The aim of this bachelor study is to examine and analyze how climate change was reported in Finnish and Swedish press in 2019. Framing theory was used to categorize different frames when reporting on climate change, in total 214 articles were analyzed, of which 127 were from Svenska Dagbladet and 87 from Hufvudstadsbladet.   The research questions were: which news frames can be distinguished in Svenska Dagbladet and Hufvudstadsbladet in 2019? Which news frames dominate in articles about climate change in Svenska Dagbladet and Hufvudstadsbladet in 2019? Based on earlier studies and framing theory, what might any eventual differences be due to?   A quantitative content analysis was conducted based on Dirikx and Gelders (2009) framing study in Dutch and French newspapers. The coding-manual answered which frames that were used and the alternatives were, the conflict frame, the economic consequences frame, the responsibility frame and the human interest frame. Out of these four frames the conflict frame and the responsibility frame were the most occurring. The largest difference between Svenska Dagbladet and Hufvudstadsbladet that were found was that Svenska Dagbladet uses the human interest frame more than Hufvudstadsbladet and that Hufvudstadsbladet had more articles with the conflict frame and the economic consequences frame.

This study examines the difference in Expressen’s portrayal of two similar murder cases in Sweden with the key difference being the ethnicity of the perpetrators. The main purpose is to determine if the media is using a discriminatory rhetoric in their covering of crime and if they are upholding a “we and them” view of the world. Former research shows signs of othering in the media around discourse of crime and immigrants and discusses medias’ cementing of a post-colonial worldview. This study uses framing theory and othering theory as a theoretical framework and is conducted through a quantitative content analysis of the written articles, about the murder cases of Wilma Andersson and Tova Moberg, across the time period of them going missing, to the point where the murderer is sentenced. The results show no signs of othering or discrimination in the Expressen articles and both the perpetrators and victims are framed equally in almost every aspect. Furthermore there is no significant connection between the sources cited and the framing in those articles, which could indicate an awareness in Expressens news process and how they influence the public.

This paper concerns a local political debate about the financing of culture in the mid-sized city Norrköping in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to find what type of content the local newspaper and a Facebook group produce, how the debate is portrayed and how the different media types can contribute to democracy. The material contains 15 articles from the newspaper and 25 posts from the Facebook group. A qualitative content analysis has been applied as the method. Furthermore a framing analysis has been used to find answers about how the debate is portrayed in the media. Results show, among other things, that the newspaper first and foremost portrays the debate as a conflict and that the Facebook group is much more focused on human interest. Furthermore the study shows that both mediatypes should be able to generate democratic functions for the local population. The newspaper more so for its correct informational content and Facebook for its ability to bring people together and create civil political engagement.

Sveriges specialförband introducerades för allmänheten 1997 och har sedan dess varit delaktigt i internationella insatser som i Afghanistan, Kongo och Mali. Denna studie syftar till att analysera den svenska dagspressens intresse och gestaltning av specialförbanden under en 25-årsperiod. För att ta reda på dagspressens intresse användes en kvantitativ metod för att samla in data från de fyra största tidningarna i Sverige. Efter detta användes kvalitativ textanalys, stödd av gestaltningsteorin, för att undersöka dagspressens gestaltning av specialförbanden. Medieporträttet av de svenska specialförbanden har genomgått betydande förändringar under de senaste 25 åren, ofta i olika faser. I början jämfördes specialförbanden ofta med fiktiva figurer så som Carl Hamilton. Viktiga händelser, bland annat som dödsfallen 2005 och skandalerna 2008, ledde till en förändring i medierapporteringen och resulterade i en mer humaniserad bild av specialförbanden. Trots att de fortfarande betraktas som gåtfulla, framställs de nu som en viktig del av Sveriges försvar och intressen. Medieintresset intensifierades under kritiska perioder och genererade en mer nyanserad bild av specialförbanden. Tidigare fokus på deras hemlighetsfulla verksamhet och kopplingar till fiktivafigurer ändrades mot en mer mänsklig bild. Denna utveckling av dagspressensgestaltning belyser förändringar i synen på specialförbanden och deras roll i Sveriges insatser. Studien strävar efter att fördjupa förståelsen för dessa skiftande faser avgestaltningar och deras påverkan på allmänhetens uppfattning av de svenska specialförbanden / Sweden's special forces were introduced to the public in 1997 and have since been involved in international operations such as those in Afghanistan, Congo, and Mali. This study aims to analyze the Swedish newspaper’s interest in and portrayal of Swedish special forces over a 25-year period. A quantitative method was used to gather data from the four largest newspapers in Sweden to find out the newspaper's interests. Subsequently, qualitative text analysis, supported by the framing theory, examined how the newspapers portrayed the special forces. The newspaper’s portrayal of Sweden's special forces has undergone significant changes over the past 25 years, often in distinct phases. Initially, the special forces were frequently likened to fictional characters such as Carl Hamilton. Key events, including fatalities in 2005 and scandals in 2008, prompted a shift in newspaper coverage, resulting in a more humanized depiction of the special forces. While they are still perceived as enigmatic, they are now portrayed as essential to Sweden's defense and interests. Newspaper’s interest intensified during critical periods, presenting a more nuanced view of the special forces. The prior emphasis on their secretive operations and associations with fictional figures shifted towards a more human representation. This evolution in the newspaper’s portrayal highlights changes in perceptions of the special forces and their role in Sweden's operations. The study aims to deepen understanding of these shifting representations and their impact on the public perception of Sweden's special forces.

