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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

創新能耐對於OEM轉型ODM導向企業之影響 - 技術領導與競爭優勢之個案研究 / The influence of innovative capability on OEM transfer to ODM-oriented enterprises - a research on leading technology and advantage competition

宋子喬 Unknown Date (has links)
現今,產業競爭已轉變成全球性的競爭,台灣代工企業與國際知名品牌企業、高科技產業存在著“共存共榮”的臍帶關係,台灣代工企業必須不斷提本身之高度競爭力以維繫其不可取代之地位,否則即面臨客戶轉單、甚或被淘汰之命運。各代工企業不僅要在其生產技術上需保持領先的地位,更需在競爭策略上尋求轉型升級與技術創新,以避免被競爭者所取代,並擺脫製造代工的微利競爭;因此,當今代工企業的風險在於持續的創新能力,雖說早期代工企業僅需專注於代工製造,但隨著產品的大量生產與使用規格之統一,加上資訊之普及與快速,技術能力漸趨一致,不再是高門檻難以跨越,導致市場競爭就愈形激烈。代工企業不能只憑一招半式獨闖江湖,代工企業成長獲利的關鍵,不只在於成本管理或者製程改善,更在於敏銳的市場預測能力與核心競爭力,而從各種明確之例証顯示,創新能耐之建立更是長治久安不可或缺之主要成功因素;宏達電從為世界知名手機品牌製造代工高階智慧型手機起家,進而轉型至設計代工,一直到自創Dopod品牌,接著又將品牌重新命名為HTC;華碩電腦(ASUS)從為世界PCB 製造代工(OEM),進而轉型至設計代工(ODM),一直到2007年成功開發” Eee PC “ Netbook (小筆電),並於2010 年與和碩(PEGATRON)分家,和碩(PEGATRON)代工企業與華碩電腦(ASUS)品牌經營正式分道揚鑣;這種種跡象充分顯示為唯有建立創新能耐才能尋找出核心競爭能耐的方向及重點,也才能決定企業在產業價值鏈的位置與所從事的價值活動。 企業從製造代工經營模式進入設計代工經營模式,在逐步接手研發價值活動後,設計代工經營模式開始投入自主研發,其目的在於提供品牌企業客戶更具競爭力之有效創新方案,並與品牌企業客戶取得充分分工之夥伴關係;因此透過研究個案公司的轉型歷程,探討面對詭譎多變的大時代,企業如何藉由建立自我創新能耐,進而建立自我核心能耐,從製造代工經營模式轉型升級設計代工經營模式,也藉由其經營績效的表現,來驗證轉型升級的策略所帶給企業的實質利益,最後對企業提出當面臨轉型升級時之具體建議,以作為其他面臨經營困境的製造代工企業之參考。 / Today, competition has turned into a global competition, the Taiwanese OEM companies with international famous brand enterprises, high-tech industries there is a deeply relationship of "living together", the Taiwan OEM companies must be constantly enhancing their competitiveness in order to maintain they valuable position that its status can not be replaced, otherwise face the status of cancel the order by customer, or even the fate of being eliminated. The business of OEM was not only in its production technology to keep the leading position, but also need to seek the transformation and upgrading of competitive strategy and technological innovation, in order to avoid being replaced by competitors, and get rid of low-profit competition; therefore, today's risk of OEM business rely on the continuous innovation capability, although early OEM business only needs focused on manufacturing, but as a large number of production run and use specifications of unity, plus information on popular and fast, and specifications become more standardized, it’s no longer a high thresholds and can’t pass through, resulting in the market competition is increasingly fierce. OEM business cannot only rely on go it alone, meant that the OEM business key profit enterprise growth is not only to improve cost management, or process, but also to keep a keen market prediction capabilities and core competencies, and examples from a variety of shows that innovation is the ability to establish long-term stability indispensable primary success factors; HTC from the world famous OEM business of high-end smart phones started, and then transferred to a ODM business, has been to own Dopod brand, and subsequently the brand re-named the HTC; ASUS Computer from PCB OEM in the world, and then transferred to ODM business, has been successfully developed "Eee PC" Netbook (mini Notebook) in 2007, and it was separated PEGATRON (ODM) and ASUS in 2010, PEGATRON officially parted ways with ASUS brand management; these signs appear only when you full build innovation ability to find out the core competitive ability of the direction and focus, you can also decide your positioning and activities in the value-chain of enterprise. When OEM model transfer to ODM model, and gradually took over the value activities in the R&D (Research and Development), the ODM model started independent research and development, which aims to provide brand enterprises more competitive. effective and innovative solutions, and set up the good partnerships with brands companies; therefore, through the case study, and face the challenge era, how to build self innovation by popularity, and establish core competency, from OEM model transfer to ODM model, but also put to the proof of its operating performance, to verify the transformation and upgrading policy that can make a profit of enterprise, and finally provide specific suggestions to enterprises when face on transformation and upgrading situations, I hope it also can be for reference to other OEM companies that they are facing difficulties.
12

