現今企業為因應科技不斷創新及產業結構之快速變動，當顧客需求變動更加快速，且顧客個別需求差異又大時，企業要如何快速因應？本研究探討的主題以顧客導向、顧客關係與共創價值為理論基礎，探討顧客與企業共創價值的新商業模式；並透過行動通訊產業的實務驗證，對顧客與企業共創價值的流程、概念與互動關係進行研究，肯定此新商業模式之價值。研究目的包括：探討企業與顧客共創價值之相關理論、發展企業與顧客共創價值之新商業模式以及藉由行動通訊產業實務驗證此商業模式之價值。 延續共創價值理論、顧客關係管理以及網路外部性與行動通訊價值鏈等前人研究與理論基礎，本研究所提出的新商業模式概念以企業經營利潤的提升為目的，就顧客與企業合作之創價路徑以及時程演進進行探討描述。透過產業研究驗證得到，創價路徑分為價值創造互動點、關鍵樞紐公司、經驗環境平台以及價值轉運機制等四個階段。而時程演進則分為引誘期、維持期、成長期與更新期四個階段。而研究結論包括：此新商業模式創造獨特價值、新商業模式能夠協助企業因應產業變化以及行動通訊產業為新商業模式之應用先驅。建議企業在應用新商業模式上先就企業本身的產業定位及優勢進行全面性檢討，才能夠發揮本身的優勢，以發展平台整合目標資源，透過價值轉運機制即時迅速地提供關鍵顧客獨特價值。 / The thesis focuses on new business model based on co-creating value with customers. It provides an overview of distinctive features of the unique value creating by corporate and customer. The specific purposes of the thesis are to define the co-creating value with customers, to develop a new business model based on that, and to enhance the value of the new business model in conjunction with mobile communications industry. Based on the researches regarding to co-creating value, customer relationship management and network externalities, this thesis analyses the key players and interactions that form part of co-creating value between corporate and customer, providing a foundation for future strategic analysis and drawing on some of the key factors that may influence the take-up of the new business model---including value creating process (value-creating interactive point, key nodal company, experience platform and value-transferring hub) and timeline developing (inducing period, preserving period, growing period, and renewing period)---the thesis also provides predictions regarding the future of industrial applying. A field experiment was conducted in mobile communications industry. The experiment reveals that the new business model has unique value, the new business model can facilitate the corporate adoption to the variation market and the mobile communications industry is found to be the first mover in terms of the implementation in this new business model. The importance and managerial implications of the new business and follow-up research are also discussed.

永續校園能夠讓學校的學習者透過教育的過程及校園的生活，配合環境議題的探討，以改善生活及環境品質，並達到環境教育目標。為達上述目標永續校園在校園的環境上，應如何規劃以達到節省能源、永續發展、乾淨健康；同時永續校園設施是否能夠發揮環境教育之目的，獲得教師充分使用融入教學之中，成為本研究探討的課題。 本研究以2002年與2003年99所永續校園為研究對象，共發出99份調查問卷與1009份研究問卷，調查問卷部分共回收89份，問卷回收率達89.9％，而研究問卷則回收740份，有效問卷為729份，可用問卷比例為72.2％。訪談對象則訪問兩所永續校園的規劃人員。最後將文獻探討、問卷調查和訪談結果的發現，歸納出以下結論： 一、國民小學參與永續校園環境規劃動機主要為「改善學校環境」、「發展學校特色」、「協助學生親近自然」。 二、國民小學申請永續校園環境規劃最主要的項目為「透水鋪面」、「生態景觀教學水池」、「落葉堆肥」、「教學農園」、「多層次生態綠化」，且使用狀況良好。 三、永續校園環境規劃主要是由「總務主任」以及「校長」進行規劃。 四、國民小學參與永續校園環境規劃模式以整合案較佳。 五、永續校園環境設施主要是由「總務主任」、「工友」及「教師」進行維護，但學校人力、經費以及專業知能不足，設施維護不易。 六、國民小學推動永續校園發展主要遇到的困難為「所需經費不足」、「缺乏適當空間」、「行政者生態知識不足」、「缺乏整體規劃」以及「教師參與度低」。 七、教師參與永續校園環境規劃主要的項目為「資源回收利用」、「落葉堆肥」、「生態景觀教學水池」，而教師最常使用的永續校園設施為「資源回收在利用」、「生態景觀教學水池」、「落葉堆肥」。 八、教師將永續校園環境規劃融入教學主要遇到的困難為「耗費時間太多」、「相關資訊不充裕」、「學校環境資源不足」。而教師將校園環境融入教學的原因主要為「落實推動環境教育」、「採用多元教學方式」以及「實做學習效果較佳」。 九、有參與永續校園環境規劃的教師對永續校園環境規劃與使用認同感較高。 十、學校行政人員對永續校園環境規劃與使用認同感高於一般教師。 十一、大規模學校之教師對永續校園環境規劃與使用認同感較低。 十二、不同任教科目教師對永續校園環境規劃與使用態度沒有差異。 十三、不同年資對於學校實施永續校園環境規劃的態度沒有差異。 最後綜合研究結果提出以下建議： 一、永續校園環境規劃應繼續實施並予以推廣 二、「生態景觀教學水池」可多加推廣 三、規劃「生態景觀教學水池」與「教學農園」應審慎考量設置地點 四、設計時考慮建設經費以及後續維護費用 五、宜針對學校環境擬定整體且長期的環境規劃內容 六、鼓勵教師參與永續校園環境規劃 七、學校宜多舉辦相關環境教育研習以充實教師專業知能 / Sustainable schools can help students improve quality of life and environment through education, the school life, and discussion about the environmental topics; at the same time they can implement the goal of the environmental education. In order to achieve these goals, how should sustainable schools design school environment and does these sustainable school environmental facilities bring environmental education into play are this study’s purpose. 99 sustainable schools in 2002 and 2003 are the research objects. 