自1978年以來，中國走上了改革開放的道路，伴隨著連年高幅度的經濟成長，國際地位大幅上升，讓中國從自19世紀以來的羸弱走向富強，「中國崛起」這個概念，已經被當前世界各國普遍接受。而正當眾人的目光置於中國崛起的同時，印度也同樣有著突出的表現。若中國是繼美國以後，下一個有能力主宰世界的強權，那印度則就是在中國之後下一個潛在的強國繼任者。做為毗鄰而居的兩個發展中國家，同時又是新崛起的大國，中、印關係受到全世界的矚目，中、印關係對於區域的發展、穩定，乃至於國際權力結構的變化而言，其重要性更是不言可喻。 長久以來，研究中、美或中、俄等大國關係的文獻可謂汗牛充棟，但對於中、印關係的探討卻沒有相稱的比例。面對美國國力的逐漸衰頹，新興的強權將逐挑戰它既有的霸權地位，而這兩個擁有廣大市場及發展潛力的國家，都剛好有著此般的潛能。在可預見的未來，中、印關係的發展趨勢，必將是重要的研究課題。 面對中國崛起所帶動的區域經貿整合與發展，印度調整了對中國的外交方略，以務實的合作取代長期不友好的競爭關係，並從政治、軍事、經貿甚至逐漸外溢至能（資）源、反恐乃至於氣候變遷等非傳統安全等領域，兩國的合作態勢趨於明朗與頻繁；而就另一方面來看，源自於雙邊互信不足以及結構性矛盾，中、印兩國即使逐步走向合作，但仍舊是競爭關係要較合作關係來的顯著，除了戰略利益上的衝突促使兩國互踏對方的門戶外，美、俄、日等大國間在東亞的競逐，使得中、印間看似的和睦更摻雜了複雜的變數。 鑒於此，本研究嘗試以中國崛起做為背景，希能歸整出中、印兩國在傳統乃至於非傳統安全領域裡，競爭與合作關係的趨勢與消長，並藉由梳理中、印間的競合態勢，預測兩國未來的關係走向。 / Since 1978, China has been on the path of reform and opening-up, accompanied by yearly significant economic growth, as well as fast rising international status. This has enabled China to shed her image as a morbid state since the nineteenth century, and stride toward wealth and prosperity. The concept, “The Rise of China”, has been widely accepted around the globe. But as all eyes are on rising China, India is also a country that has an equally outstanding performance. Supposedly China is the next power capable of dominating the world after the US, then India is the next potential power following the steps of China. China and India, as two adjacent developing countries and rising powerhouses, have the international attention riveted on their relations. It is self-evident that the relations between the two countries is highly important to regional development, regional stability, and even to the structural change of international powers. Over the long term, publications regarding Sino-American relations, and Sino-Russian relations have arguably been abundant. Yet, there is an unproportionally scarce amount of discussion of Sino-Indian relations. With US’s power on the decline, emerging powers will, one after another, challenge US’s current dominance. And the two states, both blessed with a large market and the potential for development, happen to be the potential challengers. In the foreseeable future, the development of Sino-Indian relations will undoubtedly be an important issue for study. Facing the regional economic integration and development brought forth by the rise of China, India has adjusted her diplomatic strategy to China by replacing long-term hostile vying relations with down-to-earth cooperation. The cooperation between the two countries, which has extended from politics, military, economic and trade, to non-traditional security fields such as energy / resources, counter-terrorism, and climate change, has become increasingly clear and frequent. From another aspect, owing to the lack of mutual trust and the structural conflict between the two sides, China and India, though walking toward cooperation, remain more of two competitors than two partners. Aside from territorial invasions caused by the conflict on strategic interest between China and India, the competition in East Asia between world powers such as the US, Russia, and Japan has complicated the seemingly peaceful Sino-Indian relations with uncertainties. Judging from the fact mentioned above, this study attempts to, with the rise of China as the backdrop, sort out the trend as well as the rise and fall of Sino-Indian cooperation in traditional security fields and non-traditional security fields. This study also attempts to predict China and India’s future relations by combing through the cooperation and competition between the two countries.

