The purpose of this study is to investigate the core elements of merging into local society by reducing the prejudice. The following four factors were discussed : (1) equal group status within the situation, (2) intergroup cooperation, (3) common goals, and (4) the support of authorities, law or custom. Then subjects were recruited in the in-depth interviews. They were required do a field research during which the Taiwanese businessmen settled in Guangzhou. From the data analysis, it was discovered that the more good contact experiences Taiwanese Businesspeople have, the easier for them to reduce intergroup prejudice and leads to merge into local society easier in China. The main effected factor was not related to profit – making. Based upon the result of the thesis, if Taiwanese businesspeople lack for such good contact experiences to contact the locals, they would identify themselves as Taiwanese. The main concerns of this dissertation are as following：Would it the possible for Taiwanese to reduce their prejudice toward Chinese through intergroup contacts？And, would the intergroup contacts help Taiwanese immigrants integrate into local community？These two questions are answered. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the core elements of merging into local society by reducing the prejudice. The following four factors were discussed : (1) equal group status within the situation, (2) intergroup cooperation, (3) common goals, and (4) the support of authorities, law or custom. Then subjects were recruited in the in-depth interviews. They were required do a field research during which the Taiwanese businessmen settled in Guangzhou. From the data analysis, it was discovered that the more good contact experiences Taiwanese Businesspeople have, the easier for them to reduce intergroup prejudice and leads to merge into local society easier in China. The main effected factor was not related to profit – making. Based upon the result of the thesis, if Taiwanese businesspeople lack for such good contact experiences to contact the locals, they would identify themselves as Taiwanese. The main concerns of this dissertation are as following：Would it the possible for Taiwanese to reduce their prejudice toward Chinese through intergroup contacts？And, would the intergroup contacts help Taiwanese immigrants integrate into local community？These two questions are answered.

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本篇研究是以行動電話使用行為所促進的人際接觸作為關注的焦點，並以實證資料為基礎，區分人們使用行動電話的行為為使用強度（使用者使用工具的頻率）、使用寬度（使用者對外進行聯繫的人際範圍），觀察使用者使用行動電話維持並增進什麼樣的人際接觸，說明使用行為特性與人際接觸之間的關聯。再者，討論以「個人」為單位所進行的行動電話接觸是否能提供更為自主、自由的接觸機會和空間。 除此，更進一步透過不同性別的使用行為和人際接觸比較，釐清不同性別的使用者在使用行動電話與人際接觸機會範圍上的差異，透過人際接觸空間的增進與網絡連結機會的擴大，說明行動電話溝通可能造成的社會影響。 研究結果為女性使用者較男性使用者，在行動電話的使用寬度上更能增進與各式各樣朋友的聯繫接觸。也就是說女性使用者透過行動電話更能擴增與各式各樣朋友接觸聯繫的溝通空間。因此，女性使用者在行動電話的接觸空間中，可以更容易地擴大個人的社會網絡。 / What kinds of interpersonal contact will be maintained by mobile phone?Do the gender differences found when men and women maintain personal relationships in person and on the phone also emerge when they use mobile phone? We explore from familys to friends of relationships women and men maintain by mobile phone, differences in their making use of mobile phone and differences in the style of communication. Our findings are based on quantitative data collected in 2003. Althouth these data suggest that using mobile phone to communicate with familys,closed friends, friends who unable to see each other ,all kinds of friends and general friends. But when the gender differences combining with the mobile phone technology could make some good for women. Compared to men, women find mobile phone contact with all kinds of friends and friends who unable to see each other gratifying. Women are more likely than men to maintain all kinds of friendships by mobile phone. They are more likely than men to use mobile phone to keep in touch with people who are general friends.The fit between women's expressive styles and the features of mobile phone seems to be making it especially easy for women to expand their social networks.

