隨著政治民主化以及公共議題的多元化，政府溝通能力逐漸受到重視。許多政策推動的失敗被歸咎於政策溝通成效不彰外，文官更是被迫到第一線與民眾進行溝通互動以滿足逐漸高漲的溝通需求。然而，對於文官政策溝通行為的規範性及經驗性研究均相當匱乏，本研究從政府與民眾的互動關係、不同政府運作模式的邏輯，釐清並建構文官與民眾溝通的脈絡以及影響其溝通途徑與行為之因素，並試圖解釋文官參與政策溝通對於政治行政二分的意涵。 本研究以原能會為個案，透過訪談17位原能會文官、記者以及社運團體，蒐集原能會在不同溝通場域中的溝通經驗作為歸納與分析的素材。經過經驗資料的堆砌與歸納，建構政策溝通系統用以解釋影響原能會組織溝通途徑的選擇及其文官個人溝通行為的因素。研究發現行政組織有趨於選擇單向溝通的傾向，及趨於偏好使用間接管道溝通的傾向，並提出環境、制度、組織與個人層面對於溝通途徑選擇及溝通行為的影響因素。最後，本研究提出幾項建議，首先，原能會未來應重視記者對於政策資訊的理解；其次，應避免跨途徑溝通；其三，應正視反核態度的民眾，提供適當的溝通途徑；最後，未來應以團隊為政策溝通的行動單位，團隊應涵蓋不同層級的成員，以面對各式樣的問題，進而避免溝通困境的產生。 / In recent years, government communication capacity has become important as political democratization and public issues have diversified. Policy failures are often attributed to the lack of policy communication and force the civil servant to communicate with the public directly. However, some of the communication behavior of civil service policy literature suffer from the lack of attention to the perspective of normative and empirical researches. This research intents to explore the communication context between civil servant and the public, and to find out the determinant factors which affect communication approaches and communication behavior. This research uses the methods of in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the key factors in the policy communication system that have substantial affected the choice of organizational communication approaches and communication behavior of civil service in Atomic Energy Council. The result indicates that: First, the public sector still has a tendency to choosing one-way communication and using indirect channel to communicate. Second, this research offers critical factors from the level of environment, institution, organization and individual that affect the choice of communication approaches and communication behavior. Finally, this research suggests that: First, Atomic Energy Council should pay more attention to understanding of policy information from reporters. Second, Atomic Energy Council should try to avoid cross-approaches communication. Third, Atomic Energy Council should face up to anti-nuclear groups and provide suitable communication approaches. Finally, Atomic Energy Council should design a policy communication team which concludes different levels of members, in order to build up an effective coordinating channels.

獨立會計師的貢獻，在於給予財務報表信用，對財務報表實施審查。對會計師而言， 其有將其審查的性質和意見，傳送予財務報表使用人，方能稱為有效的溝通。 學者一般認為審計報告具有溝通上的缺陷，國內在這方面的研究尚不多見，本論文的 主要內容，則係針對這項課題： 一、討論溝通理論的基本觀念。 二、實證研究投資者對於審計報告中的用辭和觀念的了解程度。 三、依實證的結果，並參考有關文獻，重新檢討現行的審計報告是否需要修正。

隨著電腦科技的普及，網路逐漸成為親子溝通的工具之一，父母和孩子也與其他的關係一樣，在網路上相處、溝通與互動，然而目前的網路研究中，親子溝通鮮少成為研究的對象，而家庭傳播中對網路的討論，則大多將焦點集中在新科技使用與家庭生活時間的互斥與否的爭議之上，網路在此研究脈絡中喪失了溝通互動的性質，本研究並不企圖否定過去對電腦與家庭關係中的互動討論，而是期望加入目前實際生活中，網路在親子關係中所發揮的溝通功能，而使網路在親子溝通的角色可以更加完備。 本文以網路問卷調查的方式，期望瞭解在強調父母威權（社會取徑）與鼓勵與子女互動（概念取徑）的兩種不同家庭中，子女對媒介特質的感知有何差異，以及是否會有不同的網路關係維持行為。研究結果指出，家庭中越是強調父母權威，子女越能感受到：網路讓他們比較敢向父母表達自身想法，並且也越能在與父母溝通前有更多時間好好地組織自己想法，而越是重視父母權威的家庭，子女也越會傾向在網路中與父母分享心事與表現出對父母的體諒，網路讓這些原來關係緊張的親子之間有了更多親密互動的可能。 / With the population of the computer technology, internet has become one of the tools of parent-child communication. Parents and children nowadays also interacted and communicated on line, just like any other relationships. However, parental communication rarely became the topic in the study about the internet. In family communication research, the researchers always talked about whether the internet interaction reduces the actual interaction in family life. In this thesis, the context of this idea lacked the communicative function of the internet., This study investigates how children have different perception of media characteristics and different internet communication behavior in the social oriented families (that emphasis parent’s power) and concept oriented families (that encourage children to share their opinions). Firstly, the study finds that the children from social oriented families are more likely to feel that they have more various topics which are unable to show while being together with their parents by face-to-face. Secondly, they consider that they are able to arrange their ideas more perfectly before talking with their parents. Moreover, the finding also indicates that the children from social oriented families are willing to share their secrets and express understanding for their parents on line. Thus, for the social oriented families, the internet provides another way to improve parental relationships.