本論文以守勢現實主義的論點，觀察中共建構「中美新型大國關係」的相關作為，證明中共自冷戰後期以來，是以尋求防禦為主的國家。同時，近年中共領導人提出中美新型大國關係的倡議，符合以「溝通合作」和「維持現況」為主的守勢現實主義論述，以應對美國重返亞太政策，並藉此消除「中國威脅論」與「修昔底德陷阱」的疑慮，為中共創造出安全的國家發展空間。 針對守勢現實主義的論述，本論文設訂「溝通合作」、「維持現況」與「威脅平衡」三個項目，作為驗證中共對美外交政策的指標。同時，分別針對「中美軍事交流」、「南海問題」與「臺灣問題」三個熱點案例予以探討，以中共具體的作為加以驗證。最終發現依據守勢現實主義的觀點，可由先前設定的三個指標，來解釋中共現行推動「中美新型大國關係」的相關作為，符合守勢現實主義的論點。 最後，本文得到的結論是：一、中共推動中美新型大國關係可避免安全困境的發生。二、中共建構中美新型大國關係訴求維持現況的局面。三、中美新型大國關係下的臺灣問題易邊緣化。四、中美新型大國關係下的兩軍關係是未來發展重點。 / This dissertation, based on the arguments of defensive realism, observes China's efforts to construct "a new type of great power relations between China and the United States," and proves that China has been seeking a defense-oriented country since the end of the Cold War. In recent years, the Chinese leaders proposed the new type of great power relations between China and the United States, defensive realism based on "communication and cooperation" and "maintaining the status quo" in response to the United States policy of returning to the Asia-Pacific region and thereby eliminating the "China threat theory" and " Thucydides trap "suspicions for China to create a safe space for national development. In view of defensive realism, this article sets three items of "communication and cooperation", "maintaining the status quo" and "threat balance" as the indicators to verify China's foreign policy toward the United States. Three cases of "Sino-US military exchange", "South China Sea issue" and "Taiwan issue" were explored. Finally, according to the viewpoint of defensive realism, the three indicators set beforehand can be used to explain the relevant current China's efforts to promote the " new type of great power relations ," and to conform to defensive realism. Finally, the conclusion of this article is: First, China's promotion of the relations between the new type of great powers can avoid the security dilemma. Second, the new-type relations between China and the United States appeal to maintain the status quo. Third, the Taiwan issue under the relations between the new big powers of China and the United States is easily marginalized. Fourth, the relations between the two armies under the relations between the new great powers of China and the United States are the focus of future development.

崛起中的中國大陸，對國際政治、經濟秩序而言，是一個日趨重要的影響因素。尤其是對美外交為中共對外政策之主軸，其重要性實不言可喻，深具研究價值。 研究中共對美外交政策，可以發現在政策演變的過程中，其對美政策取向與內涵係因應內外環境的轉變及美中的互動關係而逐漸形成。因此，經由中共美外交政策的系統研究，可進一步掌握其政策思維與運作內涵，正確分析影響其外交政策的要素，以瞭解其發展與演變之脈絡。 基此，本文的研究目的在於： 一、闡明中共外交形成的因素，無論是在宏觀層面，諸如國內外環境因素導致中共外交理論與原則的改變、決策過程機制以及參與程度與範圍之變化；配合微觀層次決策者所起的作用，以檢視中共外交政策內涵，以瞭解其發展與演變。 二、經由中共與美國互動情形，分由政治、經濟、軍事、涉台外交等層面分析雙方關係內涵，以論證中共對美外交政策之發展與特質。 三、由於雙邊關係日趨密切，合作範圍與領域日增，因此經由雙邊互動模式之探討，以展望雙邊關係未來的可能發展。 四、「台灣問題」在雙邊關係的重要性日增，美中關係有可能因為「台灣問題」而面臨嚴峻的挑戰，因此格外值得探討。 經由上述議題之探討，本文歸納了影響美中關係的可能因素，並對政策的持續面與演變面加以探討，最後並提出美中關係未來發展之看法，作為本文之總結。 / China, as a rising power, is a factor with growing impact that affects international politics and economic order. Being at the core of its foreign policy, China’s US policy is of great importance and worth a close look. By examining China’s foreign policy regarding the US, we can find that China shapes the orientation and content of its US policy in accordance with changes in domestic and international circumstances and in US-China interactions. Therefore, by studying China’s US policy systematically, we can further understand its policy reasoning and course of implementation, analyze correctly the influential factors, and hence obtain a clear view of the context of its policy forming. Therefore, the purposes of the article are: 1.To elucidate influences upon China’s foreign policy, including macroscopic aspects such as domestic and international circumstances that caused China’s adjustment in the theory and principles of its foreign policy, and variations in policy-making mechanism and the extent of involvement, along with microscopic aspects such as the impact from policy makers. This is to look into the content of China’s foreign policy in order to acquire a clear picture of its development. 2.Via examining the interactions between China and the US, to analyze the China-US relation from aspects of politics, economy, military and Taiwan affairs. This is to find out the course of development and characteristics of China’s US policy. 3.With links between China and Taiwan growing stronger and scope and fields of collaboration increasing, to anticipate the possible development in cross-strait relations by studying patterns of bilateral interactions. 4.With the “Taiwan Issue” being of growing impact upon bilateral relations, the China-US relations can be serious challenged by the issue, and is therefore worth a close investigation. By exploring the above issues, the article catalogues possible factors that will affect China-US relations, observes the potential continuity and alteration of the policy, and finally concludes with a prospect of future China-US relations.

