80年代末期，全球經濟中出現一種特殊的國際企業，其在創業初期或在創業很短的時間內就開始涉入國際市場，而且國際化的程度相當高。文獻將這種類型的國際企業稱之為「國際新創事業」 (International New Venture)，同時證實這種新出現的國際企業類型非但不是特例，甚至越來越為普及。由於這類廠商通常規模較小，但卻能成功的在國際市場中與設立已久的大型廠商成功競爭，顯示現象背後必然存在相當值得探討的管理意涵。台灣廠商整體而言具備了兩大特色－高度的國際化及旺盛的創業精神－此二特色正符合學界對國際新創事業的概念性定義。另外由於「國際化」與「創業」領域結合的研究議題在學界正方興未艾，在學界對國際新創事業的認識仍存有落差的情況下，針對台灣國際新創事業之現象，具體描繪這些廠商的輪廓、瞭解這些廠商國際化的績效意涵、探討這些廠商的優勢策略、市場策略及後續成長等議題，在理論及實務上都具有相當重要之意義與價值。 本研究在國際新創事業日益普及，但文獻研究卻相對缺乏的研究背景下，嘗試探討影響國際新創事業績效之因素。本研究先以國際化理論之觀點，發展國際化程度、研發投資及廣告投資對國際新創事業績效影響之相關假說；同時另以創業觀點對台灣國際新創事業進行市場進入策略之分類，發展各種策略型態的報酬與風險關係之假說，並針對廠商脫離創業期之後的策略演化進行描繪。 假說驗證上，本研究以行政院主計處1986、1991及1996年針對製造業抽查的資料庫之資料，進行各項假說驗證。統計實證結果大致支持本研究各項假說，即台灣國際新創事業：(1)國際化程度與績效間，呈先增後減的∩型曲線關係；(2) 研發密集度高於低度國際化廠商的研發密集度；(3) 研發密集度與其績效間，呈先減後增的∪型曲線關係；(4) 採取不同市場進入策略，在績效上無顯著之差異；(5) 採取不同市場進入策略在事業風險上有顯著之差異，「技術創業」廠商的風險最高，「後進模仿創業」廠商的風險最低；然而，有關台灣國際新創事業的廣告密集度與其績效間呈負向線性關係之假說，並未能獲得支持。 除以量化統計方式進行分析外，為進一步瞭解國際新創事業國際化的動態歷程及市場策略的演化軌跡，本研究另以個案研究方式進行相關問題之探討。針對四家個案廠商深度訪談的研究結果，除大致呼應量化分析中的各項假說關係外，另亦呈現部分台灣國際新創事業異於西方文獻所預測及描繪的特點，包括海外投資地理範疇的高度集中、國際化與績效關係轉折點跟海外直接投資 (FDI) 有密切關係、利基能力的建構與台灣產業環境間的配適，以及國際化因素對創業廠商績效的調節作用等。 在理論貢獻上，本研究具體完成影響台灣國際新創事業績效的各項因素之探討，補充過去國際新創事業相關文獻中較為缺乏的規範性意涵。此外，透過橫跨1986-1996年的縱斷面分析，本研究具體呈現台灣國際新創事業在特徵屬性、市場進入方式及成長策略上的演化動態，並據以檢驗這些因素的演化型態與廠商績效間之關係，提供學界一個關於國際新創事業更加完整的形態 (posture) 與勢態 (strategic move) 之描繪。最後，本論文以台灣國際新創事業做為研究樣本，也有助於相關理論外部效度之拓展。在實務意涵上，由於本研究跳脫描述性的研究架構，實證結果證實各項策略因素對國際新創事業具有重要之意涵，因此研究結果可做為台灣國際新創事業在制訂國際化策略、優勢策略、市場進入策略及後續成長策略上之參考。

中越關係，如同中蘇關係，是國際關係學習很好的一課。中越共50餘年的正式關係，大致言之，可分四個階段，第一階段自1950年至1964年，此為兩國關係最密切友好的時期。第二階段自1964年至1975年，雙方仍維持友好關係，然同時存在若干的磨擦和衝突，致雙方關係每下愈況。第三階段自1975年至1991年，此為兩國關係最惡化的時期，尤其在1979年「懲越戰爭」之後，有10餘年的時間，雙方中斷了正常的往來。第四階段自1991年迄今，兩國關係恢復正常，並穩步成長。 支配每個階段雙方關係演變的因素非常多，吾人可從國際及國家層次結合中越關係的實際發展情形，綜合歸納有以下五大變數主導兩國關係的發展：一、國際情勢。二、意識形態。三、民族矛盾。四、領土糾紛。五、軍經援助。這五大變數在中越關係每一個發展階段中，一直存在，並同時互為因果，交相作用。而且各變數在不同的階段，對兩國的關係具有不同程度的影響，其所導致的結果也有所不同。 亙中越關係發展的全期，五大變數中的國際情勢因素，始終都發揮較強的影響力，而在第三階段中，五大變數的影響力同時增強，並使雙方關係迅速惡化，此階段的中越關係亦為雙方53年關係的最低潮。 國家之間在政治、經濟和安全領域的相互依賴是國際關係，特別是現代國際關係中的一個重要的問題。它為國際的合作和衝突提供了更多更新的可能和機會。在53年的中越關係中，有合作友好的一面，也有衝突對抗的一面，這也正好是相互依賴關係的特徵之一。而因為相互依賴有導致國際衝突的內在傾向，中越間的衝突與對抗，就是這種內在的傾向被激化的結果。 五大變數不僅直接影響中越關係的發展，同時亦成為觀察雙方互賴關係的重要指標。如在軍經援助因素中，吾人可從中共對越南支援的質量，來判讀越南對中共依賴的程度；再如民族矛盾與領土糾紛因素中，吾人可從越南挑起此類問題的時機和其發生的頻率，來研析中越間敏感度與脆弱度的轉換；此外亦可從國際情勢及意識形態因素的變化中，來比較雙方主要需求的規模和替代性。

企管大師Michael Porter一再強調「差異化」是企業之所以能勝出的主要關鍵，Peter Drucker更宣稱：「知識」將是未來企業唯一，且能夠生產社會與經濟利益的最重要資財。 知識管理可以將知識儲存在組織之內，降低企業的成本，並增加獲利，進而提高企業的競爭力優勢。媒體也是企業的一種經營形態，因此，如何透過知識管理將平面媒體內、外的智慧資本彙整並儲存在組織中，以利組織成員分享與運用，繼而產生獨特的差異性與競爭優勢，已經是媒體越來越關心的重要課題。 但是，知識管理的架構會隨著產業特性與企業需求而有差異。因此，想要幫助平面媒體利用知識管理，來面對未來更激烈的競爭環境，就必須有不同於產業或知識特質的架構與建議。 民國77年的報禁解除，使得國內平面媒體面臨高度競爭的壓力；而科技的日新月益、閱聽人的閱讀習慣與需求的改變，也迫使媒體朝向提供更多元及多樣化的新聞內容服務。 因此，本研究希望透過綜合的分析與探討，找出平面媒體所面臨的問題與困境，試著利用資訊科技的幫助，提出適合平面媒體參考的知識管理整合性系統架構、步驟、作法與建議，以便提升其企業競爭力。 