99 copies of the questionnaire survey and 1009 copies of the research questionnaire are distributed to randomly-sampled schools. Out of 99 surveys 1009 research questionnaires, 89 surveys and 729 questionnaires are valid. The retrieval rate are 89.9% and 72.2%. There are two interviewees who are familiar with sustainable school environment planning. Finally, the conclusions of study have been made by analyzing the literature review, the questionnaire, and the interview’s result. Some findings and suggestions are described as below: 1. The main motivations that elementary schools join the sustainable school environment planning are ‘improve school environment’,’ develop school characteristic’, and ’allow student to enjoy the nature’. 2. The main projects of sustainable school environment planning for elementary schools application are 'permeable pavement’,’ ecological pond ','fallen leaf compost’, ’agricultural garden of teaching’, and ’the multi-layers ecological green-making '. Moreover, they have to be in good condition. 3. In most cases, sustainable school environment planning is planned by ' the director of general affairs ' or 'the principal'. 4. The combing model is better when elementary schools participate sustainable school environment planning. 5. Sustainable school environmental facilities are mainly maintained by ' the director of general affairs’,’ workers' and 'teachers'. However the manpower, funds and professional knowledge of schools are insufficient, it is difficult to maintain facilities. 6. The main problems for elementary schools to develop sustainable school are ‘insufficient funds’,’ lack of space’,’ ecological knowledge in administration is insufficient’,’ lack proper plan’ and ‘low participation of teachers’. 7. The main projects that teacher participate sustainable school environment planning are 'resource recycle’,’ the fallen leaf compost’,’ the ecological pond’; facilities teachers use most frequently are 'resources are retrieved and utilized’,’ the ecological pond' and 'the fallen leaf compost'. 8. Main difficulties that teachers incorporate sustainable school environmental facilities into teaching are 'too time consuming',' insufficient information’, and ’environmental resources of schools are insufficient'. Teachers incorporate sustainable school environmental facilities into teaching are 'implement and promote the environmental education’,’ adopt multiple teaching method' and 'learning by doing has better effects'. 9. Teachers who participate in sustainable school environment planning have higher identification in planning and using sustainable school environmental facilities than teachers who do not participate. 10. School administrative personnel have higher identification in planning and using sustainable school environmental facilities than general teachers. 11. Teachers of big scale schools have lower identification in planning and using sustainable school environmental facilities than other scale schools’ teachers. 12. There is no differentiation of the identification in planning and using sustainable school environmental facilities among different subject teachers. 13. There is no differentiation of the identification in planning and using sustainable school environmental facilities among teachers’ seniorities. After the study, some suggestions are made as follows: 1. Continue to develop sustainable school environment planning and keep implement and popularized it. 2. Promote the ecological pond. 3. Carefully plan where to build the agricultural garden of teaching and the setting place of ecological pond. 4. Budget construction costs and maintenance expenses during the designing phase. 5. Draft the whole and long-term environmental program of the school. 6. Encourage teacher participating in the sustainable school environment planning. 7. Schools should provide more relevant environmental education study to improve teacher's professional knowledge.