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MSN Messenger（以下簡稱MSN）為當前電子傳播科技的種類當中，廣受使用者青睞的溝通工具之一。透過這項電腦中介科技，可能衍生的人際互動議題，可謂添加了「人際溝通」這個研究領域的豐富性。本研究鎖定MSN的其中一項功能－「在場訊息」，或稱「線上狀態」，根據使用者運用這項機制的策略，本研究試圖勾勒出因應新傳播科技所發展的溝通型態。 使用者透過在場訊息有機會向他人彰顯本身的「溝通可得性」。這個溝通的可得性同時指涉時間與空間的概念，亦即使用者「在不在？」以及「有沒有空？」根據先驅研究的初步發現，在場訊息讓使用者有探索的自由度；這個自由度植基於科技特有的「符擔性」，因而賦予使用者在限度之內挖掘科技本身的可能性。本研究特別關注的是具有過往互動歷史、由線下衍生到線上的人際關係；這種特性的關係型態在與科技特性交會之後，是否可能誘發人際互動的新視野？ 本研究同時採取人際網絡滾雪球法，以及透過網際網路公開招募的方式，總共募集21位受訪者。透過深度訪談的方式，發現在MSN的情境裡，「科技」與「關係」交會之後，在場訊息的功能因而衍生出新的使用意義，從單純表彰個人溝通可得性的工具，成為使用者之間用來衡量或評估人我關係親疏遠近的工具，透過介面特性反覆確認人我對於關係的定義。當這項機制的意義被延伸之後，使用者也產生因應之道，發展相關溝通策略。最後，回應本研究一開始所欲探討的，亦即運用MSN在場訊息對於人際互動的啟發。研究結果顯示，在新的科技中介溝通情境當中，使用者對於自身溝通主動權的看重與掌控。

沒有人的人生是完美的，正如家庭也是，生活中充斥著美好家庭的幻象，長大後才知道一個家的表面下，隱藏著或多或少的創傷，有些是父母刻意隱瞞的謊，只為了維護家庭表面的和平，讓兒女可以安心的成長。 　　本片實質以太空元素作為吸引觀眾目光的糖衣，實為道出家的糾結跟愛恨情感。透過兒女的視角帶觀眾一起經歷面對家裡成員外遇從掙扎到原諒的過程，並提供新的角度去檢視婚姻制度與家庭。本片希望給喜歡家庭及成長題材的觀眾，帶來一些反思及情感上的釋懷。不管經歷多少創傷，家還是在，只是以不同的面貌存在。

財務報告之目的，在提供有用之資訊供使用者決策之用，故會計本身即是一種溝通過 程。會計雖被視為一種溝通過程，但對溝通觀念的探討在國內會計文獻上尚不多見， 本文係以國內相關文獻作研究，冀能對財務報告溝通功能有更進一步的了解。 茲將各章內容扼要說明如下： 第一章：緒論，就研究之動機、問題、目的、範圍及限制作一扼要說明。 第二章：對溝通與會計之關係及其應用作一說明。 第三章：探討影響溝通之環境因素。 第四章：說明資料的匯集與處理過程。 第五章：描述資訊之表達。 第六章：論使用者及其回饋。 第七章：結論。

近年來，金融產業面臨著激烈的競爭環境，在開發新顧客成本遠高於維繫舊客戶，以及金控法通過後欲獲得更多交叉銷售機會的情形下，深耕顧客、和顧客建立良好關係也就成了當前金融業最重要的目標。 而要和顧客建立關係，「溝通」是不可或缺的要素。因此，本研究將焦點放在關係行銷策略中的溝通策略，以權變理論為出發點來探討在不同的情境下，吾人應該運用何種溝通模式，才能增進對方的滿意度、信任感及繼續合作的承諾感。其研究方法是以郵寄問卷的方式進行，針對製造業企業共發出656份問卷，並在經效度及信度的檢定後，以迴歸分析來驗證架構的適宜性。本研究主要的研究發現如下。 一、雙向性的溝通策略對關係品質有正向的影響。 二、策略性的溝通內容對關係品質有正向的影響。 三、當對方的企業文化偏向外在定位時，將會增強雙向的溝通對於關係品 質的正向效果。 四、當對方的企業文化偏向內在維持時，將會減弱正式的溝通對於關係 品質的正向效果。

本研究是探討企業體內工業設計單位及獨立工業設計服務公司於產品開發活動中的溝通與創新管理。針對台灣目前在工業設計領域有優異成績的單位，觀察內部知識創造活動，即產品開發活動的過程，瞭解其企業定位與設計部門的角色、領導者管理風格以及組織溝通的方式，並比較不同組織單位在創新管理上的差異。企業體內工業設計單位之研究係以曾獲得台灣精品獎以及優良設計獎，並擁有自有品牌的廠商為研究對象。而獨立工業設計服務公司之研究則以在工業設計領域有優異表現的設計公司為對象。本研究之研究發現如下： 在工業設計單位的組織內涵與產品開發活動方面： 一、 長遠具野心的企業願景與明確的企業定位為工業設計單位良好發展的基礎。宏□提出「創新關懷」的品牌精神；震旦提出「Life @ Work」新工作環境，兩者強調設計力在現今及未來企業發展策略上的重要性，期望透過設計將顧客與產品串起功能性與情感性的連結，讓顧客在生活及工作上能夠與宏□、震旦建立長期關係。浩漢與卓嶽皆以提供客戶全方位完整的設計服務為定位，將設計能力視為企業生存及發展的核心能耐。 二、 為了讓設計部門獲得更多的資源和更大的權限，企業應該調整設計部門在組織中的架構，使設計單位得以達成目標。企業體內的工業設計單位在組織中不再隸屬於研發單位，而是獨立且平行運作：被提升與事業群平行（宏□），或者直接隸屬於最高層主管單位（震旦）。而設計服務公司的工業設計單位則為設計公司提供差異化服務與累積核心能耐的重要環節。 在工業設計單位領導風格與產品開發活動方面： 一、工業設計單位的領導人對所領導的設計團隊應該是要會鼓勵熱情的，以促使 成員對工作和組織產生了不斷改善的熱忱與創意。 二、 工業設計單位的領導人在團隊中應該扮演著設計與管理之間的溝通橋樑。不會直接涉入設計團隊的運作，而是協助團隊設定目標，並盡可能保證成員會獲得最大的自主權，對設計團隊的創意會給予適當的空間與尊重，讓設計團隊的潛能得以獲得發揮。 在工業設計單位組織溝通與產品開發活動方面： 一、 優秀工業設計單位會在產品開發前端，與高層經營單位做整體全盤的溝通，以瞭解高層對組織未來策略與方向的看法，並取得高層經營單位對產品開發策略的共識，獲得高層的支持與授權。企業體內的高層經營單位應在新產品開發活動的初期（即宏□的產品設計企劃階段；震旦的市場研究與策略發展階段）參與討論，以期在公司整體發展方向及策略等議題上產生全體的共識。在產品策略及方向確定後，則需充分授權給相關單位來執行，而不會過渡干涉。設計服務公司的高層經營單位應授權給設計部門的主管與設計師，設計創意由設計師們來掌握，（浩漢與卓嶽的）高層則是扮演公司對外與客戶建立情感關係的角色。 二、 工業設計單位領導人與設計師應該在產品設計階段（即產品開發過程中的黑箱階段）進行密切地溝通，以即時的口頭方式的非正式溝通來對設計案的方向、解決問題的方法等議題產生共識，以求直接立即的回應。 三、 工業設計單位儘管會因為組織規模較大，在管理制度上較為完整健全，如宏□設計處在宏□集團之下可支配資源較多，集團內部也有建置知識管理系統，不過工業設計單位裡的成員仍應該以面對面的溝通方式，而非過度依賴數位科技的管道，對工業設計來說成員的知識較傾向經驗性知識，需要藉由直接口頭溝通較能獲得完整明確的概念想法。 四、 工業設計單位領導人與設計師之間的溝通不應該特意保持層級的存在，雖然會有職稱上的分層，但譬如在產品設計階段中進行設計展開的腦力激盪時，經理階層設計師和設計師須共同平等發表意見的。