OEM/ODM/OBM模式在台灣工業電腦的適用性

卓永進, Cho,Yung-Chin Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,台灣工業電腦表現突出,產值幾乎年年提升,在台灣資訊硬體產業中是異軍突起的產業。但事實上台灣的工業電腦產業的產值並不大,不到台灣資訊硬體產業的百分之二,是屬於一種利基型的產業,故至目前為止,毛利都還是相當高,約在30%~40%之間。但毛利高卻並未引起飽受低毛利之苦的國內資訊硬體大廠的垂涎,這與其產業的特性及文化有相當大的關係。 此外,台灣資訊電子工業是以代工模式起家,發展至目前全球第三大產值的規模,也有自創品牌;而台灣工業電腦產業也思循者類似的軌跡發展,但因產業特性有不同,故在業務模式的發展上有所差異。本研究探討下列議題:(1)工業電腦產業的特性(2)OEM/ODM/OBM業務模式特性,以瞭解何種業務模式較適用在台灣的工業電腦產業。 本研究藉由探討工業電腦產業的特性為基礎,再經由對OEM/ODM/OBM模式的業務特性之研究,輔以對國內上市上櫃的工業電腦廠商深度訪談,以了解台灣工業電腦在OEM/ODM/OBM三種業務模式的適用性。工業電腦的特性為少量多樣、密集的售後技術支援、長期供貨及應用在嚴苛的環境;而在業務模式方面,OEM模式基本上是廠商提供產能及生產技術,因目前台灣資訊電子工業生產技術普遍成熟,故附加價值不大,廠商需要靠規模經濟以降低製造成本,但此與工業電腦的應用市場為利基型市場,講求少量多樣的特性不符合;且如研發設計與製造生產分由不同公司負責時,交易成本會增加,故OEM模式不適用於台灣工業電腦廠商;ODM模式的研發與製造為同一廠商,對於講求產品需高度穩定性及需密集後續技術支援的工業電腦產品而言,可提供買主較為可靠的選擇,且工業電腦的應用市場多而分歧,亟需要具有研發實力的供應商針對不同的應用而設計出不同的產品;而對於台灣工業電腦廠商而言,由於提供了研發設計的部分,附加價值較高;故ODM模式對於台灣工業電腦廠商是具有相當的適用性。任何性質的產品想要獲得更豐厚的利潤或顧客忠誠度,抑或是市場佔有率的提升,除了獨占或技術專利之外,都必需走向品牌之路,工業電腦產業亦是如此,故對於工業電腦廠商來說,建立品牌有助於本身的發展;而對於買主而言,品牌代表可信任,代表產品具有相當的可信度,而這正是工業電腦產品市場所最重視的特質之一;故OBM模式在工業電腦是可以適用的。
13

從經濟觀點論審計人員與委託人之契約關係

王蘭芬, WANG, LAN-FEN Unknown Date (has links)
本文係就有關審計契約問題之期刊及文獻從事學理上之介紹與探討。由於現行專業人 員的職業道德觀念中,強調財務利益對專業人員操寸與獨立性可能產生不利的負面效 果。因此如何在契約關係與計價問題間取得適當的調適,即是本文之研究動機。 本文之內容乃強調審計功能在恣理理論中的價值,並就各種經濟因素影響下,介紹契 約關係的建立與計價模式的產生。以期藉審計契約的成立,在個體方面使契約的現有 與潛在之相關人士獲得最大利益;在總體方面使整個經濟社會有限的資源作最佳之分 配。
14