知識基礎學說認為掌握知識基礎資源，就可以讓績效提升，但忽略了組織如何運用知識的因素，Wiklund & Shepherd（2003）認為創業導向可代表組織運作的方式，恰可用來解釋企業掌握並利用知識基礎資源的成效。本研究以台灣的中小企業為主，探討知識基礎資源對於經營績效的影響，進一步探討組織的創業導向程度，和組織所處環境的變動程度是否會影響知識基礎資源和經營績效的關係。 本研究採用問卷調查的方式，針對1297個中小企業發放問卷，共計回收128份，回收率9.9%。 結果發現： 一、企業的知識基礎資源會影響公司經營績效 二、創業導向程度不同會影響公司經營績效 三、創業導向的程度正向影響知識基礎資源對經營績效的關係 四、環境的變動正向影響知識基礎資源對經營績效的關係 企業的知識基礎資源和創業導向均會影響經營績效，且創業導向和環境變動也均會對知識基礎資源和經營績效產生正向關係。

科技政策是國家競爭力的發動機，一國之決策領導者對科技「競爭情報」之掌握及重視程度與國家核心競爭力直接相關，攸關競爭賽局的勝負。因此掌握競爭優勢的國家「決策輔助諮詢系統」實是公共政策領域應注目之焦點。 「國際科技政策觀測系統」為政府首次針對科技政策決策需求所推行的環境偵測與諮詢系統，是政府推動環境預測、科技前瞻等工作的基礎。期望藉由本研究一窺科技政策形成體系中「決策輔助諮詢系統」及「國際科技政策觀測系統」運作之現況，對國家政策推動、決策運行、決策變革、科技經濟發展有助益與貢獻。 為能確實的紀錄整個專案產生與運作過程，增進信度與效度，本研究決定採取參與觀察法、深度訪談法、次級資料分析法等三種研究方法以深入故事現場。本研究所探討的問題聚焦在科技決策幕僚的輔助諮詢工作的科學化與加值效益，能開啟研究新世紀政府決策輔助科學化的序幕，豐富我國政府決策研究文獻，促進我國科技政策情報研究之成長與發展。 本研究發現「國際科技政策觀測系統」確實具備環境偵測與智囊諮詢的功能，一方面對於去除決策者的「工作環境不確定」產生極大效能，提升我國科技決策的科學化，另一方面對於提高智庫與決策系統間的鏈結產生重大效益，在提供智囊諮詢上使得觀測能量轉為對策能量。為因應多變的世界賽局，我國政府應立即進行以提升國家競爭力為思考的「決策輔助系統」改革，建立全方位的「政府競爭情報系統」，進行長遠的「決策輔助」人才培育計劃，強化決策效能提昇政策效果，以天下為師求勝於天下。

本研究旨在建立一套台灣企業危機管理團隊組織結構編制的整合模式，並分析出在不同環境不確定性中，其整合模式該如何調整，這樣的做法，是希望讓台灣所有產業之企業，在編制危機管理團隊的組織結構時時，均能有所依據。因此，本研究控制的研究變項有二，分別為環境不確定性與危機處理成效，藉由此二項控制變數，建立起整合模式。 本研究透過文獻蒐集與整理，得到危機類型、危機階段、組織環境、組織文化、組織規模等五大變數，其中將危機類型與危機管理階段定名為危機特質，將組織環境、組織文化、組織規模定名為組織因素，最後，本研究將危機管理團隊分為三部分探討，分別是人員編制、成立時機、權責賦予。透過4個成功利用危機管理團隊處理危機之個案，本研究釐清各變項間的因果關連性，建構一套整合性的危機管理團隊組織結構編制模式，最後，再探討出所處不同環境下之企業，其整合模式該如何做調整。 本研究發現，危機管理團隊組織結構編制的整合模式，在人員編制部分，主要受到危機類型、組織規模、組織無形資源的影響；在成立時機部分，主要受到危機類型、組織文化、組織無形資源的影響；在權責賦予部分，主要受到危機類型、組織文化之影響。 若將環境不確定性加入考量，在人員編制部分，當高度環境不確定性時，由於面對之危機類型複雜及多元，團隊需要更多因應危機類型而調整的機制，人員編制時主要考量的是危機特質因素，反之，在低度環境不確定性時，危機類型單純，團隊不需因危機類型而調整編制，人員編制的主要考量也變成組織因素。在成立時機部分，當高度環境不確定性時，考量是否該編制為常設性質的重點是其危機類型，並由於危機類型複雜，公司均以明文規定何時必須召集團隊，反之，在低度環境不確定性時，多數企業在考量是否該編制為常設性質的重點是其組織文化，並由於危機類型單純，因此公司以危機歷史經驗當作判斷標準的依據即可，而不會選擇以明文規定於危機管理手冊之上。 簡言之，在此整合模式中，企業所處之環境不確定性越高，其考量的重點會放在危機特質之上，而企業所處之環境不確定性越低，其考量的重點會放在組織因素之上。本研究認為，當企業在編制其危機管理團隊的組織結構時，應先從其所面對之環境為出發點，如此方能建立起符合該企業本身的危機管理團隊，而本研究也希望此整合模式，能給予企業在進行危機管理團隊組織結構編制時的參考。

本研究探討企業之環境管理活動，並選定「溫室氣體管制」為特定環境議題，分析企業在營運過程當中所面對的環保壓力來源（包括政府環保法規、壓力團體、上游供應商、同業競爭、顧客與消費市場以及企業本身）來了解溫室氣體管制對企業所造成的影響為何。本研究並分析企業在回應溫室氣體管制時所採取的環境策略態勢（分為不變態勢、因應態勢、預應態勢以及創新態勢）與綠色創新活動型態（分為產品綠色創新、製程綠色創新以及端末回收創新），從中探究環保壓力、企業環境策略態勢及綠色創新活動之間的關聯為何。 本研究將製造業分為「傳統產業」、「基礎產業」和「技術密集產業」三大產業，從中各選一家廠商為深度訪談之對象，並對曾經獲得「經濟部節能績優獎」之製造業廠商做問卷調查，後將訪談結果彙整搭配問卷調查結果分析得到研究結論如下： 1. 政府環保法規仍是目前推動國內企業因應溫室氣體管制的動力來源，政府應更積極推行溫室氣體減量。 2. 國內在環境管理的發展上真正達到永續發展的企業仍屬少數。 3. 國內企業已開始用製程綠色創新來回應溫室氣體管制。 4. 企業本身具有環保意識的時候，會產生較多元的綠色創新。 5. 越積極回應環境的企業其綠色創新活動越多，且較常先產生製程綠色創新。 6. 產業特性的不同會影響企業的環境策略與綠色創新，政府應針對不同產業個別推動適合其產業特性之輔導計畫與相關法規。

