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資訊業與食品業之品牌管理個案研究徐海超 Unknown Date (has links)
在全球經濟發展與產業價值鏈分工的趨勢下,過去廠商在製造上的優勢不復存在,台灣廠商必須尋求高附加價值的經營方式,以求長遠發展與持續獲利。而發展品牌為廠商影響消費者決策,並提高企業價值與創造競爭優勢的有效作法,近年來也有許多自創品牌廠商的成功案例,因此,如何有效地管理品牌,透過品牌來達成組織的經營績效,便成為台灣品牌廠商所關注的重要議題。
本研究的範圍包含資訊業與食品業,以國內三家資訊產業與兩家食品產業廠商為研究對象進行個案研究,考慮品牌經營績效佳之廠商,位於不同的行銷內外在環境下,對於品牌管理的相關決策作法、其背後考慮因素與造成作法上差異之可能,研究架構以品牌策略、品牌行銷策略與作法、品牌管理、品牌績效衡量…等變數為基礎。
此外,經由個案資料之彙整,本研究相關發現摘要如下
一、品牌行銷需能快速洞悉出顧客所需價值的趨勢:本研究的個案公司,均非常強調顧客導向的概念,並將此信念融入企業文化中,讓組織內每個成員均能以此為圭臬,位顧客創造價值。而在品牌定位上,個案公司也以顧客之需求為出發點,提供目標市場所關切的價值。
二、創新是廠商經營品牌行銷必經之路:資訊產業之特性之一,便是需要廠商持續創新以提供更好的科技與產品給顧客。而除了資訊產業的廠商之外,食品業的兩家廠商亦非常重視創新。為了持續提供更多的品牌價值給顧客,創新為廠商必須具備的條件。
三、產業特性影響品牌策略與管理方式:在跨產業的比較上,不同的外在產業環境會影響廠商的品牌策略與作法,如在品牌策略選擇上,資訊產業因為產品生命週期短,採取企業品牌能有效增加品牌之壽命與價值。除此之外,由於產品特性之差異,資訊廠商適合透過選擇性通路來販售具備選購品特性的資訊商品,而食品廠商則需要涉入密集性通路的通路端推廣,去建立顧客對於品牌的偏好。
四、企業內部環境影響品牌績效:廠商若能擁有顧客導向的經營理念,並重視企業文化與品牌文化之契合度,便能夠自然地由組織內傳遞品牌之價值給顧客,對品牌績效有正向效果。
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不同光源環境下的即時膚色辨識 / Real-Time Skin Color Detection in Various Lighting Conditions紀煜豪, Chi, Yu-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
在不同的光源環境下,顏色的資訊會隨著環境而改變,因此要做到穩定的膚色辨識並不容易。先前的研究指出,人類的膚色大致上可歸納於特定顏色座標系統中的一段範圍內。但是根據我們的實驗,這段範圍會隨著環境光源的改變而產生偏移,因此運用相同的標準,無法在不同的場景下做到準確的膚色辨識與切割。針對這個議題,我們提出利用影像中非色彩的資訊,找出最符合膚色的範圍。具體來說,借重臉部偵測獨立於色度的特性,我們使用臉部偵測的結果,做為調整膚色範圍的依據。實驗所得到的辨識結果,效能與效率都足以運用在以視覺為基礎的人機介面,例如手部與指尖偵測。 / Robust detection of skin color is a difficult task since color information changes under different lighting conditions. Previous research indicated that human skin color is restricted to a small range of values in certain color coordinate systems. However, the ranges tend to shift with varying illumination according to our experiments. It is therefore unattainable to derive a universal standard for skin color detection and segmentation for general scenes. To address this issue, we propose to use achromatic features to identify the proper ranges of skin color in an image. Specifically, we utilize the result of face detection, which is independent of chromatic properties, to guide the process of skin color range selection. Experimental results have validated the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed methodology for vision-based human-computer interface such as hand and finger detection.