The aim of this study has been to, through a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative text analysis, determine which meaning nationality is given in news reports in Swedish daily press, and how it creates the event as a scandal. Focusing on two major scandals in cross country skiing, articles from the Finnish scandal in Lahtis 2001 and the revealing of doped Russian skiers in 2016 has been analysed. The theoretical framework for the study has been Stuart Halls representation theory, the framing theory, and theories regarding media scandals and nationality. The results from the quantitative and qualitative analyses has been divided into four themes: Imagined communities, Us and them, Individual and corporate and Fallen star. The results show that nationality is given meaning through the creation of imagined communities. It creates a gap between us and them, a sense of the nations parting from each other in form of cultural and moral aspects. There is also a difference between the representation of the countries. In the Russian doping scandal, Russia is considered as a doped nation, with a systematic doping where little guilt is to be put on the skiers themselves. In Finland, the nation stands for the people and is not in any ways to be associated with the doping scandal. Instead, the skiers get all the blame and little notion is made about the doping as being organised. This has also made the scandals to be divided into individual or corporate doping. As for the framing of the event as a scandal, attributes as “cheating” and a portrayal of the skiers as fallen stars is represented. By revealing the names of the suspected dopers it increases the news worth. An unexpected outcome was that the Russian dopers was not mentioned by name as often as the Finnish, which could enhance the event as a scandal even more. Furthermore, doping scandals could be studied in many different ways and is an interesting subject to immerse oneself in.

Nyhetsmedia har en stor påverkan på samhället, det är till dem vi med största sannolikhet vänder oss till när en stor händelse drabbar oss. Under de senaste åren har nyhetsmedia fått motstå kritik för hur de särbehandlar olika fall och händelser beroende på vem gärningsmannen är. Vi ville utforska om det faktiskt stämde att vita gärningsmän blir klassificerade som psykisk sjuka, när icke-vita gärningsmän blir beskrivna som terrorister. Genom att fokusera på representation, gestaltningsteorin och attributdagordningen utfördes en multimodal analys på Aftonbladets och Dagens Nyheters rapportering kring händelsen i Trollhättan respektive Drottninggatan. Målet var att se om det fanns några tendenser för särbehandling vid rapporteringen och porträtteringen av gärningsmän och deras dåd. Studien gav inte några definitiva resultat, däremot lade vi bland annat märke till att det fanns nyanser i artiklarna som kunde peka på särbehandling. Vi märkte bland annat att porträtteringen av gärningsmännen skilde sig drastiskt, när Rakhmat Akilov beskrivs som den invandrade brutala gärningsmannen med IS-sympatier, gestaltas Anton Lundin Pettersson som den tillbakadragne, svenska killen som tyckte om hårdrock OCH Nazityskland. / The influence news media has on society is huge, we most certainly turn to the news media whenever a big event affects us. For the last couple of years critique has been directed towards the news media concerning the coverage of crime and how some cases get special treatment depending on who the perpetrator is. We wanted to investigate if it actually is true that white criminals get described as ‘mentally ill’, while non white criminals are categorized as ‘terrorists’. By focusing on representation, the Attribute framing theory and the Framing theory, we did a multimodal analysis on the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet's and Dagens Nyheter’s coverage of the events in Trollhättan and at Drottninggatan. Our goal was to distinguish if there actually are any tendencies for special treatment while covering a case and portraying a perpetrator within the news media. With this study, we weren’t able to come to any conclusions, but the study did show that there were some nuances which pointed towards special treatment in the news articles. For instance we discovered that there were some differences in the portraying of the perpetrators; while Rakhmat Akilov was described as the immigrating veil criminal who shared sympathies with ISIS, Anton Lundin Pettersson was portrayed as the shy guy from Sweden who was passionate about metal AND Nazi Germany.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in how Swedish newspaper have written about school segregation in Sweden.  The newspapers that have been studied in the study are Aftonbladet (social democratic), Dagens Nyheter (liberal) and Svenska Dagbladet (conservative). The differences between the newspapers were examined based in the framing theory and  dimension individualism and collectivism.   The result showed that Aftonbladet framed school segregation as a social problem when it was thought to be caused by the private schools, the free school choice and Fredrik Reinfeldts government (2006-2014). Dagens Nyheter framed school segregation mostly as a social problem but initially defended the free school choice becuase they considered housing segregation as the main cause of the problem. Svenska Dagbladet framed school segregation as both a social problem and an individual problem. They highlighted that society must support the resource-poor pupils who do not use the free school choice. But they also wrote that school segregation was an excessive problem.