實體店面的腹地大小一直是每個開店業者所關切的議題，本研究主要目的是探討哪些因素會影響消費者至實體店面時所願意花交通時間的長短，並進而規劃出腹地範圍。這些影響消費者交通時間的因素包括「人口統計變數」、「心理層面變數」及「環境變數」三大變數。在人口統計變數上，分為性別、年齡、教育程度、可支配所得、騎機車習慣的有無、開汽車習慣的有無；心理層面變數包括產品涉入度、忠誠度、合理價格認知、時間壓力、財務壓力；市場環境變數包括居住地家庭式、連鎖式及高級式美髮店店數，以及對居住地此三類型美髮店消費滿意度。 本研究以東區美髮店消費者做為問卷發放對象，共計434份，透過多變量回歸分析，驗證出在探討影響消費者花費交通時間及其他行為的因素時，三種類變數共同考量可使整體解釋力提高，若三類變數個別討論時，只能解釋一小部分原因。 研究顯果顯示以下幾點：第一，影響消費者至美髮店交通時間的變數為「可支配所得」、「機車有無」及「涉入度」，意指當可支配所得愈高、有騎幾車的習慣或產品涉入度愈高者，將花愈久的交通時間。第二，影響消費者至美髮店頻率的變數為「可支配所得」及「美髮店種類」，意指可支配所得愈高者至美髮店頻率愈低，而高級式美髮店消費者比連鎖式美髮店消費者消費頻次更高。第三，影響消費者更換髮型頻率的變數為「年齡」，即年齡愈高，更換髮型頻率愈高。第四，影響消費者美髮花費佔每月可支配所得比例的變數為「年齡」及「涉入度」，意指年齡愈小、產品涉入度愈高者，花費支出佔比將愈高。此外，對於「外地消費」有幾點特別發現，第一，在性別上，離東區愈遠的都市消費族群中，男性消費比例愈高；第二，在年齡上，離東區愈遠的都市，年輕族群比例愈大，但忠誠度卻會因離消費地點愈遠而愈低。第三，住在遠距區的消費者，當決定要去外地消費時，七成以上會以高級式美髮店為主。 最後，從研究實證中，勾勒出台北市東區美髮店的腹地範圍，並從研究結論中對東區高級式及連鎖式美髮店提出行銷策略方案上的建議。 / Every company considers the potential of marketplace. The purpose of this research is to know the effects of Demographic, psychographic and Geographic factors on consumer’s transportation and consumption to Beauty Salon. Demographic variables include gender, age, education, motorcycle and car. Psychographic variables include product involvement, loyalty, reasonable price sensation, time pressure, and money pressure. Geographic variables include high level, chain and beauty salon store number near consumer’s house and the satisfaction for the beauty salon. The findings of this study illustrated three points. First, people who are of higher income group, or have motorcycle, or have higher product involvement will spend more transportation time. Second, people visit to beauty salon more often if they have higher income or visit elite level beauty salon. Third, older people change their hair style quickly than younger people. Fourth, people with younger or have higher involvement will spend less percentage of income on beauty salon. In addition, there are some special findings for out shopping consumer behaviors. First, the percentage of male population is higher where their houses are far from eastern area. Second, the percentage of young people is higher if their houses are far from eastern area. Finally, people with far from eastern area, seventy percent people decide high level beauty salon rather than chain beauty salon. This research provides some implications for marketing, including the potential of the marketplace and whom they could target.

