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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

電子布告欄中的政治意見呈現——以台大批踢踢實業坊政治類看板為例

黃楷元 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以台大批踢踢實業坊(PTT)政治類看板為例,企圖評估電子布告欄(BBS)系統是否為承載政治意見的理想論域。 在文獻探討的過程中可知,「政治參與」對於民主發展至為重要,而其中透過網際網路進行的政治意見表達,在數位時代來臨後的重要性與日俱增。因此本研究以哈伯瑪斯的公共領域與溝通行動理論為核心,建立「理想意見論域」的三項標準:開放性、公共性、理性。並據此三項標準,對研究場域PTT政治類看板進行評估。 本研究以量化的內容分析法為主,輔以直接觀察,對研究場域及其中政治意見的性質,進行客觀的描述與分析。研究結果發現,PTT政治類看板進入和參與的門檻低、互動熱絡頻繁、討論規範也並未限制理性發言空間,在「開放性」上表現佳;至於「公共性」的部分,在討論規範與看板管理者的約束下,討論的議題多能與公共事務相關;然而在「理性」面向上,論證嚴謹程度普遍不足,亦僅有半數的發言能完全保持冷靜平和。 另外,在把政治意見的各項性質進行交叉分析後,可歸納出「理想網路論域」中的「理想政治意見」,應該具有的條件包括:沒有明顯的政黨傾向、篇幅充實、切合討論主題、以事實陳述輔助個人意見、不純粹批評而是褒貶參半或持平而論、情緒冷靜平和、論證深入而嚴謹等。
12

網路群眾文化及其民主意涵-以PTT Gossiping看板為例 / The culture of internet crowds and its democratic implications: The case of PTT gossiping

林意仁, LIN, Yi Ren Unknown Date (has links)
本文將以目前台灣最大的網路新聞時事討論區──PTT Gossiping看板(以下簡稱「八卦板」)為研究對象,分析透過BBS媒介所形成的網路群眾文化,並探究其民主意涵。有別於一般網路公共領域的研究,本文將由「對抗性公共」與「狂歡節」這兩個概念切入,並借鏡俄國文學批評家Bakhtin所提出的「眾聲喧嘩」與「公共廣場」等說法,嘗試論證透過網路媒介所形成、並帶有集體性狂歡節色彩的社會互動空間,如何落實異於Habermas菁英式公共領域的公共生活想像。 就內容而言,本文可粗略區分為兩部分:首先我們將以Gossiping看板為例,從集體性的角度描繪網路群眾文化的樣貌(第二、三章),接著再進一步說明其民主意涵(第四章)。在第二章當中,我們將藉由回顧八卦板的看板歷程,說明本文所討論的八卦板「網路公眾」,在評論新聞、針砭時事的表面下,其實潛藏著某種不同於理性個人交往的社會關係形態;對於這樣的現象,我們可以暫且稱之為「網路起鬨」。在第三章,我們將透過集體亢奮與狂歡節的概念,進一步擴充網路起鬨現象的抽象意義,並嘗試說明:即便到了今天,人們透過網路媒介進行的互動,仍然表現出「非凡、例外」的強烈集體情緒;這樣的集體性,既不同於公共領域理性論辯的互動方式,亦無法簡單斥之為「非理性」的劣質文化。以此種互動關係樣態為背景,在第四章我們將著重討論帶有狂歡節特質的網路群眾文化,如何透過語言的運用,體現Bakhtin強調多元觀點的「眾聲喧嘩」概念;此種狂歡節語言,能夠跳脫代表語言中心化力量的Habermas公共領域設想,從而落實「公共廣場」概念所描繪的、強調對話而不強加共識的公共生活。最後在第五章結論當中,本文除了對全文進行簡要總結之外,並討論了「社會關係/mob-ility」、「遊戲」以及「日常生活」等等概念,嘗試為網路文化的進一步研究,提供可能的參考方向。 / Taking Taiwan’s largest internet news forum “PTT Gossiping” as research object, this thesis analyses the culture of internet crowds formed through the medium of BBS (Bulletin Board System), and explores its democratic implications. Different from existing researches of “internet public sphere”, this thesis set out its arguments by resorting to concepts of “counterpublics” and “carnival”, and concludes with the notions of “heteroglossia” and “public square”, both proposed by Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin, to demonstrate how a collectively carnivalistic social space of interaction, formed by internet, can provide us with an alternative imagination of public life that is different from Habermasian (elite) public sphere. This thesis consists of two parts: firstly, it analyses the culture of internet crowds from the sociological perspective of collectivity, taking PTT Gossiping as example (Ch. 2 & Ch. 3); secondly, it elaborates the democratic implications of this culture (Ch. 4). In Ch. 2, we review the historical development of PTT Gossiping, in order to demonstrate that the “internet public” constituting this news forum shows a non-personal as well as non-rational mode of social interaction, which we can provisionally describe as “internet mobbing”. In Ch. 3, we elaborate the sociological meaning of internet mobbing, by resorting to concepts such as “collective effervescence” and “carnival”, arguing that the “extraordinary, exceptional” feature of strong collective emotions can still be observed nowadays in internet interactions. This collectivity is neither similar to rational, reasoning mode of interaction proposed by the idea of “public sphere”, nor can it be denounced simply as “irrational” or bad culture. Based on this kind of social interaction, in Ch. 4 we explore how the using of carnivalistic language by internet crowds can embody Bakhtinian heteroglossia. By emphasizing the value of multiple perspectives, the carnivalistic language use of internet crowds breaks away from Habermasian public sphere, and helps to bring about a public life depicted by Bakhtinian “public square”, encouraging dialogue rather than forcing consensus. Finally, in Ch. 5 we sum up the thesis, and discuss ideas such as “social relationship / mob-ility”, “game”, and “everyday life”, which can serve as possible directions for further studies on internet culture.
13

