京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17870号 / 工博第3779号 / 新制||工||1578(附属図書館) / 30690 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 河野 広隆, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

我國的民生主義經濟建設經三十多年的努力，已有相當成就並贏得「新興工業國」之 稱。本篇論文即在對國軍退除役官兵在我國經濟建設中的貢獻作一初步探討，並提出 未來的展望和建議。全文共分五章，約五萬字。第一章緒論。第二章國軍退除役官兵 輔導委員會生產事業機構的演變。第三章國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會生產事業機構對 我國經濟建設的貢獻。第五章結論，綜合前面的分析作一總結，並提出未來的展望和 初步的建議。

2010年前，台灣經濟蓬勃發展而帶動了房地產業興盛，台灣房地產在市場上的價格不斷攀升，導致社會普遍關注，為了防止房地產業泡沫化、抑制高房價，政府單位採取了一連串的打房政策，期望這些措施能夠平穩市場上的價格、緩和房價上漲趨勢。政府相關單位在2011年後積極推出因應政策，例如實施課徵奢侈稅、房價實價登錄等等，願房地產業能夠朝著明朗、有條不紊的方向前進。實施這些政策必定會嚴重衝擊到房地產業，房地產業正在經歷嚴格考驗，面對重重困境，建設公司應該如何進行轉型？不動產開發商業同業公會又應該扮演什麼樣的角色？ 　　本研究欲透過文獻分析與市場資料，探討在政府打房政策下，建設公司要如何因應環境而做出轉型。根據研究結果顯示：市場經濟趨勢的改變、避免房地產業所帶來的風險，建設公司能以漸進的方式來做轉型，像是可以併購飯店、投資新建飯店，避開市場瓶頸以創造現金流。不動產開發商業同業公會陪伴建設公司歷經景氣的高峰與谷底，竭盡幫助建設公司面對困境。面對環境的趨勢、法令的變動，不動產開發商業同業公會必須隨時掌握即時資訊，加強監測與分析預警，做好前瞻性的工作，且扮演著與政府協調溝通的角色，地位顯的更相形重要，另外，適時地輔佐各建設公司，凝聚同業力量，亦能使不動產開發商業同業公會更加成長與茁壯。 / Taiwan's booming economy led to the prosperity of the real estate market before 2010. Prices for real estate in Taiwan's market continue to rise, leading to widespread social concern. In order to prevent the burst of real estate bubbles and restrain the effect of high prices, the government adopted a series of housing policies, hoping these measures could stabilize market prices and ease the upward trend of housing prices. 　　Relevant government units then actively introduced responsive policies after 2011, such as the imposition of the luxury tax, and the implementation of registering the actual selling price of real estate, etc., in the hopes that the real estate industry would be clear and methodical in the future. The implementation of these policies will certainly be a serious assault on the real estate industry. While the real estate industry is undergoing severe challenges and facing many difficulties, how the construction companies should transform, and what role the Real Estate Development Association should play are of particular concern. 　　Through citation analysis and market data, this study discusses how the construction companies should transform in response to a changing environment. According to the research result, in the face of changing market economic trends and the risks posed by the real estate industry, construction companies could transform in a progressive way. By merging with hotels and investing in newly-built hotels, they could avoid the bottleneck of the market and generate cash flow. The Real Estate Development Association accompanied the construction companies through both the peak and bottom of prosperity, doing its best to help construction companies face difficulties. 　　Faced with the trends of this environment, as well as changes in the laws and decrees, the Real Estate Development Association must keep abreast of real-time information, reinforce monitoring and pre-warning analysis. It must perform proactively and play a coordinative and communicative role with the government, as it seems relatively more important. In addition, it must assist each construction company duly, not only to build cohesion within this industry, but also to enable the Real Estate Development Association to grow and prosper even more.