綜合有關知識管理的理論架構，再配合平面媒體產業的特性，本研究試著為傳統平面媒體，規劃出兩種未來可能獲利的經營模式―「新聞來源供應商」與「綜合新聞供應商」，同時為其擬出可行的知識管理架構，以及分4個階段―「認知覺醒與發展策略」、「經營模式與知識確認」、「設計、規劃與導入」，以及「評估與調整」階段，與3大層面―「策略」、「知識」與「科技」的建議。 / Michael Porter, Professor at Harvard Business School and one of the top 50 business intellectuals of our time, claims that “differentiation” is the key to stand out in a highly competitive environment. Peter Drucker, professor of management and the founder of California-based Leader to Leader Foundation, suggests that “knowledge” is the only asset the future businesses could depend on in generating social and economic benefits. Knowledge management is the one way to preserve the knowledge generated in the process of management for an enterprise. It decreases management cost and generates revenue at the same time. Therefore, knowledge management is also a way to enhance competitive edge. Mass media, like other management entities, could also apply principles of knowledge management to enhance their competitive edge. How to integrate the intellectual capital through mechanisms of knowledge management, how to share the knowledge stored in the mechanism in more efficient ways, and, how could the media differentiate themselves from their competitators to enhance competitive edge, have become critical issue not only for management, but also for survival. However, the mechanism or infrastructure of knowledge management is varied for different industries due to the nature of different management requirements. What can be applied in a software company may not be suitable at all for mass media. Two significant changes accelerate and reinforce the innovation of the Press: the law that limits the numbers of content providers and the law that limits the amount of contents were both banned. In the mean time, the overall reading habit change enabled by the innovation of digital technology also facilitates the renovation of Press. News providers are now facing challenges in providing diversified contents for readers of different habits and tastes. This research aims at proposing appropriate knowledge management infrastructures by synthesizing the dilemma as well as opportunities media confront in a digital era. Classical literature regarding knowledge management infrastructure and media studies, especially the properties of the Press, help me frame and identify two profitable knowledge management infrastructures: News Supplier and News Content Provider. More than providing the possible infrastructures, I also concluded four phases to implement the infrastructure and three perspectives as lenses to examine the infrastructures. The four phrases are (1) awareness and strategic development; (2) management model and knowledge assurance; (3) design, plan and implementation and (4) evaluation and adjustment. The three perspectives are (1) strategy, (2) knowledge and (3) technology.