一、本論文針對冷戰結束以來中國政府對外夥伴關係發展的現況予以研究，欲探討的問題具體言之是「中國以大國外交與戰略夥伴外交關係，邁入二十一世紀，大國外交與戰略夥伴外交的關係。而戰略夥伴外交關係的種類區分、現況為何？中國想藉「戰略夥伴外交關係」達到什麼樣的目的，實際的成效以及面臨的侷限與挑戰」。論文研究途徑嘗試從「新現實主義」角度，採用文獻分析法（Documents Analysis Method）、歷史研究法（Historical Method），思考冷戰後中國如何在國家利益前提下產生外交政策的轉變與運用，並遂行國家外交戰略的制定，如何在國際上建立不同形式的夥伴關係，布局多極化世界格局的大國外交關係以及分析「戰略夥伴外交關係」面臨的侷限與挑戰。 二、後冷戰時代的開展，國際情勢中不確定的因素增加，惟國際社會主角仍是具有實力的大國。鄧小平首先確立了「和平與發展」的時代主題，使中國對其國家利益的內涵以及各項利益的優先順序產生反思作用，確立以「經濟建設」為中心的「改革開放」政策，安全利益重心從生存安全轉向以「經濟安全」。中國認為兩極格局已經被大國構建的國際新秩序和世界新格局取代，中國對世界格局尚未建構完成的看法，驅使其在國際提倡多極化的概念，謀求建立國際體系地位和影響力。藉由大國外交，與世界各國陸續建立戰略性夥伴關係，並從而透過「夥伴關係」的推展，建構外在的和平環境，維護國家利益及促進國家的發展，追求自身綜合國力的提升與壯大。 三、中國的確是想成為大國的，中國欲成為大國，有影響力的大國，國際格局中的一極，首先就必須讓自己有實力。因此，中國選擇建立安全的國內與國際環境，全力發展經濟儲備實力，實力完備後自然能夠維護國家領土的完整以及獲取應有的大國地位。中國具有龐大的需求市場與價廉的勞工，在此條件下中國因勢利導將其戰略夥伴外交關係區分多種層次與類別，結合經濟活動與外交關係的推展，形成有相輔相成與互補作用的環節。可以說經貿關係的發展，為戰略夥伴關係提供了基礎與活力。戰略夥伴關係親密發展，則對經貿關係提供了保障。至於在國家領土完整上，戰略夥伴外交關係的推展發揮相當的力量，其中又以台灣問題的解決中國最為關注。中國國台辦的資料中即指出，「夥伴關係」對抑制台灣當局的務實外交創造了有利的條件。中國須要致力於推動大國外交，藉由戰略夥伴外交關係的外交手法，提升對國際事務的發言權與增加對國際事務的影響力。由其夥伴國家數量的增加顯示夥伴關係是持續在擴展的，而夥伴關係的提升與深化，表示其他大國重視與中國所建立的關係形式與內容，對國際的影響力確實隨著戰略夥伴外交關係的擴展漸漸在增加。 四、中國國力的強大稱之為區域的強權國家已無疑問，在未來有可能成為美國新對手的國家似乎就是中國了，反之中國未來發展最可能的對手亦為美國。中國從國家根本戰略利益出發，在戰略夥伴外交關係的建立過程中逐步構築有利自身發展的國際環境，避免受制於美國所建構的結構力量。前後與三十個國家建立了夥伴關係，除了擴大交往範圍外，亦不斷深化現有的夥伴關係實質內容。其涵蓋範圍可說是全方位的，包括政治、經濟、軍事、科技、教育、文化等方面，其中又以經貿的承諾或同時簽定的經貿協議最具實質性。然除了歐盟、拉丁美洲等國家，中國與周邊其他國家在以往都存在大小不同的衝突，甚至曾經發生過戰爭。中國推展各種夥伴關係的關鍵確係植基於國家利益的基礎上，因此，必須存有共同利益才能維繫雙方關係的持續，否則雙方關係就將會面臨侷限與挑戰。 五、中國推展戰略夥伴外交關係的戰略利益，就是希望透過經濟與外交的兩手策略，一面利用戰略夥伴關係外交手段為經濟發展服務與確保戰略能源的來源，同時又藉由國內市場及經濟實力不斷的提高，增加外交的籌碼維護其國家的主權與領土完整。同樣的，其他國家亦必然是在有利於其國家利益條件下才會選擇與中國發展關係。因此歸結中國與其戰略夥伴國家之間的關係，還是建立於國家利益的基礎上。唯有雙方的「共同利益」大於甚至遠大於彼此間現存的矛盾與分歧，則「求同存異」的模式方可能奏效。可是欲維持共同利益的持續存在，先決條件就是中國必須繼續保持其經濟的發展優勢，不論是在國內市場需求或是人力市場的供需，都能提供他國相當的利益。可是中國的發展與需求，到一定限度後自然會達到飽和，則各國所能獲利的機會自然降低，當各國對預期的利益無法獲得回饋與滿足時，求同存異的現實狀況－矛盾與歧異－將會再度高於共同利益。屆時即使求同存異可能還能夠繼續維持，可是難保不會發生擦槍走火的情形，雙方基於共同利益建立的互信基礎就會立刻面臨考驗。 關鍵字：新現實主義 戰略夥伴外交關係 夥伴關係 大國外交 中俄戰略協作關係