政府網路公共論述空間之研究:以中央政府行政機關網路論壇為例 / The Discourse Space in Public Domain--A Case Study of the Internet Forums in Governmental Agencies

簡名君, Chien, Ming-Chun Unknown Date (has links)
隨著資訊通訊技術日漸進步與普及,政府亦開始發展各種線上溝通工具,作為與民眾互動的方式之一,在諸多的電腦中介傳播形式中,線上論壇即為一種值得重視的應用型態。本研究由理性公共論述的角度出發,主要為調查中央政府機關網路論壇的版面運作與討論情形,以及兩者之間的關連。首先檢閱相關文獻以找出本研究定位,再從相關理論中,整理出理性公共論述的內涵和要件,建構出理想網路論壇版面和公共論述的模式,共有五面向,三十五個項目。實證資料蒐集分為兩階段,第一階段採線上檢閱法,檢視所有的中央政府網路論壇版面;第二階段採內容分析法,檢視由第一階段篩選出的部分網路論壇之主題言論,最後彙整兩者的資料結果,並衍生出三個命題,以瞭解兩者之間的關連。 / 研究結果發現,我國目前共有42個中央政府行政機關於網站上設有網路論壇,提供民眾自由發表言論和詢問問題。以網路論壇的版面設計而言,這些論壇都沒有太大的差異。而在政府主動回應上則稍顯不足,目前政府對於論壇言論多是採取選擇性回應或不回應居多。在公眾參與情形方面,整體而言參與討論的熱絡情況差異很大,依據論壇所屬機關涉及的業務和公共議題而有所差別。以主題討論內容來說,雖然討論的質與量,目前仍未形成一真正理想的公共論述空間,但是在幾個專門討論特定公共議題的論壇中,可以看到參與者提出各種不同觀點,以及彼此之間互相溝通辯論的情形。證明網路論壇若作為特定公眾議題的討論園地,它可以是一個辯論空間、傳達意見的場域,讓一個議題很快擴散開來,並使論壇參與者可以從不同的角度去討論它,這就是網路論壇最重要的價值。 / 本研究結果說明了現階段中央政府網路論壇其實仍有值得改進的空間,網路論壇作為政府與民眾的溝通管道,其在公民參與上的效用是不容忽視的,隨著網路通訊科技日漸普及,越來越多人選擇用網路作為陳述意見的管道,故政府實應妥善運用現有的網路論壇機制,作為線上互動的公眾領域,最後,本研究也整理了若干實務建議,提供給政府作為網路論壇經營管理上的參考。 / As the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been progressed and widespread, government agencies begin to develop various kinds of online communicational tools for interacting with people. In many kinds of computer-mediated communications (CMC), the most noteworthy is a network or Internet forum. This study, based on rational theory of public discourse, attempts to investigate the constitution and the discussion on the network forums in Taiwan’s central government, and to explore the relation between the two. After the literature review positioning the study, the author extracted the components of rational theories of public discourse and constructed the indicators for evaluating Internet forums, including 5 dimensions and 35 items. The first stage of data collection is an online review inspecting the Internet forums of the central government agencies. The second stage is analyzing the content of the themes posted on the forums chosen from the first stage. Finally, three propositions were derived to realize the relation between the design and content of the forums as indicated above. / 42 forums of administrative agencies were located to offer the citizens to publish opinions and inquire questions. The reviewed forums show little difference in their design and mechanism. Concerning their management, the agencies reply on a selection basis or even seldom reply. Nevertheless, substantial difference is found on the degree of participation of the forum. Although the quality and quantity on these network forums does not suffice to develop an ideal public argumentation, several forums dedicated to specific public issues have shown plural views from the participants. In sum, the Internet forums of public agencies can carry and diffuse the citizen’s opinion and debate from dierse perspectives. / Accordingly, the results suggest that the Internet forums of government deserve further improvement. As a communicative channel between government and citizens, the benefit of citizen participation is significant. Government should utilize their mechanism properly as the online consultation platform. Finally, this reaerch provides suggestion on management and administration of the public Internet forums.
14

