viktig del i alla de samhällsorienterande ämnena och etikundervisning pågår dagligen i den praktiska verksamheten. Det tycks som om etik är ständigt aktuellt men sällan är det primära undervisningsinnehållet. I samtalen framträder också de kommunikativa resurser som lärarna använder för att skapa en gemensam förståelse av etikundervisning. Exempel på kommunikativa resurser som används i samtalen är; läroplan, nationella prov, läromedel, forskning och kunskap från utbildning.

Dans les régions rurales, la gestion de l'eau induit des changements techniques et des transformations des pratiques agricoles auxquels font face les agriculteurs. Leurs comportements mitigés comprennent à la fois un désir d'innovation et un attachement au terroir à travers des usages, des pratiques et des représentations. Cet attachement identitaire a été souvent considéré comme obstacle à l'introduction de nouvelles techniques et non comme opportunité à saisir. Le présent travail, fondé sur le cas de Diar Hojjej (zone côtière du Cap Bon, Tunisie), se propose, en tenant compte de l'identité du territoire, de comprendre dans quelle mesure l’entrepreneuriat rural peut constituer un moteur pour porter une zone à contrainte environnementale forte – l’eau d’irrigation- vers un développement agricole durable. L'identité du territoire serait-elle uniquement un frein à l'entreprenariat rural? Et quel serait le modèle d'entreprenariat le plus pertinent? [etc.] / In rural areas, water management induces changes in technologies and in agricultural practices that face farmers. Farmers’ behaviors include both a desire for innovation and a land attachment through local customs, practices and representations. This identity attachment has often been regarded as an obstacle to the introduction of new techniques rather than an opportunity to be seized. This work, based on the case of Diar Hojjej (a coastal area of Cap Bon, Tunisia) aims to understand how rural entrepreneurship can be an engine to convey a strong environmental constraint area (water irrigation) to sustainable agricultural development, while taking into account the territory’s identity. The territory’s identity would it only be an obstacle to rural entrepreneurship? And what would be the most relevant model of entrepreneurship? [etc.]

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux fondements épistémologiques et à la vision que des enseignants d’histoire au secondaire entretiennent à l’égard de l’enseignement de l’histoire et de la formation citoyenne. La réflexion s’inscrit dans le contexte de la refonte des programmes d’enseignement de l’histoire qui engage dorénavant les maîtres d’histoire à éduquer à la citoyenneté démocratique. Ce projet éducationnel repose sur le postulat suivant : l’apprentissage de l’histoire, de sa pensée et de sa méthode permet de former des individus capables de réflexion critique autonome et informée. Cette vision de l’enseignement de l’histoire implique que les élèves s’exercent à la pensée historienne, à l’analyse des sources et à la construction d’interprétations historiques. Ce faisant, ils développeraient une compréhension du monde fondée sur la maîtrise de concepts et une pensée complexe, ce qui servirait de ce fait la citoyenneté. La recherche a par ailleurs démontré que les maîtres avaient recours à des méthodes pédagogiques plus traditionnelles (Charland, 2003; Martineau, 1997). C’est donc à des changements de pratiques qu’appelle le ministère de l’Éducation. Or un tel changement ne se déclare pas « d’en haut ». Les convictions des maîtres sont lentes à se transformer et ce sont elles qui déterminent la formation historienne et citoyenne que recevront les élèves. Nous en avons fait notre objet d’étude pour cette recherche en recourant à la théorie des représentations sociales. Nous avons adopté le modèle du noyau central (Abric, 1994) et celui des principes organisateurs qui permet d’identifier les relations existantes entre plusieurs représentations. Nous avons effectué une recherche exploratoire de type qualitative. Des entretiens individuels semi-dirigés d’une durée moyenne de 120 minutes ont été réalisés avec un échantillon comptant 18 enseignants d’histoire au secondaire de Montréal, de Québec et de communautés amérindiennes du Québec. L’outil de cueillette et d’analyse des données s’inspire grandement des développements méthodologiques réalisés par la recherche sur les représentations sociales (évocation hiérarchisée continuée ou limitée, schémas conceptuels) (Abric, 1994; 1997). Les résultats permettent d’identifier les fondements épistémologiques et didactiques, le contenu et la structure, de même que les relations existant entre les représentations de l’enseignement de l’histoire et de la formation à la citoyenneté. Ils ont également mis en lumière les convictions idéologiques et pédagogiques des maîtres d’histoire. / This dissertation focuses on the epistemological foundations and the vision of high school history teachers regarding history teaching and citizenship education. The work has to be considered within the context of history curriculum reform that now engages teachers in an education for democratic citizenship. This educational project is based on the premise that learning history, its specific manner of thinking and method, allows the formation of individuals capable of critical thinking and self-awareness. This vision of history teaching implies that students practice historical thinking, analyze different sources and construct historical interpretations. In so doing, it is believed that they will develop an understanding of the world based on the use of concepts and complex thinking, which would also contribute to the objective of citizenship education. However, research shows that teachers use more traditional teaching methods than those mentioned above (Charland, 2003; Martineau, 1997). Consequently, the new programs expect that teachers will change their practices. But such a change can’t be declared "from above". Teachers’ beliefs are slow to change and they greatly determine the historical formation and citizenship education that students receive. These beliefs are the object of this dissertation’s study. I observed these beliefs through the angle of the theory of social representations and the models of “central core” (noyau central) (Abric, 1994) and organizing principles (Moliner, 1996) that allow the identification of existing relationships between different representations. I conducted an exploratory qualitative type research. My research consist of semi-structured interviews, lasting an average of 120 minutes, conducted on a sample of eighteen high school history teachers from Montreal, Quebec City and Natives communities of Quebec. The tool for gathering and analyzing data draws from the methodological developments made in research on social representations (hierarchical evocation continued or limited, conceptual designs) (Abric, 1994, 1997). The results identify the epistemological and didactic foundations, the content and the structure, as well as the relationship between the representations of history and citizenship education. They also highlight teachers’ ideological and pedagogical beliefs.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