建築投資產業一向被視為內需之火車頭工業及國家經濟建設之基礎，而當中主導土地開發經營策略之建設公司更是重要關鍵。鑑於建築投資產業受政府政策與景氣影響甚鉅，建設公司亦投入BOT開發案之商場經營，以追求營收及獲利之穩定。因此本研究以司徒達賢(2016)之策略矩陣分析法，探討建設公司對於BOT開發案之商場經營策略分析。採個案研究法，說明以個案公司為主體的建設營造集團投入之兩個BOT開發之商場經營案例，針對下列研究問題進行分析，包括：(一)個案公司屬於營建產業，其主要經營策略有哪些？策略背後意義為何？(二)個案公司投入BOT開發案之商場經營其策略、目標、環境前提及條件前提為何？(三)個案公司入BOT/OT商場經營策略其執行之組織部門及績效指標為何？本研究透過公開資料及文獻等次級資料之收集，參與式觀察及與個案公司相關主管面對面訪談等初級資料之收集。 本研究結論歸納個案公司之五大經營策略，分別是「差異化策略–建立國內營建產業技術及服務之標竿企業形象」、「集中化策略」、「私人土地開發策略」、「多角化策略–以對於BOT等公辦開發案之競爭優勢投入商場經營」、「擴張策略–追求CITYLINK商場規模經濟及提升品牌形象策略」。藉由策略模組及策略矩陣分析圖的繪製，描述個案公司之五大策略及策略背後的意義。並說明策略對應之目標、環境前提及條件前提，以及歸納整理個案公司在投入BOT商場經營所對應執行之各部門組織及相關績效指標，最後提出個案公司在總體策略及事業策略之重要意涵。期能藉由本研究個案分析，在理論面強化策略矩陣分析之應用，在實務面則提出對於建設公司投入BOT商場經營在策略管理實務運作上的參考。

全文主要以新疆資源之豐富為出發點，估算其儲存量，檢討過去開發之偏差，設計未 來可行之開發途徑，並配合實業建設作正確之開發選擇。 第一章緒論，以環境中資源可能配合存在之地理特性及本文命題意義與範圍及開發條 件等作為論文之說明。 第二章估算全疆各種工業資源存量與前途。 第三章檢討自秦漢至今之資源開發史。 第四章配合開發條件之設立及各種工業資源之獨特性與需求性而設計工業資源開發之 取向。 第五章以實業建設之配合為工業資源開發之最終手段，並綜合分析工業資源開發整體 ，以作為結論。

本論文內容概要如下： 前言，敘及本人撰寫此論文之動機及所懷抱之希望。對梁漱 與鄉建運動的關係有 所闡述。 第一章內分三節，分別從背景、誕生、擴展三方面探討整個鄉建運動的概略，以明 瞭梁漱 在其中所居之地位。 第二章內分三節，敘述梁氏早年生涯，並探討其青年時期思想沈潛演變之經過，從 環境、教育、性格、交友等層面瞭解梁氏投身鄉建事業的關鍵所在。 第三章內分四節，第節敘述與梁氏鄉建事業有關的一所學校，分別是：第一節曹州 高中，第二節廣東省立一中，第三節河南村治學院，第四節山東鄉村建設研究院。 梁氏藉興學為鄉建事業的準備，每個學校代表他每個階段的主張。 第四章內分四節，重點在明白梁漱 的整套鄉建理論。從比較東西文化開始，進而 思索中國自救之道，再而提倡創造新文化，終而以成立新的鄉村組織為歸依。梁氏 對鄉村問題的解決層層深入而前後一貫，本章基於此立場檢討其得失與理論之是否 周全。 第五章內分六節，敘述梁氏在山東的鄉村建設事業，以鄒平試驗區為主，其要項分 別有：鄉農學校、自衛組織、合作事業、農業改良、及風俗衛生改良等。 結語，以整體的觀點來看梁漱 的鄉建事業，依此以明白其功過是非。 #2810108 #2810108