台灣消費性電子產業和以往在資通訊電子產業的經驗，有極大的不同。以往廠商只要在Wintel架構下，依循主流設計發展產品，做個快速的跟隨者，只要掌握製造優勢的條件，往往就能創造硬體產品的興盛。然而，對於沒有共同平台、沒有主流設計的消費性電子產業，這些都不足為憑，只有不斷推出令人驚艷的創新產品，才是價值創造的最大根源。因此，消費性電子產品的創新，不僅來自於豐富的專業的創意，更需要仰賴極致的技術和管理開發的效率。 本研究的目的，旨在探討台灣的企業邁向消費性電子產業的產品創新模式，這種模式必須整合不同的技術、發揮想像力、提高產品開發管理能力及運用企業內外資源等要素。其中，尤以培養創新的組織文化，是企業突破窠臼的重要因素。 本研究，透過單一公司的深入分析，將其創新能力的育成，分為內部管理機制及外部技術資源的運用兩個構面，並以國際大廠做為互補性資產，將破壞性創新產品巧妙的與市場連結，而推展到消費者手上的成功經驗。在研究中，內部管理機制方面，分別探討企業內部的創新平台與組織文化；在運用外部技術資源方面，則討論技術吸收的模式與策略夥伴的幫助。最後，對創新成果做進一步的檢驗，並對此一創新模型的複製與應用提出建議，以提供業界進行消費性電子產品創新管理與發展之參考。 / There are enormous different experiences between consumer electronic industry and IT Industry in Taiwan. In the past, as long as a maker keep himself as a rapid follower under Wintel design concept and grasping the manufacturing advantages, the make normally can easily create a booming market of hardware products. However, that is not enough for the consumer electronic product as there is no standard platform or main stream to follow, thus the true value can only created by the continuous new shinning products innovation and development. Thus the innovation of consumer product is not only from the creativity, it also relies on the ultimate technology and high efficiency of product development. The purpose of this research is to investigate the innovation model of Taiwanese enterprises in consumer electronic industry. This model has to integrate the various technologies, to extend the imagination, to manage the ability for product development and to utilize the internal and external resources; especially to cultivate the creative culture is the key factor for a company. This research adapts the detailed analysis of single company, whose incubates its ability by internal management mechanism and utilization of the external technical resources. To leverage the global firm’s market power as complementary assets, promotes the disruptive innovation product to consumers. In terms of internal management mechanism, discusses the internal innovation platform and organization culture. The other hand of utilizing the external resources, discusses the ways of technical knowledge learning and the support from the strategic partners. In the end, do the further exam on the innovation results, and offer the opinion on the duplication and application for the model. This could be a reference for product innovation and management of consumer electronic industry.