En ambient display är menad att fungera för användaren enbart genom att hen snabbt överblickar produkten. Denna form av display är perfekt att nyttja i dagligvaruhandeln där utbuden ständigt växer samtidigt som konsumenten snabbt vill hitta det den söker. I denna studie utforskas fördelarna med att använda färg och symbolkombinationer, som skapar en ambient display, istället för text när det kommer till att kategorisera i tidningssektionen. Feature- integrationsteorin beskriver hur den ambienta displayen ger stöd för användarens kognitiva processer, den är mer effektiv genom att den låter konsumenten använda det perifera seendet i sitt sökande. Tidningssektionen är en produkt användaren inte nyttjar frekvent och denna design fungerar genom att kunden redan ska veta hur den önskade kategorin är representerad, det är därför väldigt viktigt att inlärningen sker snabbt. I studien framkommer vikten av att skapa bra associationer mellan färg och kategori, vilket har en extremt signifikant påverkan på inlärningsförmågan hos användaren. Studien utvärderar även vilka färg- och kategorikombinationer som är lämpliga för Tidsam, distributör av tidningar. 17 kategorier associeras med 17 olika färger där multipla källor används för att styrka resultatet. Resultatet presenteras i form av virtuella prototyper av kategoriskyltar för samtliga 17 kategorier.

I denna studie undersöks hur tre rikstäckande svenska dagstidningar med varierande ideologisk grund gestaltat ett urval av politiska händelser på Kuba under Fidel Castros kommunistiska styre 1962–1994. De politiska händelserna på Kuba som granskats är Kubakrisen 1962, Olof Palmes Statsbesök 1975 samt Specialperioden 1990–1994. Frågeställningarnas fokus har dels legat på hur gestaltningarna av Kubas politik bibehållits eller förändrats under den undersökta perioden, och dels hur tidningarna förhållit sig till sin politiska grundideologi över tid. Avslut- ningsvis har detta resultat ställts mot Francis Fukuyamas tes om ”Historiens slut”. Gransk- ningen av materialet har skett med ett gestaltningsteoretiskt ramverk där en kvalitativ aspekt granskat gestaltningens perspektiv och urval, samt en kvantitativ aspekt som fokuserat på jour- nalistikens värdeomdömen mot Kubas politik. Resultat visar att det fanns betydande skillnader mellan tidningarnas gestaltningar och värdeomdömen under 1960- och 1970-talet. Under Spe- cialperioden på 1990-talet förenades dock samtliga tidningar i en samstämmig kritik mot Fidel Castros kommunistiska styre på Kuba. Detta tycks dels vara ett resultat av tidningarna i allt högre grad blivit nyhetsstyrda snarare än idéstyrda. Ideologiska nyanser skiljer tidningarnas gestaltningar åt, dessa perspektiv överskuggas dock på 1990-talet av att tidningarna samlas i en typ av liberaldemokratisk mittfåra som enhälligt fördömer kommunismen på Kuba. / This study examines how three nationwide newspapers in Sweden framed a sample of political events on Cuba during Fidel Castro's communist rule during the period 1962–1994. The news- papers are all linked to different political ideologies. The political events examined were the Cuban missile crisis 1962, Olof Palme's state visit 1975 and the Special Period 1990–1994. The purpose of the study was on one hand to examine if the framing of Cuba’s politics was main- tained or changed during this period, and on the other hand how the newspapers adhered to their political ideology over time. In conclusion these results are discussed in relation to Francis Fukuyamas thesis “The End of History?”. The study uses a frame analysis as a theoretical framework which has a qualitative aspect that examines the salient perspectives and selections, and a quantitative aspect which focus on value judgments towards Cuba's political leadership. The study shows that there were significant differences between the newspaper framing and value judgements during the 1960s and 1970s. During the 1990s there were a substantial shift, as the newspapers now united in a unanimous condemnation of the communist rule on Cuba. This seems to be a result of the newspapers becoming more news-driven rather than idea-driven. Although some ideological nuances persisted during the 1990s, overall the ideologies expressed by the newspapers seem to converge in the support of political and economic liberalism. Based on the results of this study, the major ideological battle of the 20th century was replaced by minor ideological disputes in the 1990s.