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專業、民意與環境影響評估:環保署中央開發案例內容分析(1996-2005)邱玲裕 Unknown Date (has links)
環境影響評估法自實施以來已屆滿十二年,該制度首開國內將民眾參與納入制度中之先例,原本其立意是讓與環境切身相關的民眾得以參與公共政策,以減少衝突,然而,民眾不滿審查結果的相關爭議卻未曾停歇,據此,本研究認為應該找出開發案例特性、參與方式與審查結論之間的關係,以增進對我國環評實務的瞭解。本研究是以環境影響評估資料庫中的書件查詢系統為研究對象,主要目的在於瞭解1996年至2005年行政院環保署所累積之中央開發案例之趨勢,以期對於參與程序做實證評估促使評估機制獲得社會的公平與信賴,減少抗爭衝突之發生。
本論文首先透過文獻探討公民參與之意義與限制,並以理性選擇學派對於參與之詮釋,釐清參與可能遭受的挑戰與問題,其次檢閱目前與環境影響評估研究相關的文獻,藉此找出本文之定位,並整理各類文獻,建構本研究對於參與情形之評估構面與操作化問題,並以之為內容分析法問卷之基礎。
實證資料蒐集時,以參與主體、資訊公開以及民意調查五大準則先進行資料內容之評估、分類與編碼,據此進行統計分析與比較,最後進行訪談。整體案例共有440件,彙整統計資料加以分析討論,輔以訪談內容,得出相關研究結果,本研究之發現如下:
一、在整體趨勢上,以委員會年度而言,近半數之開發案例集中於90年至93年四年期間;開發單位方面,若將國營事業列入政府相關單位計算,則政府與民間企業的開發案件趨近一比一;在開發類別,顯示我國仍偏重交通之硬體建設之開發;在基地行政轄區,開發案例明顯集中於北部及南部兩大區域;在審查結論上,全部案例之中有八成開發案於第一階段通過審查。
二、法律規範參與方式之實際參與情形為,以公開說明會實行比例最高、環保團體之出席狀況偏低、民眾踴躍參與公開說明會,現場勘查參與情況不佳、政府人員與專家委員與民意代表參與習慣之差異。
三、民意調查之實行情形為,開發單位偏好實行民意調查更甚於其他參與程序、引導式問卷問題已逐漸改善,但問卷之效度仍須注意。
四、以440件案例中有舉辦民調之213件案例,探討民眾意見與專家結論關係,研究結果發現,審查結果通過之案例其整體贊成開發民眾之比例,明顯大於審查結果為不通過之民眾比例。 / The law of environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been implemented for 12 years. EIA, in order to reduce the conflict by facilitating civil participation in the policy making process, is the first institution for civil participation in our country. However, people’s dissatisfaction with the results of the environmental impact assessment never ebbs. Accordingly, this study attempts to find out the relationship among the development cases, methods of civil participation and the deliberative results, in order to facilitate the understanding of the EIA in. Taiwan.
The main purpose lies in understanding the trend of the deliberative result of the development cases in the environmental protection administration of the central government in Taiwan by means of assessing these cases, expecting to make the mechanism and its procedure trustworthy for society and reduce the emergence of the conflicts. The target of the study is 440 EIA cases from the electronic research system in the EIA database, from 1996 to 2005. To build evaluative items and check participatory pattern differences, the study is proposes three frames, including the participatory subjects, information disclosure and five major criterion of public opinion polls, followed by content analysis and data coding. After carrying out statistical analysis and comparison through the above framework, the officers were interviewed to verify and supply the previous results.
After integrating quantitative and qualitative results, the results of this research are as follow:
First, looking at the time period as a whole, nearly one half of the cases were held during a four year period (from 2001 to 2004); for organization of exploitation, the number of cases possessed by the government was as much as folk enterprise; for the classification of exploitation, the data showed that our country still stresses the development of hardware construction of the traffic; for the administrative areas of the exploitation base, obviously the cases polarize on the north and the south of the island; and the final conclusion of the examination show that 80% of the developing cases are being passed at the first stage of EIA.
Second, the actual situation of legal ways of participating is that public explanation meetings were held more frequently than other ways; the rate of attendance of environmental protection group and scene inspection was low; people participated enthusiastically in public explanation meetings; and there was difference of participation (participating) behaviors between the committee members and governmental officials.