面為基階段在視覺處理歷程中扮演重要角色，面表徵是高於視網膜影像的視覺表徵，本研究目的在於探討以「面表徵」為選擇基礎之注意力運作。參考過去研究者所採用的面材料，本研究改為同時呈現二個交叉斜面並進行線索提示作業，以同面優勢效果作為面為基注意力運作之指標。 本研究分成四項實驗，每項實驗皆由兩個子實驗構成，此二個子實驗分別使用「外因性線索提示作業」與「內因性線索提示作業」探討面為基注意力的運作。實驗一利用上述「面」的設計及兩種提示作業，得同面優勢效果，反映面為基注意力的運作參與其中。實驗二目的在於排除注意力根據「可能目標的斜度」進行選擇之混淆，因此將面改為擁有相同斜度且互相平行的二個斜面。注意力若根據可能目標的斜度進行選擇，則無法得同面優勢效果。結果顯示在實驗二的兩種提示作業中，仍得同面優勢效果。實驗三目的在於排除可能目標因空間排列而形成簡單的知覺組織，繼而影響注意力分配之可能性。結果顯示在外因性線索提示作業下，仍得同面優勢效果；在內因性線索提示作業下，SOA需延長至500毫秒，才展現同面優勢效果。實驗四則進一步確認在不同SOA下，面為基注意力的運作情況，結果發現：在外因性線索提示作業下，SOA為500毫秒展現同面優勢效果；內因性線索提示作業下， SOA為1000毫秒下展現同面優勢效果。 綜合而言，在外因性線索提示作業與內因性線索提示作業下皆得到同面優勢效果。當可能目標難以群聚後，在長SOA時距下，依然展現同面優勢效果。因此本研究的結果，對於面為基注意力提供了直接的支持證據。 / Surface-based stage plays an important role in visual information process. Surface representation means the representation that goes beyond 2-D image representation. The purpose of this study is on the exploration of attentional selection which is based on surface representation. Referring to the surface material used before, this study adopted two interlacing slant surfaces structured by random-dot stereogram to test the effect of “same-surface advantage”. There are four experiments and each experiment includes two sub-experiments which are exogenous cuing task and endogenous cuing task, respectively. In Experiment 1, the same-surface advantage was revealed. In Experiment 2, the confounding of “slant” was ruled out and the same-surface advantage was still kept. In Experiment 3, we reduced the possibility that candidate targets group together to form simple perceptual organization and then influence the allocation of attention. After rearrange the spatial positions of candidate targets, attention cannot select the simple perceptual organization easily. In exogenous cuing task, same-surface advantage was still revealed. In endogenous cuing task, SOA should be prolonged to 500ms, and it shows same-surface advantage. Furthermore, in Experiment 4, we manipulate three kinds of SOA and confirm the operation of surface-based attention. We found that in exogenous cuing task, SOA should be prolonged to 500ms, and it shows same-surface advantage.In endogenous cuing task, SOA should be prolonged to 1000ms, and it shows same-surface advantage. In conclusion, it shows same-surface advantage in exogenous cuing task and endogenous cuing task. When candidate cannot group together to be selected easily, SOA should be prolonged to longer, and it still shows same-surface advantage. The results provide the direct support evidences of surface-based attention.

智慧資本之思潮，源自於北歐，最早發展於瑞典，現今世界各國也相繼投入，其長足發展則在1990年後，而在知識經濟掛帥的年代，其影響到組織的創造與長期競爭優勢，已成為組織最有價值的資產及最有利的競爭武器，而良好的顧客關係就是公司價值具有重大影響的無形資產，也產生顧客資本的價值，若企業能將顧客知識整合到公司流程中，就越能滿足顧客所需要的產品及服務，讓顧客滿意度和忠誠度提高。 本研究選擇個案公司交換式電源供應器之顧客為研究對象，研究目的有四：(一)利用層級分析法找出交換式電源供應器之顧客在選擇供應商時之評選標準及相對權重(二)分析不同貢獻度之顧客在供應商評選標準之權重差異(三)分析不同貢獻度之顧客對個案公司在評選標準上之表現以作為未來顧客關係經營方案的參考(四)對現行交換式電源供應器廠商之顧客資本提出經營建言。 本研究以個案公司交換式電源供應器顧客為問卷對象，並使用層級分析法(AHP)將架構因素設計成問卷，請A、B、C、D等四群顧客依過去顧客期望因素之兩兩比較，得到各層級之各因素在個案公司做顧客期望時的權重。 第一層級研究結果發現，個案公司之四群顧客在顧客期望上，首重品質控制能力與技術設計能力，最不重視地點。 第二、三層級研究結果發現，個案公司之四群顧客在顧客期望上最重視客製化能力、售前諮詢、售後服務、價格水準、產品保證期，而最不重視策略事業關係、過去服務經驗與研究發展支出。 本研究相信，個案公司交換式電源供應器顧客期望透過層級分析法(AHP)的量化分析，找出顧客期望的各因素權重，使企業決策者不會依個人主觀及經驗臆測方式做為決策判斷，而以架構化的決策方式和權重優先次序為依據的客觀方法，相信必能提高顧客滿意度增加公司的經營績效。 / Intellectual Capital originated from North Europe and blossomed in Sweden at the early stage but now the hwole world gets involved. The real expanding was after 1990, now the knowledge-based economy taking the lead, intellectual capital would affect organization’s creative and long-term competitive advantage and also become the most valuable asset and useful weapon. Good customer-relationship is company’s intangible asset and also creates the value of customer capital. If enterprise could compile customers’ knowledge into company’s procedure, it will fulfill customers’ need and increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. This research is aimed in the company’s switching power supply’s customers. The main purposes for this research are as follows: 1. Using analytic hierarchy process to figure out the evaluation and relative weighted criteria when customers choosing cuppliers, 2. Analyzing the difference among customers’ who have