農地委託經營之研究

邱大展, Qiu, Dai-Zhan Unknown Date (has links)
台灣近年來由於工商業的迅速發展,帶動了整體經濟的成長,但在農業方面,則發 展速度相對的落後,因而產生了一連串問題,表現在農地利用方面的有:1.農地廢 耕,2.農地利用的租放化,3.農地細分,4.農地轉用……這些問題的解決方法很多 ,但鑑於以往土地改革,對農業發展所具之重大功效,因而各界感盼望以農地政策 的改革,作為解決現階段農業問題的手段之一,綜合各界意見農地政策的改革是以 共同經營,委託經營和合作農場,代耕制度四種方法為主,惟迄今仍未有人對農地 委託經營作深入研究,此為本論文之研究動機。 基本上,本人認為:1.農地委託經營可以不打破傳統之所有權的偏好,避免現行租 佃法律,而擴大農場經營規模,2.委託經營可以提高農業投入因素的生產效率,降 低成本,增加農民所得,3.可以促進廢耕地的利用,4.可以促進農業人口轉移到非 農業。 將了解上述問題乃由全省十五個縣中選出十五個鄉鎮實際調查訪問了六○○戶農家 ,其中一般農戶三九○戶,委託農戶一二○戶,受委託農戶九○戶以收集一級資料 ,以求印證前述之假設。 本論文各章探討問題如下: 第一章 緒論包括研究動機、研究範圍、研究方法。 第二章 農地委託經營產生之背景及理論。 第三章 台灣農地委託經營的實際現況。 第四章 委託經營在法律上之性質。 第五章 委託經營和擴大農場規模,促進農地利用之關係。 第六章 台灣農民對委託經營之意見及遭遇的困難。 第七章 結論及建議。
15

全權委託投資業務法律關係之研究-以政府基金國外委託經營業務為中心

曾乃康, Tzeng, Nang Kang Unknown Date (has links)
各政府基金均持續在進行國外委託投資業務之計畫,有關於全權委託之研究,以往法界先進的論述,多以國內全權委託業務為重心,較乏以國外委託經營業務角度出發,本文除對退撫基金國外委託經營業務之架構予以分析外,與國內委託經營業務架構之差異處亦在討論之列,為控管法律風險,並探究退撫基金國外委託投資契約及國外委託保管契約之法律關係,至該二契約與國際資產管理實務間所產生之問題亦為本文所擬探討,希望藉由本論文,能對國外委託經營業務法律關係之釐清、定位有所助益。另就與國外受託投資機構與受託保管機構間,論述分析機構法人應有之法務控管,以期在完善控管法律風險之餘,亦能兼顧國際實務之需求,並就相關合約提出修正建議。
16

臨床試驗委託研究機構價值單元、資源優勢、與策略之個案研究 / A case study of value units, resource advantages, and strategy in a contract research organization

黎西涵 Unknown Date (has links)
2010 年全球藥品銷售額約8800 億美金,並預估未來五年內,全球藥品市場規模可再成長3000 億美元,龐大的市場吸引許多生技製藥公司積極投入新藥的開發,但是製藥與審批程序日趨複雜,因此新藥上市必須仰賴專業分工。本研究臨床試驗委託研究機構,由於其提供生技製藥業臨床試驗研究支援,可加速新藥上市時程,是新藥開發價值鏈重要環節。 台灣的臨床試驗委託研究機構自 1996 年至今,歷經產業環境從導入期進入成長期之外部環境變化快速,本研究採用個案研究法,以深入訪談、觀察等方式探討企業如何因應外部環境不斷調整策略方向,如何設計價值單元以及具備哪些內部及外部資源優勢,並據此提出未來實務建議。依據本研究提出的三個研究問題,經個案研究結果分析所得結論如下: 一、 台灣臨床試驗委託研究機構產業環境變化,主要來自兩大因素:各國競爭及科技發展、成本考量造成的全球位移趨勢,以及臨床試驗相關法規的變更。因此策略方向初期以國內學名藥業務作為主力,隨著亞太區、生技醫藥技術發展與政府輔導等因素,策略轉向新藥開發臨床試驗的國際案件,並以策略聯盟方式加快開發業務速度。長期策略方向則是持續佈局國際市場並建立新的技術平台。 二、 臨床試驗委託研究機構以九項價值單元組合完成嚴謹的臨床試驗經營流程,包括「業務開發」、「法規諮詢」、「專案管理」、「醫學撰寫」、「臨床監測」、「專業檢驗」、「資料管理」、「統計分析」、「結案報告」。不同階段的臨床試驗程序可能整合在同一價值單元,以創造最終價值。 三、 各項價值單元之內部、外部資源分析結果顯示,臨床試驗委託研究機構歷經產業環境變化與策略調整,累積資源形成現有實體設備、關係、人力與經驗,可提供國際新藥開發臨床試驗案件服務,為企業策略發展基礎。 / In 2010, global pharmaceutical sales is estimated to reach 880 billion US dollars and the market is expected to expand 300 billion US dollars further within 5 years. Such a huge market has attracted many bio-pharmaceutical companies to invest their assets in new drug research and development (ND R&D). However, the procedure of new drug production and application is getting more and more complicated, thus it depends on professional services to assist launching new drugs. A contract research organization, also called a clinical research organization (CRO), is an organization that provides support to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the form of outsourced pharmaceutical research services to speed up launch timeline, and has played an important role in ND R&D value chain. Taiwan CRO industrial environment has went through from introduction period to growing period since 1996. External environment changes rapidly. This study adopts case study method, by in-depth interviews, observation etc. to explore how CRO companies continue to adjust strategy in response to the external environment, how to design value units and what internal and external resource advantages they have. The study also proposes future practice recommendations for CRO companies based on the results. To answer three research questions, the study result is concluded as follows: 1. Taiwan CRO industry environment changes mainly from two factors: one is global displacement trend attributed to international competition, technology and cost. The other is changes in laws and regulations related to clinical trials. Therefore, the initial strategic direction focused on the domestic generic drug business. With the Asia Pacific biotechnology development and government guidance etc., it shifted to new drug international cases and strategic alliances. Long-term strategic direction is to focus on international market and to establish new technology platforms. 2. Taiwan CRO uses 9 value units to constitute whole management process of clinical trials. These value units include: "sales development", "regulatory consulting", "project management", "medical writing", "clinical monitoring", "sample testing", "data management", "statistical analysis" and “final report". Different stages of clinical trial procedures may be integrated in the same value unit, in order to create the ultimate value. 3. All value units’ internal and external resource analysis shows that Taiwan CRO accumulated resources such as physical facilities, relationships, human resources and experiences through industrial environment changes and strategy adjustment. These resources enable Taiwan CRO to provide new drug development services for international cases and this ability eventually became the foundation of corporate strategy.
17