公共領域的公共再現:公視報紙報導與評論之分析(1990年~2013年) / Public representation of the public sphere in Taiwan: An analysis of newspaper commentaries and reports on the Taiwan Public Television Movement between 1990 and 2013

丘忠融 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在分析在我國公視建構過程中(1990~2013年)的報紙相關評論與報導。從1915年開始,台灣就有許多透過媒體改革來爭取發言權的運動。然而,直到1990年,公民社會才出現了以產權為目標的媒改運動,亦即1990年代起的公視運動。因此,我們認為公視運動可被視為公民爭取「公共領域」的重要歷程,值得進行深入分析。 其次,本文主張公視這種「公共領域」的建構過程,應以公共對話為基礎。經文獻檢閱,我們認為公媒體與公共領域有以下關聯。以制度面而言,Habermas的晚近公共領域概念強調國家必須透過立法過程來保障溝通行動,這正和公媒體的制度契合。以公共論述判準而言,Habermas的「合理政治意志形成過程」與「理性溝通」則可用來檢視,關於公視制度的討論是否符合公共性。 此外,本文選報紙評論進行分析,不是為了比較各報論述的差異,而是報紙長時間地記載各報社、社運團體成員、學者專家與社會大眾對公視議題的論述,這可讓我們檢視及反思不同階段公視運動的論述目標與特徵。另一方面,我們也檢閱了公視相關的立法院、監察院公報等資料,藉此釐清政府、媒體與公民社會三者的關係。 本研究有以下三點發現。第一,政府政策意圖是引導公視論述的關鍵因素。只有當政府對公視採取較正面態度,公民社會才有機會對公視進行深度的討論。第二,公視議題的主要論述者是報社人員與學院知識份子,其中學知對於公視向來採取支持立場。相對而言,只有在公視處於不利局面時,各報才會較積極地對公視表達支持。第三,當報社與學知對公視議題進行討論,報社較支持「商業化」與「數位化」,學知則較重視「公共理念」。 / This paper aims to analyze newspaper commentary and reports published during the Taiwan Public Television Movement between 1990 and 2013. Since 1915, Taiwan has had a lot of media reform movements that fought for freedom of speech. But there were no media reform movements with the aim of dealing with media ownership until the Taiwan Public Television Movement happened in 1990.We believe that the public television movement was a very important process that structured" public sphere “in Taiwan and is worth an in-depth analysis. As a public sphere, Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS) should be constructed on the public dialogue. After reviewing the literature, we think that the public media and the public sphere have the following correlations. In terms of institutional designs, Habermas emphasized recently that the state needs to protect the communicative action through the legislative process. We think this is similar to the idea of public television. With regard to public dialogues, Habermas' concepts of “a process model of rational political will-formation” and "rational communication ideal " can be applied to analyze the discourse of Taiwan Public Television. In addition, we analyzed newspaper commentaries, not to compare the differences of representation between newspapers, but to document different kinds of discussions of public television by media, social movement organizations, scholars and the public over a long period of time. Whereby, we can examine and reflect on the discourse goals and characteristics of the Taiwan Public Television movement in different stages. We also reviewed the official gazettes of the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan in order to clarify the relationship between the government, the media and civil society. In this paper, we provide readers with three findings. First, the intent of government policy was a key factor in leading the discourse of public television. Only when the government adopted more positive attitudes towards the TBS did civil society have chances for more in-depth discussions. Second, the discussions of TBS were mainly made by newspaper staffs and college intellectuals. Furthermore, college intellectuals had always taken a stand that supported public television. In contrast, only when TBS was in an unfavorable situation did newspaper staffs become more active in offering support. Third, whenever newspaper staffs and college intellectuals participated in the public discussion, the former tended to support the "commercialized" and "digitized" TBS, but the latter were inclined to favor “the ideal of public sphere” of TBS.
15