去垂直權力距離的管理方式將對工業設計單位的創意激發有正面的助益。 五、 工業設計單位應該設計有助於創意的物理環境，給予成員開放彈性的工作空間，促進非計畫內的溝通，以增加意外連結的機會。並且會嘗試運用擺設品等感官刺激物來營造創意氣氛。 六、 在產品開發活動中，PM應是扮演整合者、協調者的角色，負責串連整個流程，掌控設計進度時程，並確保各部門對所開發的產品有一致的共識。企業體內的工業設計單位設置有隸屬設計單位的大PM，並由設計單位的大PM來負責啟動產品開發活動，且其職權在產品線的小PM之上。如宏□設計處設有產品企劃的大PM，由他來整合當地產品線小PM所回饋的資訊；震旦設計中心設有大PM，其負責年度產品企劃與資源整合，與事業部底下的小PM負責資訊回饋和後段行銷企劃的職責不同。工業設計服務公司也會在執行設計的單位和經營階層分別設置PM。如浩漢在兩個事業部下有PM部門，在企劃研究組裡也設置大PM。事業部的小PM負責細項的執行，企研組的大PM負責啟動產品開發活動（與客戶的業務接洽）與擁有更大的資源調度權限。卓嶽有大PM部門負責啟動產品開發活動（與客戶的業務接洽）另外在設計部門設有設計小PM，掌控產品設計的進度與品質。 七、 工業設計單位與外部組織的溝通，應由PM或PM與ID人員共同參與，因為兩者涉入整個產品從企劃到設計完成的開發過程最為完整。而外部溝通可分為兩類。一是企業設計單位對外部協力製造廠，議題為討論產品製造的可行性與廠商是否具備相關生產技術；二是設計服務公司面對客戶的溝通，議題為產品概念與設計規格等開發前段討論。 / ABSTRACT The future trend of Taiwan’s industries will have to step into total transformation from OEM to ODM and OBM and it’s the only measure for Taiwan to be able to face the fierce price competition from China. The paradigm will have to shift from MIT (Made in Taiwan) to IIT (Innovation in Taiwan). The Taiwanese government has been attempting to devote resources and to assist in the transformation of the industries. Some firms are also starting to step outside the frame of traditional manufacturing and realizing that industrial design (ID) will be one of the core competences in improving corporation brand image and product value. Several issues regarding the role of ID are the major concern of this thesis which includes: How do ID people transform information to knowledge through appropriate communication channels; how do firms position the role of its ID department etc. The research target of this study is categorized into two major groups: The ID department in the firms which have original brands and independent ID service companies with excellence in performance. The important findings of this study are summarized as follow: Findings regarding of ID department’s position in the organization and matters regarding product development activities: 1. The development of a firm’s ID department should be based on long term ambitious vision and clear positioning of the firm. For example, BenQ’s spirit in brand is caring for innovation; Aurora emphasizes brand new working environment. Both firms wish to disseminate the importance of the competence in design in devising the future strategy for the development of firms. Functional and emotional bonds can be created between customers and the products. 2. Excellent ID department is usually independent of R&D departmentand is given more resources and authority, therefore it has a very important role during the process of product development. Findings regarding the leadership style at ID department and product development activities: 1. The leaders of the ID departments should always show their passion towards innovation which in turn will encourage the team members to devote consistently and passionately into innovation. 