針對外界流傳已久的中國威脅論，中國於2003年底開始推出「和平崛起」論述，主張中國以和平的方式崛起，並且旨在維護和平、以和平為目的。除了基於國際環境給予的動力與壓力之外，中國決策者對中國崛起的自信，以及期望建立一套新的國家發展論述促使和平崛起戰略的出台。中國建立了以和平崛起為目標的國家發展戰略，其中對外建構了一套和平崛起外交戰略，具體落實在大國外交、睦鄰外交、與發展中國家關係及多邊外交上。本研究自中國崛起的背景著手，從國際環境、國家實力與決策者認知理解中國提出和平崛起的原因、目的與特色，並觀察中國相應而生的具體外交作為。最後，本研究指出和平崛起外交戰略面臨到中美權力競逐與矛盾問題、中日安全困境與衝突利益問題、領海與資源爭議以及台灣問題的嚴格考驗。 / This dissertation focuses on the “peaceful rise” argument brought by China in the end of 2003. By contending that China will rise by peace, for peace, and peacefully, the so-called “peaceful rise” argument tried to counter “China threat” argument, which distributed for a long time. The making of China’s “peaceful rise” national strategy is motivated and forced by the international environment. On top of that, the confidence of Chinese decision-makers for a rising China provides power to the formation of the new national strategy as well as the expectation for a new national development discourse. Following the national development strategy which aims at a peacefully rising China, the “peaceful rise” diplomatic strategy was built by a series of concrete foreign policies, including “Big-power diplomacy,” “Good-neighboring diplomacy,” “Relations with developing countries,” and “Multi-lateral diplomacy”. This dissertation starts from the background of a rising China, comprehends the reason, goal and character of China’s “peaceful rise” by international environment, national power, and decision-maker’s cognitive approaches. Moreover, concrete foreign policies accompanying its national strategy are analyzed. Finally, this research finds that the peaceful rise diplomatic strategy needs to deal with certain challenges such as Sino-U.S. power struggle with conflicting issues, Sino-Japan security dilemma with conflicting issues, peripheral territorial sea and land disputes, and last but not least, the Taiwan problem.