保本型態投資組合之最適資產配置 / Optimal Portfolio Management With Downside Risk Control

劉柔妍, Liu, Jou Yen Unknown Date (has links)
2008年金融海嘯、2011歐債危機等,皆對台灣經濟產生嚴重的損失。壽險業經營關乎保戶之未來,應更加重視壽險業經營穩健性,故本研究期望找尋適當的保本投資策略,期望增加壽險業的投資選擇,提供穩定且合理的獲利。 引用Cai et al. (2013)之保護下檔風險之最適投資策略模型,將資產配置視為無風險性資產與購買一個歐式買權,此歐式買權可藉由市場可交易之標的複製,最低績效標準為執行價(Strike Price)、距離到期日天數為買權到期日(Expiry Date)。本研究亦(1)比較不同利率市場下,保護下檔風險之最適投資策略、CPPI與TIPP之投資績效與保本效果;與(2)不同下檔風險容忍度、(3)不同風險權益市場下,經理人之投資決策與投資績效。 本研究發現(1)保護下檔風險之最適投資策略於高利率市場與一般利率市場下,彈性最高且整體獲利高、波動小;而TIPP因投資策略相當保守,於低利率市場下獲利及保本效果為三者最好。(2)當委託人改變契約,下檔風險容忍度降低時,經理人增加股票型基金部位,並拉長投資期間以提高績效。適當降低下檔風險容忍度,有助於使風險趨避經理人追逐風險。(3)面對環境快速變遷,探討不同風險權益市場對經理人績效之影響,發現於高風險權益資本市場下,面對績效壓力,將採用放空債券與增加股票部位並行的投資策略,造成財富波動大且績效降低。於低權益市場則是債券為主要標的,投資績效較為穩定。委託人可視不同狀況及早訂定委託契約,降低財富波動。
18

選擇權交易市場當日有效策略交易撮合處理機制方法之研究 / The research of matching mechanism of intraday strategy trading in the options market

田振湘, Tien,Chen Hsiang Unknown Date (has links)
藉由提供多樣式委託提供交易人直接反應各月份合約價格關係的管道,促進市場活絡, 滿足本國選擇權市場交易人的策略交易需求,增加交易誘因,有關選擇權當日有效策略交易就系統之影響及相關配套措施提出建議以利系統設計之參考及進一步研究跨市場或更複雜之策略交易研究之參考。
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我國股東會電子化之成效及委託書制度對企業經營權競爭之影響-以國票金與開發金為個案 / Future prospect for electronic proxy in accordance with the influence of corporate governance