Third, the situation of conducting polls is, exploitation organization prefer conducting poll far more than other methods; the situations of inductive questionnaire had been improved gradually already, still, researchers must pay attention to validly of questionnaire.
Finally, there are 213 cases of conducting polls out of 440 cases, which obviously shows that in most cases a favorable result (“pass”) is given by the people rather than an unfavorable result (“fail”).
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國際能源安全研究-以歐盟的能源政策為例張皓竣 Unknown Date (has links)
在冷戰結束與經濟議題的興起之下,非傳統安全在國際關係中所受到的關注越來越多。隨著石油危機的發生,『能源安全』開始成為討論的目標,也重重影響各國的國防、外交與經濟政策。然而,在80年代後所吹起的環保風潮,也使得能源的使用開始受到環保人士的監督。過去以經濟目標為主的能源安全內涵已經不符合全球暖化下的要求,新的能源安全典範開始融入『環境安全』與永續發展的環保目標。此外,在油價高漲的時代之下,『能源外交』的出現,也使得各國間的能源合作成為一種外交手段,俄羅斯的興起就是最佳範例。在能源、環保、經濟與國家安全的相互交錯之下,都使得現今的能源議題比過去複雜。
而歐盟正面臨的這種新式能源安全的挑戰,所以歐盟在2006年提出了《永續發展、競爭力和能源安全的歐洲戰略》的能源綠皮書(Green Paper)。在歐盟內部的能源政策目標中,積極希望能夠達成環境安全的要求來因應氣候變遷。同時也希望能夠配合歐盟的東擴,整合歐盟的內部天然氣市場,增加經濟與工業的競爭力;而在歐盟對外的能源戰略方面,主要是希望達成能源供應源多樣化的目標。因此,希望能與重要的能源生產國如俄羅斯、裡海地區與中東地區的國家建立能源合作的機制。最後,儘管面對許多挑戰,但是歐盟內部還是希望能建立共同能源政策,來增加歐盟對外能源談判的籌碼。
在全球化與氣候變遷的影響之下,能源生產國與能源進口國都面臨著不同的安全挑戰,並相互依賴著。沒有任何一方的獨善其身,都必須面對能源、環境與經濟的平衡。因此,希望藉由討論歐盟的經驗,讓其他國家在面對相同問題的時候可以有所借鏡。
關鍵詞:歐盟、能源政策、環境安全、能源安全、氣候變遷
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能源相關稅制對溫室氣體減量之成效探討 -歐洲十五國之實證研究林珮筠 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球暖化問題日益嚴重,許多歐洲國家於1990年代遂進行一連串的綠色稅制改革,盼透過課徵環境稅的方式有效改善環境問題;本研究即以綠色稅制改革的先驅者—歐洲15國作為研究對象,觀察期間為1995年至2005年,利用計量方法探討能源相關稅制對溫室氣體減量之真實效果。 研究發現課徵碳稅、能源稅等與污染排放相關之環境稅,確實能有效降低二氧化碳等溫室氣體的排放量;但以車輛為稅基的交通運輸稅類別環境稅則未能產生改善環境的作用。此外,研究結果顯示提高能源價格亦有助於降低二氧化碳等溫室氣體之排放量,而能源密度、發電結構及工業導向之產業結構皆為提高二氧化碳等溫室氣體之重要因素;且全部的國家皆因各自的天然環境等特質而產生二氧化碳等溫室氣體排放量固定效果。 根據實證結果,本研究提出以下建議:
一、 世界各國皆應加快腳步研擬一套因地制宜的綠色稅制,;亦可將能源相關環境稅之課徵與能源價格調升交互運用。
二、 應著重於直接對污染排放及燃料使用課稅,且可考慮廢除沒有實際改善環境效果的車輛稅、牌照稅等交通運輸稅。
三、 需深入思考經濟發展與環境永續發展間的抵換關係,若遇開發中國家礙於經濟發展需求及國家能力而無法於短期內轉型之情況,已開發國家亦應遵循京都議定書之相關內容及規定,盡力予以協助。
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能表達音樂特徵的人體動畫自動產生機制 / Automatic Generation of Human Animation for Expressing Music Features雷嘉駿, Loi, Ka Chon Unknown Date (has links)
近年來電腦計算能力的進步使得3D虛擬環境得到廣泛的應用。本研究希望能在虛擬環境中結合人體動畫和音樂的特色,以人體動畫來詮釋音樂。我們希望能設計一個智慧型的人體動作產生器,賦予虛擬人物表達音樂特徵的能力,讓動作會因為“聽到”不同的音樂而有所不同。基於人類聽覺的短暫性,系統會自動抓取音樂特徵後將音樂切割成多個片段、對每一片段獨立規劃動作並產生動畫。過去動畫與音樂相關的研究中,許多生成的動作都經由修改或重組運動資料庫中的動作。本研究分析音樂和動作之間的關係,使用程序式動畫產生法自動產生多變且適當的詮釋動作。實驗顯示本系統能通用於LOA1人體模型和MIDI音樂;此外,透過調整系統中的參數,我們能產生不同風格的動畫,以符合不同使用者偏好和不同音樂曲風的特色。 / In recent years, the improvement of computing ability has contributed to the wide application of 3D virtual environment. In the thesis, we propose to combine character animation with music for music interpretation in 3D virtual environment. The system proposed in the thesis is an intelligent avatar motion generator, which generates expressive motions according to music features. The system can extract music features from input music data, segment