一、後冷戰時期的國際情勢，已從軍事對抗進入經濟競爭，區域性的經濟衝突、摩擦，雖未必直接導發戰爭，但卻潛存間接引發戰爭的危機。因此，在中共全面推動改革開放之際，其國防戰略重點考慮因素之一，就是藉強大軍力保證經濟發展必要的和平環境，不僅能保衛領土、主權的完整和統一，同時也能干預鄰近地區發生的任何衝突事件，以減少中共經濟遭到不利之影響；目前決定中共對外政策行為最重要的戰略考量因素，包括中共對「綜合國力」的追求、對國家主權的考量，以及維持共黨政權統治的穩固。 二、就當前國際戰略形勢評估，中共國防戰略之發展動向，可說與未來台海之安全息息相關；面對中共的威脅，如何趨利避禍、掌握敵人的發展動態，俾便有所積極回應，這是本論文最主要的研究目的。 三、從中共國防戰略體系之層級來看，依據中共學者研究史料判斷，應可確定中共現行戰略體系區分為四個層級，第一個層級是國家戰略、第二個層級是國防戰略與核戰略、第三個層級是軍事戰略、第四個層級是軍種戰略與戰區戰略，而國防戰略居於承上啟下的關鍵地位，其內涵包括兩個部份：一部份是現行國防戰略、另一部份是國防發戰戰略。 四、後冷戰時期中共基於「面向現代、面向世界、面向未來」的現實需要，確立「質量建軍、科技強軍」的方向，強調走「有中國特色的精兵主義道路」；隨著中共綜合國力不斷的提升，此一時期的戰略部署，已非阻敵於「國境線」之外，積極調整為「前進防衛戰略」，以確保國家的「綜合安全」，追求國家對外的最大利益；然而，從其政府體制之運作與決策之機制來看，中共面臨內、外部矛盾與衝突之處太多，根本無法有效調和，尤其欠缺政權移轉和平機制的建立，稍一不慎，國無寧日，甚而殃及池魚。 五、中共考量國家利益與目標時，對於基本原則，也就是國家民族尊嚴、領土主權等範疇，絕對沒有妥協餘地，至於其他次要的問題，在策略運用上，則有較大的彈性空間，在兼顧「和平與發展」兩大目標，維持「穩定」，是其行塑「當前安全觀」最主要的考量；大體上，中共新世紀國防戰略目標的發展方向，在軍事上穩定與周邊國家的睦鄰友好關係，在經濟上增強綜合國力的競爭，在政治上避免西方和平演變的影響，並堅持共黨對軍隊的絕對領導，穩固權力核心，全面維護國家利益不受威脅，確維國家的長久生存、安全與永續發展。 六、在研析兩岸國防戰略發展與競合中，吾人可以明白的察知，中共所帶給台灣的威脅，已不僅是在數量上的優勢，且逐漸變化為質的競爭，其特徵包括：一、在陸軍上，中共雖有壓倒性的軍力，但是對於登陸台灣本島的侵犯進攻能力是有限的；二、在海、空軍上，中共在量上是擁有絕對壓倒的軍力，但在質的方面則是台灣暫時居於優勢；三、在飛彈攻擊方面，則是中共擁有將台灣列入射程的飛彈，並大幅增加在台灣對岸的部署；此一趨勢之發展，對台海安全的影響將不僅是軍事面的、更擴及政治、經濟、心理和對外關係等層面。 七、面對新一波新軍事革命的狂潮與衝擊，當對岸的敵人正不斷地在軍事武備及軍事思想上，大幅改造的同時，亦是我新世紀國防軍亟待變革的關鍵時刻，宜對過去傳統攻、守勢的作戰思維或理論，重新予以界定與考量，突破防衛作戰戰略思維的困境，爭取未來戰場剋敵制勝的契機；僅就個人研究體認提出五點因應方案的新思維：(一)摧破大國利益得失的均衡；(二)建構多元化的嚇阻能量；(三)健全三位一體的動員機制；(四)創造軟性技術的決定效應；(五)掌握全面資訊科技的優勢；以此發揮「以小事大」、「以小搏大」的優勢作為。 八、研判中共國防戰略發展未來之走向:(一)擴大國防戰略自衛防禦的意涵；(二)堅持國防建設必須服從國家經濟建設大局；(三)繼續堅持人民戰爭思想與積極防禦的戰略方針；(四)堅持繼續走有中國特色的精兵之路；(五)標榜維護世界和平、反對侵略擴張行為；(六)爭取制海權的掌握，重塑海洋經濟和海上安全的重要；(七)積極準備局部戰爭，爭取區域戰略主制權；(八)加速提高國防科技研發創新，強化軍事威懾效能。 九、不可諱言，中共國防戰略的發展，已從傳統人民戰爭的作戰方式，強調誘敵深入的陸戰殲敵原則、沿岸防禦的內向型海軍建軍方向、及被動、消極的國土防空角色，轉變為為打贏高科技條件人民戰爭的新陸戰原則、強調合成、機動、快速的地空立體概念、走出近海跨向海洋的海權擴張戰略、及凸顯空中邊境新概念之攻防兼備的空權戰略。 十、在合理的戰略考量與思維下，台灣面對中共「以小搏大」的戰略格局，在規畫國家安全架構時，如何以更前瞻性的手段，跳脫傳統上以有形資源的「量」，及無形主觀意圖的「質」，為核心的思維邏輯與決策模式，十分重要； 不論未來兩岸關係能進展到何種程度，國防武力仍是國家安全、生存、發展的必要條件，在兩岸國防戰略構想及目標不一的情況下，如何催化出一個「新而有創意的架構」，來確保海峽兩岸的和平穩定，勿寧是相當受到期待的；「大國事小以仁，小國事大以智」，如何化解雙方的對立、歧見，避免肇生意外衝突事件，以求同存異的精神，理性互動，正考驗著雙方政治領導人高度的政治智慧。

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和平與安全是人類衷心想望的目標。在國際關係理論中，集體安全是 值得努力的制度。唯其需要參與者對組織和其他成員全然的信任和委託才 得以成功地實現。在國際組織的歷史中，國聯與聯合國均以集體安全為手 段，節制衝突、積極合作，期達成和平和安全的理想世界。 冷戰時期 ，美蘇之間的互不信任造成在各方面競爭，企圖尋求優勢以獲安全。安理 會在此種爭奪下，深受內部不和諧、功能不彰之苦，於維持和平的方法上 作因應變化和發展。在戈巴契夫新思維倡導下，冷戰和緩以迄結束，美蘇 由敵對關係轉變成伙伴關係。在彼此信任的基礎上攜手共同維持國際和平 ，安理會維持和平的功能乃日漸提昇。 波斯灣危機中，安理會的運作 乃是部分回歸憲章的集體安全制度。此種經驗雖重燃起國際社會對實施集 體安全的信心和盼望，然其實施卻仍依賴強權國之政治支持意願而定。至 於和平與安全的根本問題則是在人心人性的深處，而少數傑出政治家所能 獨力為之的。