兩岸關係研究在開放政策的導引下，自過去以共黨體制與理論研究，轉為更務實的經濟和文化研究，兩岸社會和人民透過頻繁交流瞭解彼此，是目前兩岸關係的重要發展，其中一項趨勢即是大陸年輕學生能在台灣停留，並在一段不算短的時間內深入一般民間生活，這些所謂的「陸生」在來台停留4個月以上的時間內，除了在學校上課，騎單車環島、搭「台灣好行」、搭台鐵、坐公車等等方式，在台灣城市和鄉野間體驗與感受，一部分人更在選舉造勢場合，和激動的選民一起喊凍蒜凍蒜。 根據Allport以來學者對於接觸相關研究文獻的瞭解，群際之間的研究必須考慮接觸的內涵、接觸的過程以及制約接觸的條件等對接觸效果的影響。傳統「接觸假說」認為類似文化背景之群體可透過深度交流接觸達到真正理解溝通，消除群際偏見與隔閡，達到族群融合。 本論文即以上述理論為基礎探討兩岸年輕學子交流的樣態及效，透過量化的問卷與深度訪談，探索這個族群接觸內涵與過程，理解到所謂的「接觸」並不能僅限於「接觸的頻率和時間長短」，也不能僅奠基在語言文化具類似性的基礎上，就達到「接觸假說」所預設的「消除類屬」(de-categorization)或進一步「融合類屬」(re-categorization)。因為族群之間各成員心中存在著「自我類屬」(self-categorization)，想要消融彼此的界線，必須先探索成員對自我類屬的定義，此外還須考慮接觸環境上制度面的制約，從制度面的設計增加群際成員的接觸頻率，才能進一步減少成員的「群際偏見」(intergroup bias)及增進「群際情感」(intergroup emotion)。 / In the leading of open policy, the mainstream of cross-strait studies has shifted from Socialism and Communism to Economy and Culture. At the tide of exchange, Chinese exchange students studying in Taiwan are the most propriate targets to learn about, less sensitive and having deep contact with Taiwan society. According to the related studies like Allport’s, scholars should take the content, process, and constrait of contact into consideration while studying the relations between nation groups. Traditional “contact assumption” assumes groups sharing similar culture background will reach mutually understand through exchange in depth, deliminate bias and barriers between groups. This study has examed the impact of the frequency and time length, the language and culture similarity on contact, knowing that those conditions above are not the only factors to de-categorization or further re-categorization. The members of each group have bared self-categorization in mind. Eliminating intergroup bias and enhance intergroup emotion would play an important part of breaking down the walls between groups. Besides, the goal of institutional design is to make the contact more intensive and to avoid the false contact. The less attractions offered by media to the Chinese exchange students, the less political socialization they will have. So the policy design should be delicate enough to allow those students to take the advantages of curriculums、professors, and schools to reach the goal of social contact between the young generations of cross-strait.

在中國大陸的台商為免與家人長期分隔兩地，逐漸出現舉家遷移的情形，而被帶領到大陸生活的台商子女，在台商學校、港澳台班、國際學校與本地學校這些與當地接觸程度各有不同的學校環境中，有著迥異的族群接觸機會及經驗，對於這些孩子們的自我身份認同，會不會有影響？若有，則是什麼效果？ 本文認為，父母決定了其子女與當地深度接觸機會的多寡，若沒有與當地族群深度接觸的機會，由於他們對當地的印象僅來自表面的觀察，而產生或加深對當地的偏見，使其更為認同台灣；如果深度機會多但經驗不佳，亦會讓他們傾向認同台灣，但相較於前者仍有同時認同當地的可能；而深度接觸當地機會多且有正面經驗的孩子，將開始認同中國，但未必拋卻對台灣的認同，或可說其不再以國族、族群，而以生活品味、素質等標準作為我群與他群的分際。 / In case of family separation, some Taiwanese entrepreneurs have migrated to China so that their children would have various opportunities of intergroup contact and experience in diversity kinds of school. For instance, “Taiwan businessman’s schools”, “Classes for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan”, “International schools”, and “Local Schools”. Would these varied environments affect their identities? If the answer is “yes”, then what the effect is and how it works? This thesis indicates that, indeed, whether the children contact the locals deeper or not which is due to their parents’ decision. If the children lack for such chances to contact the locals, they would identify themselves as Taiwanese. Since the children’s local cognition has been only affected by superficial observation, it produces or strengthens their prejudice toward the locals. While the children are in a “Melting Pot” but not feel happy with their peers; hence, they tend to have Taiwanese identities and it is not impossible to have Chinese identities simultaneously in the future. As for the children who have local acquaintances certainly have Chinese identities more than those illustrated above. However, it does not mean that they would definitely forsake their Taiwanese identities in stead of a new one. In fact, they may discard ethnic and use other standards as means of their identity options such as life styles and tastes.