依相關文獻探討得知，我國國家公園概以全盤西化的僵硬、不適宜的法令以及與原住民的衝突等原因，使得國家公園的存在與發展，產生多面向之問題。 本文研究之目的如下： 一、藉當前國家公園警察執行公權力現況之探討，發現問題並尋求解決之道，以符當地民情及環境正義，或提供有志者作進一步研究。 二、以平地型、高山型國家公園警察之執勤與各國家公園管理處政策之推行，探討各國家公園執法及政策推展之成效，用資策進。 三、從環境正義之觀點，提出能兼顧自然保育與保障原住民權益的建議方向，建構雙贏策略，使國家公園永續發展。 本研究以我國各國家公園為研究範圍，先就「利害關係人」 （stakeholder）對國家公園與環境正義互動之探討、分析，建構出國家公園警察執法與環境正義之相關問題，採用深度訪談法及兼以實地觀察法進行實證調查研究，同步藉由實地觀察法，探討問題之核心，取得實證調查結果資料與文獻資料對照，最後以「利害關係人」觀點進行綜合分析，依分析結果得出目前國家公園警察執法與環境正義間之整合，建構雙贏策略。 本研究之實證研究結果並配合引用相關文獻之建議如下： 一、對政策及管理層面之建議 （一）近程 1、強化國家公園警察執行功能。 （1）減少行政警察勤業務，有效發揮執法效益。 （2）建立環境義警制度，強化巡山護管功效。 （3）加強國家公園執法訓練，塑造警察專業形象。 （4）策進國家公園警察執行之公權力。 2、加強警察之人文教育。 （二）中長程 1、儘速增（修）訂現行不適法令。 （1）儘速配合修訂不適法令，俾利執法有據。 （2）擴大參與仿效設立緩衝區，保障當地住民權益。 2、導正利害關係人觀念認知。 二、對後續研究之建議 本研究囿於人力、物力，僅以我國雪霸、玉山、太魯閣（高山型）及陽明山、墾丁、金門（平地型）之六個國家公園為探討範圍，建議後續研究者可以擴大研究範圍，以擴及至我國林政單位之森林地域林班地與警政署森林暨自然保育警察隊為研究領域，將可更深入探討環境正義之各類相關性議題。 關鍵字：國家公園、警察人員、國家公園警察、公權力、環境正義。 / It is learn in accordance with relevant documents, our country national park laws and regulations stiffness due to totally Westernization, inopportune laws and conflict of aboriginal cause that the existence and development of the national park face more questions. The purpose that this text studies is as follows: First, make use of the police of national park at present to carry out state authority, the discussion of the present situation of state power, found the problems and seek the solution, in order to agree with local public sentiment and environmental justice, or provide the interested ones to do further study. Second, with the implementation of the policy of national park headquarters of every country on duty of the level land type and alpine type national park police, probe into the effect that enforcing the law and policy of every national park in order to urge on the progress of policy. Third, from the view of environmental justice, propose the suggestion direction that can give dual attention to the natural conservation and the safeguard aboriginals rights and interests, build and construct the win-win tactics, make the national park develop sustainable. This research regards every national park of our country as research scope, first , ‘the interested party’ ( stakeholder) is focused on the discussion, analysis of the national park interact with environmental justice, build and construct the relevant problems with environmental justice and the police of national park law enforcement, adopt the depth interview and concurrently observe on the spot to conduct the real diagnosis investigation and study, moving ahead simultaneously by observing on the spot, probe into the core of problem, obtains the real diagnosis