2. The major responsibility of the leaders of the ID department is to act as a bridge between design and management and will not interfere directly with the operation of the design teams but to assist their teams to establish some sorts of targets. Any idea generated by the design teams is also highly respected. Findings regarding ID department organizational communication and product development activities: 一、 At the very initial phase of product development, ID department should communicate with the higher management from various angles in order to understand the direction of the future strategies and to achieve consensus on product development strategies. For example, the higher management of BenQ and Aurora always participate in the discussions at the initial phase of product development and many issues are based on the future direction of the corporate strategy. As soon as the product development strategies are devised and confirmed, the leader and designers of the ID department will be highly empowered. 二、 The communications between ID department leader and designers usually take place during the product design phase based on informal channels of communication. The issues of concern at this stage are essentially the broad direction of the project and problem solving. The ID department leaders basically place high respects on the expertise of their designers. 三、 The members in the ID department mostly prefer face to face communication and do not rely on communication channels based on digital technology even when the scale of the ID department reaches considerable size. For ID, most of the knowledge of the members are tacit knowledge which relies on face to face communications in order to acquire completely accurate ideas of concept. 四、 There are no form of bureaucracy exists in the ID department. Even though that there might be different job titles, however, during brainstorming, designers of the higher management level and designers express their opinions on an equally position basis. 五、 ID departments provide excellent working environment for innovation booming and excellent flexibility for designers to improve quality of communications. 六、 During the process of product development, PM acts as integrator, coordinator and is responsible for linking up the entire process of product development, in control of the proposed schedule, and making sure that every department does have the same consensus towards the product in development. BenQ’s ID department has product development proposal PM who is in charge of integrating feedback information from different product lines of different regions. 七、 PM and ID members participate in the communications between ID department and other departments. External communication can be categorized into two groups: 1. communication between corporate ID department and external supporting manufacturers on issues regarding the feasibility of manufacturing the products or whether the manufacturers possess relevant production technology; 2. communication between ID service providing firms and their customers on issues regarding product concept and design specifications.