本研究主要探討高科技產業中消費性耐久財品牌採行高科技產業最常使用的企業品牌策略與副品牌策略時，在IMC的品牌接觸點管理上做法的異同之處，並探討IMC的品牌接觸點管理對於品牌績效的影響，同時亦探討高科技產業特性與產品特性是否會導致特定的IMC品牌接觸點管理做法。 　　研究結果發現高科技消費性耐久財品牌採用企業品牌策略與副品牌策略對於IMC的品牌接觸點管理的做法確實有影響，並且IMC品牌接觸點管理對於品牌績效能夠產生正面的影響，同時，高科技產業特性與產品特性對於本研究當中任何一種品牌策略在實行IMC的品牌接觸點管理做法上均無特殊影響。

本研究旨在探討液晶電視的消費族群特性，以及消費者在購買過程的品牌接觸的經驗要素，並瞭解「品牌接觸點」與「顧客滿意度」、「顧客忠誠度」之間的關係模式，以及不同消費者在「品牌接觸點印象度」、「顧客滿意度」之差異性，與各集群消費者在「購買行為」、「顧客滿意度」的差異。 研究方法主要透過量化的問卷調查，共獲得422份有效問卷，並輔以質化的專家訪談法，進行最後結論與建議。 經量化研究發現，消費者對「品牌接觸點重要性」的認知，可分為「重視功能」、「重視評價」、「重視廣宣」、「重視服務」、「重視方便」、「重視技術能力」等六項因素；消費者對「品牌接觸點印象度」的感受，可分為「廣宣運用程度印象」、「服務體驗與服務品質印象」、「產品功能與產品品質印象」等三項因素。並得知液晶電視的消費者分群可分有「品牌導向者」、「產品導向者」、「自我導向者」三大集群。 研究也證實「品牌接觸點印象度」對「顧客滿意度」、「顧客忠誠度」具有中偏高顯著相關；「品牌接觸點重要性」對「品牌接觸點印象度」也具有中度顯著相關。且不同消費者在「品牌接觸點印象度」、「顧客滿意度」，以及三大消費者分群在「購買行為」、「顧客滿意度」也都具有顯著差異。 另為提供更完整的研究建議，最後並訪談了多年來從事液晶電視品牌研究的行銷研究專家，針對此研究量化結果，提供專業意見，作為實務之行銷策略參考。

因應全球經濟貿易自由化趨勢，政府近來積極推動ECFA（兩岸經濟合作架構協議Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement），隨著雙邊貿易自由化，陸製產品的廉價優勢對台灣產業、內需市場帶來經濟衝擊，為此經濟部針對弱勢產業擬定強化輔導措施，規劃並協助國內產業推動台灣「MIT微笑」標章，藉由標章推動，使台灣人民加強對台製產品的辨識、認同與支持。 由於台灣現階段認證標章多以產業各自發展認證機制，消費者在辨識上呈現零散狀態缺乏統合辨識。因此透過台灣「MIT微笑」標章的推動，有助於整合各產業標章，達到消費者一致性辨識效果。本研究由品牌觀點切入，從消費者端出發，藉由質化與量化之研究方法，透過問卷調查及深度訪談方式，了解消費者對台灣「MIT微笑」標章的知覺品質、知覺價值，及如何影響其購買意圖及滿意度。另外本研究也加入品牌接觸點的概念，了解消費者品牌接觸歷程，以期提出有效的台灣「MIT微笑」標章推廣策略。 研究結果發現，知覺品質、知覺價對購買意願及滿意度皆有正向顯著的影響，其中知覺價值較知覺品質有更高的影響力，消費者偏好MIT標章產品乃在於其在知覺品質中提供的耐久、可靠進一步形塑安全感、品質保障等情感價值、品質功能與價格功能而影響購買意願，社會認同價值在實際購買行為上則作用不大。另外研究也發現，現階段MIT標章推廣面臨的問題在於消費者對於MIT標章的辨識模糊、認知薄弱因此滿意度低，縱使消費者有超過八成的購買意願及偏好度，但在未能正確辨識之下MIT標章所發揮的功能便十分有限，因此本研究以促進消費者認知深度與廣度出發提出MIT標章行銷推廣建議。