a music into several music segments, and then plan avatar animation. In the literature, much music-related animation research uses reconstruction and modification of existing motion to compose new animations. In this work, we analyze the relationship between music and motions, and then use procedural animation to automatically generate applicable and variable motions to interpret music. Our experiments show that the system can accept LOA1 models and midi as inputs in general, and generate appropriate expressive motions by modifying parameters according to users’ preference or music style.
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臺北縣新莊市中港大排水岸城鄉個案分析:公民參與觀點 / Jhonggang Drainage Cannel Waterside City Case study in Sinjhuang,Taipei:From the Point of View of Citizen Participation陳炳宏 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是國內少數以公民參與的觀點,探討環境正義落實,並以實際政策規劃佐以驗證。過去台灣公民參與政策規劃實例不多,甚至公民參與政策規劃意願薄弱,因為許多民眾不相信政府會採納他們的意見,總保持旁觀態度。同時,國內政策規劃模式並沒有提供公民參與機制,民眾不熟悉政策制定流程,也沒有相對專業背景,造成雙向溝通地方座談會流於形式。
政策規劃應以民眾為最主要利害關係人考量,利害關係人的意見應在政策規劃時就須納入考量並給予相對回應,以獲得政策合法性及追求政策支持度。環境正義的落實必須依賴政策的落實,同時也提供利害關係人相對的資訊,以供作出最有利判斷,否則推動環境正義的行動,僅淪為空談。本研究以臺北縣新莊市中港大排整治個案為研究背景,將規劃過程政府與當地民眾如何互動,詳實記錄並分析。冀望透過本計畫執行,能提供未來政府決策參考。同時能激起民眾公民意識覺醒,提升公民參與政策規劃意願,進而落實環境正義。
關鍵字:環境正義、利害關係人、公民參與 / This research is one of the few researches which aims to discuss the application of environment justice and verify it with a real example of policy planning from the point of view of citizens participation. In the past, there are few examples of citizen participating in policy-making. Moreover, citizens are not willing to take part in public policy-making, for the public doesn’t believe the government will adopt their opinions, is not familiar with the process of policy-making and doesn’t have professional knowledge about policy-making. As a result, the local forums between the government officials and the public cannot produce positive outputs.
Policy planning should regard the public as main stakeholder and the opinions of the “stakeholders” should be taken into account to get the legitimacy of policies and their support form the public. The application of environment justice depends on the application of policy. The government should offer the “stakeholder” necessary information so that the public is able to make the best judgment. Otherwise, the actions to carry out environmental justice will be in vain.
Taking the renovation of Zhong-Kang Drainage channel in Xin Zhuang as a example, this research records and analyzes how people in Xin Zhuang interact with the government during the process of policy-making in details. This research aims to become a model for the government in future by the execution of the project. Meanwhile, the research would like to activate the awareness of citizenship and increase the public’s willingness to participate policy in planning and carry out the justice of environment.