跨越田野與創作的界線----青年勞動九五聯盟的創意行動與媒體策略 / Between fieldwork and creation: the creative action and media strategy for Taiwan youthlabor union

陳曉雯 Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣從解嚴以後到八0年代末期,社會運動極為興盛,大學生也在這種氛圍下開始校園民主運動,並聲援校園外風起雲湧的民間自力救濟運動。但是在九0年代以後,臺灣的社會運動逐漸沈寂,但是其中有許多都化為正式立案的非營利組織,以延續過往的運動能量;而過去年少輕狂的學運份子,有的後來進入體制,也有的後來走向基層、推動人民自主結社,由下而上地以各種社會力量繼續有組織地提出訴求。而這「理性化」的過程,也延續到其後發生的社會運動上。 但是在這個國家與企業都在使用廣告行銷與公關手段,導致公共領域再封建化的時代裡,非營利組織應如何在公共領域中奪取議題的詮釋權?本文從行動者的角度,以青年勞動九五聯盟的創意行動與媒體策略為例,在事件的參與和行動中再回頭進行反思與分析,並回應到原先的問題意識:有關作為「知識人」的傳播者,如何能更積極地為社運組織帶來力量和影響? 本研究發現,非營利組織若要在公共領域上搶奪議題的詮釋權,除了組織化的內部分工,並解決財務問題以外,還必須以人民的「生活世界」作為其論述的底蘊,來挑戰被國家與企業所把持的「系統世界」,進而促成改變。而非營利組織之所以能提出人民的「生活世界」,則是建立在組織者平日與他們的群眾同在的過程裡。而非營利組織以創意行動與媒體策略推展議題,並以「影像紀錄」作為其提出論據的管道之一,則是建立在各非營利組織的發展脈絡與生存策略上,形成一種內在鑲嵌的關係。 本研究發現,非營利組織若要在公共領域上搶奪議題的詮釋權,除了組織化的內部分工,並解決財務問題以外,還必須以人民的「生活世界」作為其論述的底蘊,來挑戰被國家與企業所把持的「系統世界」,進而促成改變。而非營利組織之所以能提出人民的「生活世界」,則是建立在組織者平日與他們的群眾同在的過程裡。而非營利組織以創意行動與媒體策略推展議題,並以「影像紀錄」作為其提出論據的管道之一,則是在各非營利組織的發展脈絡與生存策略上,而有不同的呈現方式,形成一種內在鑲嵌的關係。
16

由合法性危機論數位著作保護爭議 / A Study of digital copyright protection from the perspective of legitimation crisis