自從立法院於2000年3月21日通過「離島建設條例第十八條」，明訂「為促進離島發展，在臺灣本島與大陸地區全面通航之前，得先試辦金門、馬祖、澎湖地區與大陸地區通航」，排除「兩岸人民關係條例」的限制，為前述離島與大陸地區通航提供法源後，臺灣開放兩岸「小三通」的政策終於明朗，該法稍後並於4月5日公布實施；行政院隨於同年12月13日據此訂定及通過「試辦金門馬祖與大陸地區通航實施辦法」，以作為「小三通」的管理依據。次年1月1日，金門、馬祖與對岸的「小三通」啟動，遂使兩岸關係邁向另一個里程碑。 政府推動兩岸「小三通」工作迄今已逾三載，其主要的目的是希望有助於：一、解決金馬人民的生活問題，增進當地觀光與商業活動，促進離島經濟繁榮，照顧當地民眾日常生活之需要；二、促成離島與大陸地區的貿易正常化，降低離島地區民眾犯罪之風險。進而實現金馬廈福之間的跨界整合，並促成金馬戰略地位角色的重新調整。所以本論文的研究目的是希望從系統理論的思考架構下探討「小三通」的形成背景、政策規劃、執行現況和缺失檢討；並觀察「小三通」與政府大陸政策之間的互動關係。 本論文共分六章，茲將其內容分述如下： （一）第一章為緒論，主要說明本文的研究動機與目的，運用之研究方法、研究架構、研究範圍與限制、研究文獻等。 （二）第二章先探討臺灣、中共與美國等現階段的戰略關係後，再進入「小三通」的本題，敘明兩岸關係的歷史背景、「小三通」的由來及其定位與意涵，其次則分析臺灣推動「小三通」的因素以及中共的回應與美國的看法。 （三）第三章係在探討臺灣推動「小三通」的策略，如何以和平的手段達到兩岸實質的「對等」，並落實雙方經濟合作的基礎。 （四）第四章則分析中共的反應及其所提出對應的策略是否符合其「和平統一」及「一國兩制」的大政方針。 （五）第五章就整個「小三通」實施所帶來各方面的效應，如法律面、交流面及實務面等，不論是兩岸政府或民間做一分析。 （六）第六章即結論，試將前述各章學理與實務的探討，進而尋求發現與建議。 / A Study of Taiwan’s Implementation of the Cross-Strait “Mini-Three-Links” Summary The Article 18 of “The Statute of Off-island Infrastructure”, passed on 21 March, 2000, suggests an experiment on shipping between Kinmen, Mstsu, Penhu areas and Mainland China as to boost the development of the off-islands. This Article excludes the limitations of ”The Statute Governing Relations Between Peoples of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland China”, and provides a legal basis for the shipping experiment. Therefore, Taiwan’s policies on “Mini-three Links” between the cross-strait is getting clear. The Statute was released and put into practice later on 5 April. The Executive Yuan completed the legislation of “Methods on the Experiment of Shipping Between Kinmen, Matsu, and Mainland China” on 13 December in the same year as the legal basis for management. On 1 January, 2001, “Mini-three Links” between Kinmen, Matsu, and Mainland China got started, as a milestone for the development of cross-strait relations. The “Mini-three Links” policy has run more than three years, whose purposes are, for examples, resolving the living problems of people in Kinmen and Matsu,，increasing the tourism and business ,bringing the off-islands prosperity, taking care of the daily needs of the local people. Second, the main purposes are to increase the trade normalization between the off-islands and Mainland China, to reduce the risk of committing crime by the off-islanders. Therefore, we can realize the cross boundary integration between Kinmen and Matsu，and readjust the roles of Kinmen and Matsu which used to be the military zones of Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to explore the background, planning, the results of the experimentation of “Mini-three Links”, and its weakness for further development. We can observe the inter-relations between “Mini-three Links” and the Taiwan government policies. There are six chapters in this study, respectively stated as follows： □ Chapter One is an introduction to this study, including the research motives, purposes, methods, ranges and limitation, and the literature review of this study also. □ Chapter Two explores the current strategic relations between Taiwan、Mainland China, and the United States. In the following part, includes the historical background, status, and the implication of “Mini-three Links”, and the analysis on the factors contributing to “Mini-three Links” policy, and a review on the attitudes of Mainland China and the United States. □ Chapter Three covers the implementation strategies of “Mini-three Links”, and the means in pursuit of equal status and mutual economic cooperation. □ Chapter Four covers reaction of Mainland China and its strategies in response. Analysis on these strategies examine if those are identical with the “Peaceful Reunification” and “One China Principle”. □ The overall effects of “Mini-three Links” will be discussed in Chapter Five, such as the law, exchange aspects. There will be discussion from both the civil and the authority point of view. □ Chapter Six is conclusion, through exploration on both theoretical and practical basis, the researcher proposes major findings and suggestions.