本篇論文主要在探討漢語親子假裝遊戲 (pretend play) 中的後設溝通(metacommunication)，研究問題如下：1. 不同年齡的幼兒使用哪些後設溝通策略(metacommunicative strategies) 來架構其假裝遊戲？2. 在幼兒所使用的策略中有哪些語言表徵 (linguistic features)？3. 不同年齡的幼童使用後設溝通策略時是否會有發展上的差異？研究結果發現不同年齡的幼兒後設溝通策略的運用的確呈現發展上的差異，年齡較大的孩童在運用後設溝通策略架構假裝遊戲的技巧比年齡較小的孩童來的熟練與複雜，而這些策略運用上的不同則可能是因為語言及認知發展上的差異導致而成 ◦ / This thesis aims to investigate how children with different age initiate, maintain, and terminate pretend play through metacommunication. There are three research questions proposed: first, what metacommunicative strategies are used to organize children’s pretend play? Second, what are the linguistic features of these metacommunicative statements? Finally, does children’s use of metacommunication display a developmental trend? Participants included in the present study are two Mandarin-speaking children. Both are female. One aged two years and nine months old and the other is four years and five months old. Analytic framework adopted in this thesis is mainly derived from Giffin’s model. Giffin (1990) advanced a framework comprising seven metacommunicative strategies: enactment, ulterior conversation, underscoring, storytelling, prompting, implicit pretend structuring, and overt proposals to pretend. Results indicate that there are six metacommunicative strategies adopted by children during pretend play: enactment, ulterior conversation, underscoring, prompting, implicit pretend structuring, and overt proposals to pretend. Both children show a strong bias in favor of within-frame metacommunication during pretend play. In addition, there are linguistic features observed in these metacommunicative strategies. These linguistic features display children’s discrepancies in language development before and after three years old. Besides, how children with different age organize their pretend play through metacommunication is quite different. It has been observed that a four-year-old adopts ulterior conversation and overt proposals to pretend to initiate pretend play. On the other hand, a two-year-old child uses ulterior conversation and implicit pretend structuring as her play initiation strategies. As for play maintaining, older children develop various sub-plots or recapitulate the action format in order to sustain their play. Unlike older children, younger children’s ability to maintain pretend play is limited. However, it is observed that children as young as two years old are able to re-introduce the play theme into the dialogue after play partner’s interruption or digression. Furthermore, a four-year-old gives some concluding statements to end her pretend play while a two-year-old does not. As a result, the overall organization of older children’s pretend play is more complete than younger children’s. Our findings reveal the developmental trend of children’s use of metacommunication in pretend play and this developmental trend is closely related to children’s language and cognitive development.