diverse contribution weighted criteria, 3. By analyzing the difference to generate strategy for future customer relationship maintenance, 4. Offering suggestion to the company operating customer capital. This research is aimed in the company’s switching power supply’s customers with analytic hierarchy process as structure to form the questionnaire. Let A, B, C, D, four groups of customers, to compare two factors each time to get the weighted value for each customer upon each factor. The first tier research comes out that four groups of customers emplyasize quality controla nd technology design ability the most. Disregard location the most. The second and third tiers research come out that customers emplyasize custom, pre-sale consulting, after-sale service, price and guarantee the most. Disregard strategy alliance, previous service experience and RD expense. To conclude, this company could use quantification AHP to rank each customer’s expectation; rather than using subjective judgments or guessing from past experience. I believe this could enhance customer satisfaction well and improve ecompany performance.

TFT-LCD產業被譽為臺灣「第二半導體產業」，在國人的努力下，2006年台灣大尺寸TFT-LCD的出貨量和產值，均已躍居世界第1位。由於該產業處於變化快速的競爭環境，如何找出企業的核心資源與核心能力，考慮企業資源基礎的發展問題，協助管理者制定出最適之競爭策略，讓企業能在競爭環境中持續成長與發展等，都是重要且值得探討的課題。 本研究採定性的個案研究法，以台灣2006年大尺寸TFT-LCD產業產量前3名之領導廠商（友達光電、奇美電子、中華映管）為個案研究對象，深度探討其核心資源、核心能力、競爭策略、競爭優勢等項目之內涵及其關連性。經由現有的TFT-LCD相關資料、資源基礎理論等文獻歸納，以及個案研究的分析，本研究主要的發現如次： 一、台灣TFT-LCD企業所擁有的核心資源係來自公司所擁有的獨特的異質性資源組合，其最重要核心資源是無形資源，最重要核心能力是組織能力，主要的競爭策略為是成本領導（或集中）策略，最主要的企業競爭優勢為組織能力。 二、台灣TFT-LCD企業都是獨特異質性資源的組合，以致於每一個企業均具有不同於其他對手的表現。 三、臺灣TFT-LCD 企業的核心資源、核心能力和競爭策略、競爭優勢間，具有相關性：企業的核心資源和核心能力是制定和執行競爭策略的基礎；企業競爭優勢的來源為核心資源和核心能力，且最主要來源是核心能力；當企業有利潤時，將持續發展公司資源及能力，以維持企業持久性競爭優勢。 / The TFT-LCD industry is known as the “second semi-conductor industry” of Taiwan, where, thanks to joint efforts of local talents, in 2006 both the shipment volume and the output value of Taiwan’s large-size TFT-LCD became No. 1 in the world. Because the industry is situated in a competitive environment that changes drastically, there exist several important issues that deserve further study, including how to identify core resources and core competences of the companies, consider development of enterprise resource bases, help management formulate the most adequate competitive strategies, and allow companies to continuously grow and develop in the competitive environment. This study adopts the qualitative case study method, where it uses three leading manufacturers that have the largest production output in Taiwan’s large-size TFT-LCD industry in 2006 (AU Optronics, Chi Mei Optoelectronics, and Chunghwa Picture Tubes, LTD.) as the subjects of this case study to conduct in-depth research on contents of and correlation among their core resources, core competences, competitive strategies, and competitive advantages. By induction from reference materials such as existing TFT-LCD-related data and the resource-based theory, as well as case study and analysis, this study presents main findings as follows: 1. The core resources owned by Taiwan’s TFT-LCD manufacturers come from combinations of unique heterogeneous resources owned by the companies, where their most important resource is intangible resource, their most important core competence is organization capability, their main competitive strategy is the cost leadership (or concentration) strategy, and their main corporate competitive advantage is organization capability. 2. Every TFT-LCD manufacturer in Taiwan is a combination of unique heterogeneous resources, so that each company performs differently from its competitors. 3. Correlation can be found in core resources, core competences, competitive strategies, and competitive advantages of Taiwan’s TFT-LCD manufacturers: core resources and core competences of the companies are the basis of formulation and execution of competitive strategies; corporate competitive advantages result from core resources and core competences, and the main resource is core competence; when a company makes profits, it is going to continuously develop company resources and competences, in order to maintain corporate sustainable competitive advantages.