「改革開放」二十多年以來，中國大陸在經濟上取得了令世人矚目的重大成就，同時也帶動社會、文化、思想及政治等領域的變遷。不過，在發展社會主義市場經濟體制的過程中，出現了一些不相適應的矛盾，譬如貪污腐敗、道德淪喪與治安不良等問題，加上現實、功利的價值觀湧現，造成社會大眾無論在精神、思想、道德等方面都產生失衡現象，因此需要以提倡精神層面的變革去改變這些現象，這也就是中共近年來頻頻呼籲加強「社會主義精神文明建設」的主要原因之一。 所謂「社會主義精神文明」，是指適應社會主義生產方式建立起來的精神文明，也就是中共所指的社會主義精神生活、思想、道德觀念的進步狀態，目標是培養有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀律的社會主義新人，提高全民的思想道德和科學文化素質，因此「社會主義精神文明建設」的主要內容，不脫思想道德建設和教育科學文化建設這兩大部分。 本論文藉由撰者所蒐集的文書資料，以及實地到中國大陸進行參觀訪問的所得，論述「社會主義精神文明建設」的理論和中共推行「社會主義精神文明建設」的歷程，並且透過政治社會化的概念架構，以家庭、學校、社區、企事業單位、軍隊和傳播媒體等六個媒介，論述中共在推行「社會主義精神文明建設」中的實際作為。 本論文認為，中國大陸的「社會主義精神文明建設」的是一種顯性的、計畫性的、直接的，且由官方發動的政治社會化工作。而在建設「社會主義精神文明」的過程中，中共也借用了中華傳統文化的精華，逐步建立起新的道德理論，希望從中汲取能夠被群眾認同的精神，並將它和中共既有的意識形態內涵相連結。 另一方面來說，中共推行「社會主義精神文明建設」的實際目的，就是希望在意識形態的基礎上，從文化、思想、道德等層面，為中共官方奠立一個可長可久的辯護機制。中共試圖讓民眾、社會、甚至自己真正相信，建設社會主義精神文明，可以對抗資本主義、封建思想帶來的不良影響，並減少現代化所帶來的惡果。 / Since the “reforming and opening” policies first initiated two decades ago, China has been astounding the globe by its remarkable achievement in economic development. During the same period transformations in social, cultural, intellectual and political strata have also been brought about. However in the progress of development, which aims at establishing “the capitalist economy in the socialism”, several significant issues such as bureaucratic corruption, deteriorating social morality and worsening public security have been consecutively emerging one after another. Moreover, the prevailing self-interest and utilitarianism have further devaluated the traditional merits in Chinese society. Within this context, to tackle such a social imbalance at spiritual level has become the Chinese authority’s first priority in the project of “the construction of socialist spiritual civilization”. The so-called “spiritual civilization in socialism” intends to build up a spiritual civilization in line with the establishing of socialism in Chinese society. This campaign contains two major parts: Firstly, the PRC government envisions achieving a progressive status of spiritual, intellectual and ethical life with socialism characteristics. Secondly, the ultimate objectives of this campaign are to educate new socialistic people with social morality and discipline; and thereafter, to promote the overall of quality of people’s intellectual ethics, and to enhance scientific and cultural livelihood. In this dissertation, documentary archive researches and field studies in Mainland China have been employed as the research methods. Through these approaches, the author on the beginning describes the theory of “the construction of socialistic spiritual civilization” and the progress of this campaign. Furthermore, within the conceptual framework of political socialization, which contains six subgroups such as family, school, community, state-own-enterprises, military and public media, the author presents the PRC government’s practical achievement in this campaign. This dissertation concludes that “the campaign” is obviously directed by the PRC government with its particular political purpose behind. The CCP is trying to make the public believe that constructing the socialistic spirit can avert downsides of modernization and prevailing capitalism. Meanwhile, the authority employs Chinese traditional relics in hope of establishing a new framework of social ethics and linking it with the CCP’s own ideology, in order to gaining legitimacy and identification from the public. Only in this way, the CCP’s legitimate status and political power can be then secured.

網際網路的應用可協助企業強化與消費者的溝通與互動，此對於傳統的商業模式產生相當大的衝擊，然而在房地產諸多異於一般商品的特質下，網際網路對於建設公司經營的影響是否與一般企業相同？目前未被清楚討論。本研究發現，在B2E與B2B方面，網際網路對建設公司與一般企業的影響差異並不大，但在B2C方面，建設公司的網際網路運用度則明顯偏低，目前僅能扮演輔助交易的角色。不過，隨著網路環境的逐漸成熟，以及線上調查、產品客製化、集體議價等新興商業模式的出現，建設公司為提升經營績效，實有必要依循從B2E到B2B，再延伸至B2C的步驟，逐步提升自身的電子化能力，並採取傳統行銷與網路行銷二者並行的模式，以及強化網站的房地產行銷功能。 / The application of Internet can assist the enterprise to reinforce its communication and interaction with clients. Such a fact has a great impact on the traditional business model for sure. However, we must notify that the features of real estate are different from other common goods. Does Internet have the same influence on the management of real estate developer just like other industries? The issue hasn't been further discussed in the existing literature. This research reveals that Internet's impact on the real estate developer is relatively the same compared with other general business in the B2E and B2B aspects. Nonetheless, the Internet application ratio is obviously lower in the aspect of B2C. Real estate developer merely acts as the subsidiary in transaction part. Due to the well-developed Internet environment, innovative business models such as "online suvey"、"customized product" and "collective bargaining mode" begin to emerge in the market. In order to improve its management efficiency, a real estate developer company must adopt the B2E to B2B then B2C step-by-step procedure. Its electronic competence will be gradually enhanced accordingly. Besides, it needs to combine the traditional marketing with Internet to strengthen the marketing through web site and gain a considerable profit.