20世紀的80至90年代初期，國際形勢發生劇烈動盪與變化，蘇聯於發生解體、東歐局勢劇變，過去美蘇「兩強對峙」之兩極格局所造成40多年的冷戰終告結束，國際體系由「一超多強」，轉變成多極化方向發展。此時中國在綜合國力發展上也有很大的變化，態勢積極的朝大國關係方向調整，除專注內部發展外，更重視與周邊國家的安全關係。中國知到，一個穩定、和睦的周邊環境，才有利於中國持續性發展，在周邊建立安全與穩定的緩衝帶後，可避免與其他大國發生衝突。因為，有安全的環境，才會有安定的社會，才能全面發展經濟，而維繫這種關係的要件，是安全互需和經濟互利與合作。 「上海合作組織」的前身是建立於1996年的「上海五國」機制，是中蘇兩國關於邊境的雙邊談判，蘇聯崩解後改為「上海五國」雙邊談判，再演變成「上海五國」的多邊會談。不但開啟有關邊境軍事安全的會談協商機制，同時亦開啓了穩定區域安全的多邊關係及區域合作模式。烏茲別克加入後，於2001年6月15日，6國元首共同宣布在「上海五國」機制的基礎上成立「上海合作組織」(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)，並發表「上海合作組織成立宣言」。這是中國第一個促成的多邊組織，也是第一個以中國城市命名的政府間組織，成員國包括中國、俄羅斯、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、塔吉克及烏茲別克等6個國家。 「上海合作組織」創立的首要任務是確保該組織內的和平、安全與穩定，堅決打擊「三股勢力」、毒品及走私等非法交易。並認知當前的國際安全必須建立在各國平等、互信、互利及合作的基礎上，藉由每年定期舉行的元首峰會、總理會議、外交部長會議及不定期舉行的國家協調員會議、各部門領導人會議形成組織運作機制。而位於北京的秘書處及塔什干的地區反恐機構，這兩個常設機構的設立，使上海合作組織朝向更寬廣的方向邁進。本篇論文試圖瞭解冷戰終止及美國「911」恐怖攻擊事件發生後，「上海合作組織」運作與發展方向，直接或間接影響區域經濟及軍事安全的程度為何?另外，就「上海合作組織」與其他大國或國際組織的關係，對全球戰略所產生的影響為何?尤其是中國、美國、日本與俄羅斯的多方戰略關係的發展，非常值得予以持續觀注。 / 1980 to early 1990s, the international system develops from " one superpower and several powers " into a multi-polar direction due to severe turbulences and changes of the international situation, the disintegration of Soviet Union and the drastic changes of Eastern Europe, and the end of the 40-years Cold War which caused by the "a two-confrontation" bipolar situation between U.S.A and the Soviet Union in the past. At this point, there are also great changes in China’s the overall national development, For instance, a positive trend towards big power relations reorientation. Except to focus on internal development, China places more importance on security relations with neighboring countries. China knows that a stable, harmonious surrounding is conducive to China's sustainable development. To establish security and stability buffer zone in the surrounding can avoid conflict with other powers. Since a secure environment is the key to a stable society and a fully develop economic while interdependence and cooperation of security need and economic benefit is the essential element of maintaining this relationship. "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" develops from the "Shanghai Five" mechanism which established in 1996. It was the Sino-Soviet bilateral talks about border between the two countries, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became the "Shanghai Five" bilateral negotiations which is followed into the "Shanghai Five State "in multilateral talks. This development not only opened consultation mechanism talks on the border military security, also opened a stable regional security, multilateral relations, and regional cooperation. After Uzbekistan joined in June 15, 2001, six heads of state announced the establishment of the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" which based on the "Shanghai Five" mechanism and issued a "Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organization." This