張喻閔, Chang, Yu Min Unknown Date (has links)
摘要 觀察著作權法的演進,可說是一部為因應新興科技帶來著作利用型態改變,所造成衝擊的歷史。而現今著作權法面對資訊科技進步,所造成的法制衝擊時,卻因採取反規避措施等激烈的因應手段,造成著作權法制針對數位著作保護之爭議,出現了原先為平衡權利人利益與促進文化創作發展之兩大目的,發生了失衡的現象。該現象的發生,似乎於某種層度上,驗證了德國學者哈伯瑪斯(Jürgen Habermas)於觀察資本主義社會演進的歷史脈絡後,結合馬克斯的社會進化觀點與盧曼的系統論,所主張的晚期資本主義下的四重危機。 而隨著國際間有關數位著作保護的立法趨勢,無形中賦予了著作權人擁有對於他人接近其著作,幾乎完全的管制權利;而合理使用原則之適用卻遭受科技管制的嚴重限縮,使得著作權的保護對象,究竟是表達方式或是無形的概念,產生了保護界限的模糊,著作權法制似乎已轉往著作權利人之一方傾斜。如此的法制發展,將可能造成法律系統的內在衝突與矛盾,危及系統存在的正當性,進而產生數位著作權法制上的合法性危機。 本文試圖依循哈伯瑪斯有關溝通理性與擴大參與以型塑公共領域的主張,尋求爭議解決的可能途徑。並試圖藉由新興之創作共享授權機制(Creative Commons),結合網際網路之互動特性,嘗試探討網路中出現創作之公共領域(Public Sphere)的可能性。並期待開啟以強化社會對話與互動的溝通模式,來尋求爭議問題解決的討論開端。 / Abstract The evolution of Copyright Act reflects the change of publication displaying methods due to technology. Legislators create Anti-Circumvention Provision in reaction to the shock of technology progression on Copyright Act. However, these provision triggers the debate on the purpose of Copyright Act on publication protection, whether it is to protect the obligees or to enhance publication development. This phenomenon verifies Jürgen Habermas’s argument on the four crises under advanced capitalism, which combines Marx’s evolution of society, Luhmann’s system theory, and Habermas’s own observation on the transformation of Capitalism. The legislative trend on digital copyright protection gives the obligees almost complete control over their writings. However,“fair use” is limited by technology restrain. As a result, the Copyright Act seems to be tilted towards obligees. Such development may create inner conflict and endanger the legitimation of the law system. Moreover, the legitimation crisis on Copyright Act may be aroused. This thesis is aimed to solve the debate based on Harbemas’s claim on creating public sphere through rational communication and enlarging participation. For example, the writer combines creative commons and the interactive feature of the Internet to explore the possibility of public sphere on the Internet. In sum, this thesis is intended to resolve the Copyright Act problem.
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舊民族國家,或新公民社會?--對於台灣民族主義的批判 / Old Nation-State, or New Civil Society?-- A Criticism of Taiwan Nationalism

李坤城, Lee, Kuen-Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要的內容是討論在「台灣民族主義」的發展之下,無論是國民黨的「新國家霸權計畫」或是民進黨的「台灣獨立建國運動」,兩者皆是訴諸台灣人民(新台灣人)對於新國族的認可,但是這樣的一個民族國家,距離現代「公民國家」的形態還非常遙遠,因為台灣並沒有一個健全的憲政體制文化,得以培養出多元的公共領域及民主的公民意識,而這些都是重建新公民社會所必須的。就算人民成為國家主權的最高擁有者,但在缺乏社會性的結社組織之下,卻只能導向生命共同體之內人民普遍意志的集合,而淪為統治者統治正當性背書的工具。所以批判「台灣民族主義」,就是檢視在民族主義的運作之下對於民主政治發展的影響。最後並提出以「多元公共領域」及「民主公民身份」做為重建新公民社會的基礎,以降低民族主義對於公民社會發展的影響,而穩固的公民社會是民主得以繼續深化的根基。 第一章 導論 1 第一節 研究動機與背景 1 第二節 研究架構與目的 3 第三節 文獻探討 7 第二章 民族、民族主義與民族國家 13 第一節 「民族」理論初探 15 第二節 民族主義與國(家)族的建構 21 第三節 民族主義與人民身份的建構 26 第三章 台灣民族主義的發展 29 第一節 台灣民族意識的萌芽 31 第二節 威權體制轉型期的台灣原型民族主義 38 第三節 新國家論述之下的台灣民族主義 45 第四章 台灣公民社會的重建 53 第一節 消失的民間社會與興起中的「共同體」 55 第二節 民主公民身份及多元公共領域 64 第三節 公民社會的重建 72 第五章 結論 79 參考文獻 83
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台灣社區大學之研究-公民社會建構與終身學習政策的實踐