自從網際網路與影音服務的匯流出現以後，透過寬頻網路來傳輸影音內容的寬頻影音網站也隨之出現，本研究所定義的寬頻影音匯聚網站指的乃是以入口網站形式呈現的影音網站，其功能為收集各個類別的影音內容，並透過收集大量的影音內容，以提供用戶完整且多樣化的影音娛樂服務。 目前包括電信公司、網路公司、掌握娛樂內容的電視台等不同產業領域的業者都紛紛投入寬頻影音市場中，導致寬頻影音產業內的競爭越來越激烈，自2004年開始，台灣寬頻影音市場更發生一系列的併購行為，許多業者也開始提供影音部落格、線上下載電影等多元的加值性服務以尋求競爭上的優勢。由於在數位化匯流的趨勢之下，產業競爭環境的不確定性也隨之增加，就資源基礎理論的角度來看，企業的經營乃是持久而執著的努力，唯有不斷的累積資源，才能形成不敗的競爭優勢，因此，本研究透過資源基礎觀點來檢視企業所擁有的核心資源，瞭解目前寬頻影音匯聚網站所擁有的核心資源為何，這些核心資源給予寬頻影音匯聚網站哪些競爭上的利基，以及寬頻影音匯聚網站應如何在市場之中發展或拓展其核心資源以形成競爭上的優勢。 在上述的問題意識下，本研究運用文獻分析法與深度訪談法探索台灣寬頻影音產業之生態與產業環境，找出目前寬頻影音匯聚網站之核心資源與其資源特性，並配合市場面、通道面、網絡面、鏈局面與消費面這五個市場競爭構面的考量，以瞭解寬頻影音匯聚網站在市場中如何增強或拓展其核心資源以形成或維持其競爭優勢。 在結合文獻分析與寬頻影音業者的訪談結果後，本研究除了針對各研究案例業者給予實務建議外，研究結論認為寬頻影音匯聚網站的核心資源為相互組合的概念，市場領導者的共有特質便是掌握了「頻寬」、「內容」、「技術」、「資金」與「財務管理能力」等重要性資源，各業者在經營上都十分注重於「品牌名聲」、「影音壓縮與串流處理能力」與「團隊與業務運作能力」等資源與能力的培養，未來各業者可再進一步加強「人際網絡的連結與整合能力」與「行銷經驗與能力」這兩方面的資源，以增加自身在市場上的競爭力。 / Websites used to deliver audio or video services through broadband are getting popular due to the convergence of internet and audio/video services. The definition of video aggregated webcasters in this research is the broadband audio/video streaming website that is presented by portal site. Its function includes collection of all sorts of different audio/video contents and provides their consumers more diversified and completed audio/video services. Recently the webcasting industry has become very competitive since there are more and more investors from all different industries investing in this market, including telecommunication and internet company, and some entertainment leading television stations. Since 2004, a series of merger and amalgamation started to rise in webcasting market in Taiwan. In order to build up more competitive advantages, some operators have also started to introduce video blogs and some other valued-added services such as providing users to download online movies. Because of the digital convergence, the uncertainty of this competitive environment has relatively increased. From the resource-based theory's point of view, making durable and constant effort is the most important principle the enterprise operations follow. The only way to maintain extremely strong competitive advantages is to acquire and accumulate resources continuously. Thus, this research examines enterprises’ core resources according to resource-based theory and identifies what kind of core resources the video aggregated webcasters has so far, what these core resources can offer these webcasters in terms of competitive advantages, and how to further develop the core resources in order to gain more market shares within this industry. In order to discuss above-mentioned concerns, this research applies document analysis and in-depth interview to explore the webcasting industry in Taiwan and discover the core resources and its characteristics for video aggregated webcasters nowadays. In addition, this research discusses how video aggregated webcasters can enhance or further improve its core resources in order to build up it’s competitive advantages in 5 different competition aspects of market structure, route, network, chain and consumption. After combining document analysis and in-depth interview, apart from providing some practical recommendations based on the researched cases, this research demonstrates that combination concept is the core resource of video aggregated webcasters. The common characteristics for the market leaders are highly skilled at some significant resources such as bandwidth, content, technique, capital and financial management capability. Lots of enterprises tend to emphasis on promoting their brands and reputations, audio/video compression and streaming capability and team and business executive capability. In the future, the operators can improve their interpersonal network and marketing experience and competence in order to advance their competitive advantages in the market.