is the first multilateral organization which promoted by China and is the first intergovernmental organization in the name of Chinese city. The member States includes China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and other six countries. The first and foremost task of "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" is to ensure peace, security and stability of the organization, and resolutely combat the "three forces", drugs, smuggling and other illegal transactions. And to aware that the current international security must be based on national equality, mutual trust, mutual benefit and cooperation. By holding annual heads of states summit meeting, Prime Ministers meeting, Foreign Ministers meeting, and occasional meetings of national coordinators, leaders of various departments to form the operating mechanism of organizations. The establishments of two permanent organizations, the Secretariat in Beijing and the 4 regional anti-terrorism agency in Tashkent, lead the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to move towards a broader direction. This paper attempts to find out the operation and development direction of the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" after the end of Cold War and "911" terrorist attacks in the United States, and the degree of how does this directly or indirectly affect the regional economic and military security so far? In addition, what is the impact that the relationships of the"Shanghai Cooperation Organization" between other major countries or international organizations affects on global strategic? Especially the development of multi-strategic relations between China, the United States, Japan and Russia, is very worthwhile continuing being concerned. Keywords：Shanghai Cooperation Organization, economic security, military security, Central Asia, relations among major powers

冷戰結束後，中共在亞太地區及全球安全戰略格局中的地位逐漸上升。時空際會，當今國際秩序與全球化正值發展階段，因而出現一個有利於中共改善與周邊國家關係的國際環境，並提供一個穩定周邊良好的機遇。邁入21世紀之初，中共在第四代領導人集體審時度勢下，調整了對外政策，以「大國外交」與「睦鄰外交」為重要的外交戰略，在外交理念上堅持以互相信任為基礎，長期穩定為前提，睦鄰友好為保障，全面合作是紐帶，共同發展繁榮為目標，致力於大國及周邊國家的合作友好關係建立。 中共在「十六大」政治報告後，將「大國外交」與「睦鄰外交」列為對外關係的重要戰略。除運用元首出訪、經貿交流、軍事交流等外交作為，與美、俄、日、歐盟及印度等主要大國及周邊重要國家建立友好關係與傳統外交外，並積極參與或主導有關政治、經濟、軍事等具全球性議題的雙邊或多邊組織，以展現其對國際社會善盡義務，藉以塑造為體系中「負責任大國」與「睦鄰、安鄰、富鄰」友好鄰國之形象。 　 2003年中共胡溫領導人掌權後，在遂行「大國外交」、「睦鄰外交」時，係採取「韜光養晦、有所作為」具體行動，並倡議「新安全觀」、「和平發展」、「和諧世界」、「國際關係民主化」的外交理念，並強調「不對抗、不結盟、不針對三者」主張，逐步融入國際體系，積極從事國家經濟建設，以期與主要大國與周邊國家建構「平等、協作、互信、互利」的合作夥伴關係，目的就在創造一個安全、穩定的國際與周邊環境。 中共總體外交戰略是在謀求國家利益發展戰略，進而轉向與世界謀求共同發展與安全戰略。此一戰略轉變，是以經濟利益與區域安全為基點，以積極參與國際事務、加強國際合作為途徑，以拓展國家戰略利益、發揮負責任大國作用為目標。自胡溫掌政後即積極與世界各主要大國與鄰近重要國家建立戰略性協作夥伴關係，目前與中共建立戰略夥伴關係的國家共有30個國家，從中共積極推動「大國外交」與「睦鄰外交」之戰略與手段觀察，事實上我們不難發現其為何一直在積極維護和創造有利於現代化的國際與周邊環境，並企圖拓展國家戰略利益的範圍和空間，不斷地擴大在國際間地位與影響力之目的所在。 