Hållbarhetsfrågor är en ständig diskussion som på senare år har intensifierats. I och med detta kräver både lagstiftningen och samhället idag att företagen ska arbeta och redovisa sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Med en ökad konsumtion som även bidragit till massproduktion har klädindustrin väckt extra mycket uppmärksamhet på lokal och global nivå. Detta gör att det nu ställs hårdare krav på företagen. Tidigare forskning tyder på att det inte alltid är lätt att kommunicera sitt hållbarhetsarbete då företag måste ta hänsyn till flera CSR-aspekter. Vidare har även den tidigare kommunikationen avgränsat sig till fast-fashion för vuxenkläder. I kontrast till vuxenkläder finns barnkläder där fast-fashion sker som en naturlig del av tillväxtprocessen. Hos en människa sker den snabbaste tillväxten de första åren av ens liv som då ständigt är i behov av nya kläder. Detta leder till hög konsumtion samt en enorm påverkan på miljön. Problemområdet för denna studie är att den omfattande tidigare forskningen främst har fokuserat på hållbarhetsarbete hos vuxenkläder. Till vår studie, där vi har valt att fokusera på barnklädesföretag för att studera företagens kommunikation gällande deras hållbarhetsarbete då även de är med och bidrar till en ökad konsumtion och befinner sig i samma industri. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till en djupare förståelse för hur svenska barnklädesföretag kommunicerar ut sitt hållbarhetsarbete i relation till CSR samt diskutera vilka implikationer det kan ha för företagens legitimitet genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Avsikten med denna studie är att få en ökad förståelse för företagens kommunikation inom en marknad som ännu är relativt outforskat och bidra till en ökad uppmärksamhet inom barnklädesbranschen. Denna studie undersöker hållbarhetsrapporter publicerade av Mini Rodini och Polarn O. Pyret. Utifrån det teoretiska ramverket bestående av bland annat CSR, strategisk kommunikation och gestaltningsteorin genomförs denna studie utifrån följande frågeställningar: 1. Vilka sociala och miljömässiga aspekter framhåller barnklädesföretagen i sin hållbarhetsrapport och hur framhålls dessa? 2. På vilket/vilka vis framhävs eventuella olikheter och likheter i hållbarhetsrapporterna? Resultatet visar att de båda företagen redovisar sitt hållbarhetsarbete på olika sätt och omfattning men med liknande innehåll. Skillnaderna som lyfts uppstår i form av tonalitet eller på vilket sätt företaget väljer att lyfta fram informationen. Vidare indikerar resultatet att kommunikationen från företagen används som en marknadsföringsstrategi för att skapa bilden av sig själva som ansvarstagande företag. Slutligen uppvisar resultatet att det finns delar av respektive rapport där kommunikationen blir missvisande eller vagt. Vår studie bidrar därmed till en ökad förståelse för hur svenska barnklädesföretag kommunicerar ut sitt hållbarhetsarbete. / Sustainability issues have been an ongoing discussion that has intensified in recent years. As a result, both legislation and society today require companies to work and report their sustainability work. The increased consumption that has also contributed to mass production and the clothing industry has attracted special attention at a local and global level. This means that stricter requirements are now placed on companies. Previous research shows that it is not always easy to communicate their sustainability work as companies must take several CSR aspects into account. Furthermore, the previous communication interest has also been limited to fast-fashion for adult clothing. At the same time, the fastest growth of a human being occurs in a child in the first years, who then constantly is in need of new clothes where fast fashion takes place as part of the natural process. This leads to high consumption and a huge impact on the environment. The problem area for this study is that the extensive previous research has mainly focused on sustainability work in adult clothing. For our study, where we have chosen to also focus on children's clothing companies to study the companies' communication regarding their sustainability work as they are involved and contribute to increased consumption and are in the same industry. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Swedish children's clothing companies communicate their sustainability work in relation to CSR and to discuss what implications this may have for companies' legitimacy through the use of a qualitative content analysis. The purpose of this study is to gain an increased understanding of companies' communication in a market that is still relatively unexplored and to contribute to increased attention in the children's clothing industry. This study examines sustainability reports published by Mini Rodini and Polarn O. Pyret. Based on the theoretical framework consisting of, among other things, CSR, strategic communication and design theory, the study is carried out based on the following questions: 1. What social and environmental aspects do children's clothing companies emphasize in their sustainability report and how are these emphasized? 2. In which way (s) are differences and similarities highlighted in the sustainability reports? The result of the study indicates that the two companies report their sustainability work in different ways and scope, but with similar content. The differences that are highlighted arise in the form of tonality or in which way the company chooses to present the information. Furthermore, the result shows that the communication from the companies is used as a marketing strategy to create the image of themselves as a responsible company. Finally, the results show that there are parts of each report where the communication becomes misleading or vague. Our study thus contributes to an increased understanding of how Swedish children's clothing companies communicate their sustainability work.