兩岸自開放以來，對於交流政策及相關議題，始終爭論不休。為何大陸方面積極邀訪台灣人士，希望「寄希望於台灣人民」，而台灣內部則有諸多疑慮？兩者的考量實為同一出發點，即接觸和交流勢必改變雙方對彼此的態度及立場，不得不慎。若兩岸問題是一長久戰，是雙贏還是兩敗俱傷就必須時刻檢視合作戰略。因此，本研究旨在透過對中國大陸80後新生代白領族群與台灣人的社會互動觀察，來檢視兩岸緊密而頻繁的交流及接觸，是否對兩岸和平發展有實質上的幫助，軟化兩方對立態度，幫助建立理解及互信機制；抑或是白忙一場，在雙方不斷釋出利多的情形下，不僅沒有從根本解決兩岸根深蒂固的認同差異，反引發更大的不理解和厭惡感，實為本研究計畫欲探究的問題。 　　研究結果發現隨著兩岸交流擴大，中國大陸的80世代對台的接觸管道也更加多元。但從江澤民時期一直到胡錦濤世代，中國都未改變一個中國的兩岸關係原則，加上大陸80世代獨特的成長背景和發展軌跡，相較於前幾世代所強調的政治正確態度，大陸80後的黨國意識相對淡薄，尤以畢業於名牌高校的大陸80後白領，更是將生活重心和關注焦點放在追求利益的務實道路上。這些都使得其對台態度產生變化，大部分的大陸80後白領除了對中國本土的政治感到漠然，對於爭論不休的台灣統獨問題更是有些意興闌珊。政治問題的擱置和無奈，也使他們對於台灣產生一種文化上的情感投射，更多地認同台灣方面對中華文化的保存和其他的合作機會。可以說是從一個中國的強硬態度轉變成一條務實且相對友好的道路發展。 　　透過長期交流，雖能拉近距離，但對於政治態度的改變仍是徒勞。從想像建構逐步親身接觸台灣人文歷史，都讓大陸80世代對台灣有了更多的認識與喜愛。而不同程度的接觸經驗確實產生不同的交流成果，但是透過質性調查發現，接觸的關鍵並不在相處的時間長短，而在建立在某些制約條件上。換言之，若無法達到某些關鍵前提條件，兩岸的交流經驗不論如何頻密，都無法從根本消弭差距和隔閡。另外，中國大陸與台灣二十年來不同的發展道路或制度上的差別，讓兩岸心理在根本產生落差。在不同的世界觀和價值觀之下，兩岸隔閡仍難補平。

我國司法實務上著作權侵害的類型中，以「重製權」之侵害為最大宗；而就著作財產權侵害之基本類型-「抄襲」，應區分其概念與訴訟上之證明。就概念而言，「抄襲」係指「被告有合理之機會閱讀或聽聞原告作品中受保護之成分，且被告作品與原告作品中受保護之成分實質相似」。至就訴訟上之證明，則應分就原告與被告說明：首先原告須依序舉證證明：一、創作事實；二、被告有合理之機會閱讀或聽聞原告之作品(即「接觸」)；三、被告作品中存有與原告作品中受保護之成分實質相似之部分(即「實質相似」)。而待原告就上開事實盡其舉證責任後，被告方有為舉證之必要，即被告可就推認其「未有合理之機會閱讀或聽聞原告作品中受保護之成分」此一事實之間接事實負舉證責任，然其僅須動搖法院已形成之「有合理之機會閱讀或聽聞原告作品中受保護之成分」之心證，即為已足。而上開說明即為本文所採之「抄襲」認定流程，本文即係以上開見解為骨幹，說明「侵害重製權」之過程中所涉及之基礎理論、司法實務見解以及本文之看法。