關鍵字：大國外交、睦鄰外交戰略、新安全觀、和平崛起、和諧世界 / After the cold war, China is gradually gaining a raising status of military strategic position in the Asia-Pacific region as well as in global layout. International order and Globalization is at its developing phase, thus forming a advantageous circumstance for Chinese government to enhance its foreign affair status with surrounding countries also providing a chance to stabilize regional diplomatic pressure. In the beginning of 21st centry, 4th generation leaders of Chinese government carefully evaluated situations and adjusted their diplomatic policies, focusing their diplomatic strategies on foreign affair with powerful nations and surrounding countries, insisting their foreign policy to be based on trust with views of long-term balance. With the objectives of mutual growth, china is dedicated to build amicable relation with powerful and surrounding countries by bonding full collaboration and assured partnership. After the 16th Congress political report, china listed “Big-Power Diplomacy” and “Good-Neighborly Diplomacy” as their major foreign affair strategy. Besides building friendly relation and applying traditional foreign tactics with major nations such as USA, Russia, Japan, EU, and India, China’s foreign tactics also includes financial and military collaboration, visiting friendly soil by country leader(s), etc. China also actively leads and/or joins associtions/organizations with concern of global issues regarding political, economical, and military importance, in attempt to demonstrate the image of a powerful nation and to establish the good-neighborly figure in the international society. China’s overall foreign affair strategy is focused on gaining national benefits and later seeks global growth collaboration and international security. This change of strategy is based on considerations of economical benefits and regional security, achieved by actively attending international events, with clear objectives of expanding maximum strategical gain and developing the representation of an accountable country. Governor Hu and governor Wen had been actively building strategic partnership with major nations and vicinal countries. At present, there are 30 countries having strategic partnership with Chinese government. Examining china’s strategic means and diplomatic tactics, one can obviously notice how china is aggressively maintain and further create the circumstance which is most beneficial for extending its national strategic space and range, thus accomplish its goal of raised international influence. Key word：Big-power Diplomacy、Good-Neighborly Diplomacy、New Security View、Peaceful Rise、Harmonize the world