本文旨從語用和語音方面，來探討中文「敘述性」言談(narrative discourse)對話中，說話者自然產生的節拍手勢。在語用方面，主要是觀察說話者使用節拍手勢表達前後景(Grounding)和新/舊訊息(Information state)的關係。研究結果發現，說話者較常使用節拍手勢來傳達前景(foreground)的新訊息，以提示聽話者注意。此外，說話者在敘述的過程中，常使用節拍手勢來預示前後景訊息的轉換。在語音方面，主要探討說話者使用節拍手勢時，其所對應的語句之音調高低及說話能量強度的關係。研究發現，語句的音高和強度無法預測這類手勢的產生；但是，當傳達前景的新訊息時，這類手勢的出現常伴隨著較強的語氣。此外，研究結果也顯示，說話者使用節拍手勢通常是有規律性的。 / This thesis investigates gestural beats in Chinese narrative discourse at both pragmatic and acoustic levels. The relationship among grounding, information state and beat gestures is examined at the pragmatic level, and at the acoustic level, the relationship among pitch, intensity, and gestural beats is analyzed. Moreover, whether there is a rhythmic pattern for beat gestures is further studied. The subjects were four undergraduates who were asked to view an animated color cartoon episode and then to immediately recount the events in it to a listener. The subjects were audio-video taped. They were not informed of the particular interest of the study. 291 beats were transcribed and analyzed. The audio data was analyzed on Praat and a Kay’s Model 4100. The continuous beats were further analyzed to investigate the rhythmic patterns and were annotated in Anvil, a video annotation tool. Gestural beats, narrative data, and the annotations were statistically analyzed and five phenomena for beat gestures were explored. First, gestural beats can appear in both foregrounded and backgrounded clauses. Second, the occurrence of beat gestures signals shifts between levels of the narrative structure. Third, speakers usually incline to utter new information in foregrounded clauses in Chinese narrative discourse with accompanying beats. Fourth, neither intensity nor pitch changes can predict and correlate with the occurrence of gestural beats in the relationship between beats and two acoustic factors. However, when grounding and the information state of the associated referents are considered, beats are produced for new information in foregrounded clauses with greater intensity. Finally, there is a rhythmic pattern in the production of continuous beats and the regularity of the patterns correlates with the clause boundary. A close relationship is revealed between speech and gestures in this thesis. The findings provide some linguistic details that may help explore the performance of gestural beats and speech in Chinese narrative discourse.

在1960年為《理性與革命》寫的序言中，馬庫塞就曾提過所謂的「既定事實的力量」(the authority of established fact)，他認為「這是一種壓迫的力量」。 馬庫塞在其著作當中已多次提及所謂「既定的現實」(the established reality)，所意指的不外乎是身處於先進工業社會中的個體受到既定體制的壓迫(oppression)與制約，換言之，先進工業社會充滿著非解放的因素。 「現今，自由(freedom)與奴役(servitude)的結合變得『理所當然』(“natural”)，它已成為進步的一種手段(a vehicle of progress)。」此一論點馬庫塞在《愛欲與文明》一書中已提出，並在《單向度的人》一書中更充分地開展。 《單向度的人》的主要論點在於整體社會的意識受制於後期資本主義社會的結構，致使人們的思維無法覺醒，「現實即是合理」已經成為社會的正常看法，也就是大多數人皆依循此種模式過生活，而不去變革現狀(the status quo)。因為這一種消費與生產已形成人們的固定思維模式，即單向度的思維，由於人們不再反省現實社會的單向度現象，因此人們無法從單向度的現象中解放出來，大多數人仍處於不自覺的狀態，受到操控，社會中的成員共同架構出壓迫性的思維方式(oppressive mode of thinking)，「人的意識受制於社會的存在」，人心加重現實的趨勢致使「單向度」(one-dimensionality)的態勢逐步成形。