Key word: environmental justice, stakeholder, citizen participation
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家庭閱讀環境與幼兒閱讀態度之相關性研究 / The relationship between home reading environment and attitudes toward reading in early childhood林婉君 Unknown Date (has links)
閱讀是未來二十一世紀人才的關鍵能力之一,且閱讀態度是個體發展閱讀能力、展現智慧的動力。然而,我國卻又瀰漫一股過於強調閱讀能力,反而忽略閱讀態度的風氣。因而引發研究者關懷該項議題─父母如何從小開始在家中培養孩子一顆願意喜愛閱讀的心。 故,本研究目的為探討家庭閱讀環境與幼兒閱讀態度兩者間之關係、以及不同背景變項下家庭閱讀環境和幼兒閱讀態度之差異情形。本研究以214對就讀台北市公立幼稚園大班幼兒及其父母作為研究對象,由研究者到校發放改編賴苑玲(2006)之家庭閱讀環境調查問卷,請園方代為轉交至父母填寫,並根據回收有效問卷後,採用Saracho(1988)發展的學前閱讀態度量表詢問幼兒他們對於閱讀活動的喜好程度。將父母與幼兒填寫完畢的資料進行統計軟體處理與分析。
研究結果顯示,社經地位愈高者,其家中的閱讀資源、家長閱讀行為等情形愈佳,但親子閱讀互動方面則無差異,且無論來自何種社經地位,幼兒的閱讀態度皆無差異。而女生在家中的親子閱讀互動較男生頻繁,但男女幼童的閱讀態度卻無差異。此外,家庭閱讀環境與幼兒閱讀態度也無顯著的相關性,其可能原因來自於家中親子閱讀互動不足、家長閱讀信念強調能力導向,或受幼兒個人內在因素等影響。因此,本研究建議低社經地位的家庭宜補強家庭閱讀資源、家長閱讀行為的部分,無論何種社經地位的家庭、幼兒的性別為何皆應同等重視親子閱讀互動。並且家長宜培養積極正向的閱讀態度,幫助孩子理解閱讀是種享受、樂趣,進而喜愛閱讀。最後,鼓勵父母親多關心幼兒在閱讀自我概念、閱讀行為、閱讀能力等方面的發展,以便培養幼兒更積極正向的閱讀態度。 / Recently, Reading is important to everyone, relating someone’s reading ability and so on. However, Taiwan thinks highly of reading ability and neglect the importance of reading attitudes.Therefore,researcher is interested in how to cultivate children’s reading attitudes by home reading environment.The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between home reading environment and Child’s attitudes for reading, regardless of socioeconomic status(SES) or the child’s gender.Subject, 214 students and their parents ,were given the Questionnaire of home reading environment and early reading attitudes scale.
The results showed that the higher the socio-economic status, their home reading resources, and parents reading behavior are well, but there is no differences in parent-child reading interaction. And regardless of what socio-economic status, children's reading is no difference in attitude. Girls at home, parent-child interactive reading frequently than boys, but men and women with young children no difference between reading attitude. In addition, the home reading environment and child’s attitudes for reading doesn’t significant correlation, the possible reasons for the lack of parent-child interactive reading, parents emphasized the ability of faith-oriented reading, or by internal factors, such as children affected individuals. Therefore, this study suggests that low socio-economic status of the family wish to reinforce family reading resources, acts the part of parents to read, no matter what socio-economic status of families, children and sex should attach equal importance to both parent-child reading interaction. And parents wish to cultivate a positive attitude toward reading, help children understand that reading is an enjoyment, fun, and enjoy reading.
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新教科群2) 心と身体の科学(IV. サイエンス・リテラシー・プロジェクトII (SLP II)の取り組み)佐藤, 喜世恵, SATO, K., 高橋, 伸行, TAKAHASHI, N., 福谷, 敏, FUKUTANI, S., 山本, 裕二, YAMAMOTO, Y. 15 January 2008 (has links)
国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。
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檢察機關提起環境民事公益訴訟的相關問題研究 =Research on the relevant issues of environmental civil public interest litigation filed by procuratorial organ / Research on the relevant issues of environmental civil public interest litigation filed by procuratorial organ方瑞安 January 2018 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
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