陳定銘 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文「台灣社區大學之研究─公民社會建構與終身學習政策的實踐」主要目的在研究台灣最近四年以來,蓬勃發展的另類高等教育社區大學,目前已經招生上課的社區大學共有卅七所,每年參與選課的學員將近七萬人次,並且仍然持續增加之中。本論文藉由個案研究(採取質的研究中文獻分析、參與觀察與深度訪談等方法)探討:1、公民社會建構(社會面向)。2、終身學習政策(政策面向)。3、社區大學的定位、法制化(文憑授予)、財源、課程與教學,以及與政府關係(組織管理面向)。研究結果分析與歸納為:   研究發現(一):社區大學的環境。   1、社區大學是民間教育改革(四一○教育改造)運動的延續;在意識型態方面是由民間自發性的草根運動,訴求改革官方傳統的制式教育;此外,由於宗教團體涉入社區大學的經營,其重視個人心靈成長的教育,則和社區大學「知識解放與公民社會」宗旨有所差異。   2、社區大學透過發展地方產業文化、社區參與、課程社團化和社團課程化等策略,繼續發揚社區總體營造的精神。   3、知識解放是社區大學的核心價值,民眾透過社區大學強調經驗知識與對話的學習,培養批判思考能力,建立個人價值觀,並朝向改造社會與建構公民社會的理想邁進。   4、社區大學全國研討會的參與觀察,以加強社區大學扣緊本土社會脈動與議題發展,以及全球化趨勢(例如:農村、原住民、勞工議題,以及WTO的因應策略等)。   研究發現(二):社區大學的實踐。社區大學對於公民社會建構與終身學習政策等指標的實踐,歸納為下列的結果。   1、倡導公共性:社區大學是透過非營利組織的倡導,以及提升公民參與能力,強化其公共性特質。   2、促進社區參與:社區大學將社團活動納入正式課程,並採取工作坊方式運作,走出學校進入社區服務策略,使得社區大學在社區意識凝聚的成效顯著。   3、型塑公共領域:社區大學利用公共論壇的實施,提供一個公共議題對話的平台,來喚醒學員的公共意識與公民參與的能力。   4、提昇終身學習的品質:社區大學提供民眾系統性的終身學習場域,並建構成為學習型組織,以提昇個人知能與素質,以及整體社會的水準。   5、延伸社區大學的視野:研究發現法制化是目前社區大學最急迫的議題,也是拓展社大視野與永續發展的關鍵要素。   最後,本論文綜合研究結果,提出對於政府部門、社區大學、社會大眾,以及後續研究的建議,以作為政府部門(特別是地方政府)、社區大學、非營利組織、社區工作者、民眾,以及將要開辦社區大學機構的參考。 / The objective of this doctorial dissertation, A Study of the Community Universities in Taiwan: the Practice of the Structure of Civil Society and Lifelong Learning Policy, is mainly about the growing of the higher education system, the ‘community universities,’ in the past four years in Taiwan. Up till this moment, there are totally thirty-seven community universities in Taiwan with approximately seventy thousand students, which are still increasing in every year.   Through cases studying, the structure of civil society (in terms of society), lifelong learning policy (in terms of policy), and the definition of the community universities will be discussed in this dissertation. The result can be divided into two parts:   A. The environment of the community universities:   a. The community university is the continuing of the nongovernmental education revolution (410 educational reformation), an activity initiated by the locals in order to reform the traditional education system made by the authorities. Moreover, the involvement of religious associations and their idea of inner growing of an individual differ from the mission statement, liberalizing of knowledge and civil society, of the community universities.   b.The community university helps to develop the spirit of social construction by developing local culture, taking part in the community, and using the tactics of making courses socialized and bringing social activities into class.   c.Liberalizing of knowledge is the key point of the community universities. The mass population can not only train their thinking ability, but also build their own value as individuals in the community universities which emphasizes the learning from the knowledge of experience and dialogue. Furthermore, they can move on toward the idea of social reformation and civil society.   d. Participating in the National Conference of the Community Universities can reinforce the ties of the universalities, the movement and the growing issue of local communities, and the global tendency.   B. The practice of the community universities:   a.Advocating its public nature: The quality of the public nature in the community university is advocated by nonprofit organizations and the elevation of citizen participation.   b.Promoting social participation: The community university adds social activities into formal courses and runs as a workshop to join in social service, and makes a successful effort from gathering social consciousness.   c. Sculpting public sphere: The community university uses the public forum as a place for discussing public issues in order to arouse the social consciousness and the citizen participation of the students.   d.Advancing the quality of lifelong learning: Forming as a study organization, the community university provides people a systematic lifelong learning to advance not only individual knowledge and competency, but also the level of the whole society.   e.Expanding the outlook of the community university: According to the research, the most important issue for the community university is to make it legalized, which is also the key point to expand the outlook and the interminable development of the community university.   To conclude, the comprehensive study result of the dissertation gives the government, the community universities, the public, and the follow up study a word of advice and serves as a reference to them and the organizations that is about to found a community university.

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