由於溫室效應使得世界各國重視節能減碳議題，歐美各國紛紛進行智慧型電表基礎建設的建置工作。我國政府在98年全國能源會議取得各界共識，宣示投入建置智慧型電表基礎建設後，智慧型電表基礎建設相關產業將如何發展，是一個受人囑目的問題，同時政府的政策訂定是否得當，產業的優劣勢及發展的關鍵因素均為本研究探討重點。 本研究藉由文獻分析法、深度訪談法及參與觀察法對智慧型電表基礎建設產業進行觀察研究，並以PEST分析、鑽石模型分析、SWOT分析及五力分析進行智慧型電表基礎建設產業分析。 透過分析發現目前我國智慧型電表基礎建設產業受台電公司很大的影響，並因世界潮流等因素目前正蓬勃發展中，產業間競爭將逐漸激烈，而產業的發展需要有明確的政策目標、界面標準及規範，且有賴於國內資通訊及電子產業的技術，使產品化的腳步加快，最終進行整合使產業壯大進而打進國外市場。另外對於智慧型電表基礎建設的建置來說，要配合電價結構調整等配套措施的推行及讓民眾深入瞭解，才能使智慧型電表基礎建設的效益達到最大。 依研究分析，本研究在政策方面建議需讓建置期有調整的空間，並有跨部會的政策主導者整合相關政策，持續進行效益評估工作，支持電價結構調整，訂定界面標準，輔導業者策略聯盟或整合，進行民眾教育工作等。而產業發展方面建議業者要積極參與能源局規劃及台電公司建置工作，發展自主技術，進行策略聯盟及整併工作，確認上游供應商品質，利用國內網通業銷售管道並能降低勞力資本。 / As the greenhouse effect is forcing the world to focus their attention on carbon reduction issues, many European countries and the United States are beginning to invest in Advanced Metering Infrastructure. After achieving consensus with various parties at the National Energy Conference in 2009 and the government's announcement of investing in the building of Advanced Metering Infrastructure, how to develop the related industries in Advanced Metering Infrastructure is an issue that draws many people's attention. Whether the government's policy is appropriately set, the strengths and weaknesses of industry, and the key factors in development, are the main focus of this study. Through literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and participant observation, this study conducted observations on the Advanced Metering Infrastructure industries, and analyzed them by using methods such as PEST analysis, diamond model, SWOT analysis, and five forces analysis. Through the analysis, it was found that our current Advanced Metering Infrastructure industries are greatly affected by the Taiwan Power Company. And due to factors as the world trend that is currently booming, competition in the industry will gradually intensify, while clear policy objectives, interface standards and norms are needed as the industries continue to grow. Moreover, its speed of commercialization will depend on the technologies from the domestic information technology and communication industry and electronics industry, before the industry is finally integrated and becomes strong enough to enter the foreign markets. Furthermore, in terms of the establishment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure, it will require complementary measures such as tariff restructuring and public buy-in, before the benefits of Advanced Metering Infrastructure can be maximized. Based on the analysis, this study's recommendations are that in terms of policy, adequate room must be allowed for in the establishment phase for adjustment, together with a cross-ministry policy leader responsible for the integration of relevant policies, ongoing effectiveness assessments, support of tariff restructuring, setting interface standards, assisting industry operators in strategic alliances or integration, and public education, etc. In terms of industry development, the recommendation is that vendors must participate actively in Energy Bureau's planning and Taiwan Power Company's building work, develop in-house technology, form strategic alliance and integration, verify product quality of upstream suppliers, utilize the sales channels of the domestic network and communication industries, and reduce the labor capital.