La Lettonie, jeune Etat-nation, est actuellement tiraillée entre influences dusoviétisme passé, évolution démocratique et valeurs ethno-centrées, en résonance parfoisdiscordante avec les orientations institutionnelles européennes. Dans ce contexte, la rechercheprésentée dans cette thèse se focalise plus particulièrement sur l’autonomisation desapprenants de FLE au niveau supérieur.Cette recherche suit une démarche d’ordre compréhensif et qualitatif à partir d’analyses dediscours. Elle se concentre sur un corpus composé de huit entretiens d’enseignants de FLE duniveau universitaire letton portant sur leurs expériences formatives et professionnelles passéeset actuelles, sur leurs conditions de vie et de travail et sur leur vision de l’avenir du métierd’enseignant de FLE. D’abord sont analysées les représentations que ces enseignants ontd’eux-mêmes dans leur environnement socioprofessionnel pour, finalement, en comprendreles significations et développer des conjectures sur l’émergence de l’autonomisation desenseignants et, au-delà, des étudiants.Ainsi se révèlent des représentations construites sur des dimensions pratiques etexpérientielles plutôt qu’idéologiques, en rapport avec la citoyenneté et le rôle social del’enseignant, ou théoriques, sur le didactique et le linguistique. On conclut quel’autonomisation des apprenants de FLE à l’université n’est pas possible actuellement / Latvia, a young nation-state, is currently torn between the influences of the Sovietpast, democratic development and ethno-centric values, entering sometimes in discordantresonance with European institutional guidelines. In this context, the research presented inthis thesis focuses specifically on FFL learners’ empowerment in the higher education.This research follows a comprehensive and qualitative approach based on discourses’analysis. It focuses on a corpus of eight interviews with FFL teachers at Latvian universitylevel on their past and actual formative and professional experiences, on their living andworking conditions, on their vision for the future of the profession of FFL teacher. First, theseteachers’ representations about themselves in their socio-professional environment areanalyzed . This leads eventually to understand these representations' meanings and to developconjectures about the emergence of teachers’ empowerment and, beyond it, the students’ one.Thus, representations are proved that are based on experiential and practical dimensions ratherthan ideological ones, related to citizenship and the social role of the teacher, or theoreticalones, on the teaching and linguistics. One concludes that the empowerment of FFL learners atthe University is not currently possible