王貴增, Wang, Kuei Tseng Unknown Date (has links)
由國內相關研究來看,探討委託書之相關議題,如委託書對於股東的財富影響、委託書所造成之案例等研究,其資料頗為豐富,是一個多實證研究及多社會興趣的主題,且近年來,有關委託書徵求所引發之經營權爭議亦是層出不窮。故本論文主要乃將偏向為國內委託書制度尚可以改善之方向進行探討,將以我國委託書制度與國外制度之比較之差異及可以參酌改進之地方做一論述。另發現針對近年來國內興起股東會電子化之規範及成效研究部份更是微乎其微,是故亦將股東會電子化之成效研究納入本論文主軸,期待以提供一個簡單、便利、安全及隱密的電子平台,使投資人的意見可充分反應,亦無遭篡改之虞,亦可使國內近年來委託書之爭議有所改善,再輔以近年來較具爭議之委託書競爭行為分析,以說明委託書之規範若不嚴謹時將對小股東造成之損害。 / During these few years, proxy has been a tool to manipulate the outcome of hostile takeover. In this thesis wet want to evaluate the possibility of implementing electronic voting for proxy and comparing different proxy regulation of other developed countries. The main reason for implementing electronic vote and advantages will be explained in the thesis and the after effect will also be discussed.
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勞動檢查自主管理面對之道德風險:以臺北市營造工地自主管理策略聯盟為例 / Moral hazard behind Self-management policy of labor inspection:A case study on strategic alliances of Self-management of construction sites in Taipei city

余建中, Yu, Chien Chung Unknown Date (has links)
臺北市勞動檢查處為配合近年來「宣導、檢查、輔導」三合一策略提升防災效能,自民國87年開始將檢查業務部分轉換為「自主管理」模式,並將臺北市的營建工地分級管理,依不同等級有不同的自主檢查頻率,並派員實施不同程度的稽查。 依相關自主管理計畫的規定,若某營造廠加入計畫獲得「優等」或「特優級」的認證標章,除非發生災害、遇專案檢查及市民檢舉等情形外,檢查員不主動前往實施勞動檢查,但仍由機關中技正層級以上人員組成機動小組,不定期以輔導方式實施督導;所以該營造廠只要依規定之檢查流程及制式表格填寫按時回報,就幾乎不受規範所拘束。 但是近年參加自主管理計畫的營造工地發生職業災害的頻率,並未如預期下降,不符機關績效目標;因此,本研究重點在探究勞動檢查運用自主管理政策工具績效不佳的原因,是否這些營造廠的工地在申請獲得「優等」或「特優級」認證後,負責職業安全衛生工作的人員或主管,其責任及權限的移轉後造成行為與態度轉趨鬆懈? 研究結果發現在實施自主管理計畫後,在營造廠中依不同的層次有不同的結果,部分負責人確實發生了道德風險(Moral Hazard)行為,而負責職業安全衛生工作的人員,礙於利潤及工期等眾多因素,鬆懈了安全衛生工作,部份發生了道德風險行為,致未達組織預設的目標。 / Taipei Labor Inspection Office adopted a strategy that combined advocacy, inspection and counseling to enhance the effectiveness of occupational hazards prevention. Since 1998, it began to change the policy from “inspection strengthening” to “self-management”. With hierarchical management of the construction sites in Taipei according to this strategy, construction sites of different levels have different inspection frequency and different degrees of inspection. In accordance with the self-management program, if an construction site in Taipei who joined this program obtains "excellent" or "Premium Class" certification, unless occupational accident happened, or special inspection project is launched, or citizens report, or other dangerous situations occur, the inspection personnels will not do labor inspection, but will still occasionally provide unscheduled counseling by official chief. As long as the construction company fills out the report form on time according to the program of the standard inspection flow, this company is nearly unregulated. But the occupational accident rate of those sites who applied to self-management program did not fall as expected, it does not achieve the goal as set by official performance indicators; therefore, this study aims to explore the reasons why those sites who obtain "excellent" or "Premium Class" certification, have shown that their behaviors and attitudes toward occupational safety and workers’ health have become more lax after joining the program? This study found that after the implementation of self-management program, moral hazard behaviors occur in different hierarchical levels of organizations. Construction company’s directors do show moral hazard behavior, while those in charge of occupational safety and health work, some do have moral hazard behavior, out of profit motive and time concern of the construction project among many other factors. All together explains why this self-management program does not achieve the goal set by official performance indicators.

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