investigation result material and compare with the literature materials, analyze synthetically with ‘the interested party’'s view finally, obtains at present the police of national park law enforcement and the environmental justice according to the analysis result the conformity, build and construct the win-win tactics. Real diagnosis of findings and suggestion the coordinate quotation correlation literature of this research is as follows: First, suggestion on the policy and management aspect. (1) Short range 1. strengthen the police of national park and carry out the function. (1) Reduce the administrative police's hardworking business, effective display law enforcement benefit. (2) Establishment the environmental volunteer police system to strengthen and patrol the mountain to ensure the efficiency of management. (3) Strengthen national park law enforcement training, mould police's professional image. (4) Promote the state authority that the police of national park carry out. 2. strengthen the police's humane education. (2) Medium-Long range 1. Amending the current inopportune laws and regulations as quickly as possible. (1) Amending inopportune laws and regulations as quickly as possible to enforce in accordance with the law. (2) Expanding participation and imitating and establishing the buffer zone, safeguard local aboriginals rights and interests. 2. Lead straight interested party's concept cognition. Second, suggestion on follow-up study. Due to limitation of research manpower, material resources, only six national parks are studied in this research including Shei-Pa, Yushan, Taroko (high mountain type) and Yangmingshan, Kenting, Kinmen ( level land type). Strongly suggest the follow-up researchers, in order to expand the research field to the forest region, forest class and forest and natural conservation police team of the policy unit of our country, can probe into all kinds of dependence topics of environmental justice more thoroughly. Key word: National park, the police personnel, the police of national park, state authority（or state power）, environmental justice.

綜觀歷年來多篇的空間環境與學習之相關研究，可以了解學習會直接與間接的受到外在環境的影響。因此學校建築空間甚至是校園創意設計若規劃完善，不僅是安全、舒適的學習環境，本身更是一套豐富且吸引人的教材，能夠激發幼兒的學習興趣與動力。幼稚園是學前階段的幼兒除了家庭以外接觸時間最長的地方，整體空間與情境的設計，應具活潑生動、自由開放的學習氣氛，這皆有助於幼兒發展想像力與創造力。 本研究目的旨在發現臺灣地區之公立專設幼稚園在校園創意設計上的表現情形，並探討這些公立專設幼稚園在校園創意設計規劃的現況，試擬具體之建議，希望能提供國內幼教經營者及教師在幼稚園校園創意設計與規畫時之參考。 本研究調查對象為臺灣地區14所公立專設幼稚園，訪談對象為該園所的園長及兩位教師，共計12位園長（臺南市三所幼稚園為同一位園長）及28位教師。實地觀察各幼稚園校園創意設計的表現情形，並訪問園長及教師對該園校園創意設計的意見與想法，以對校園創意設計規劃歷程進行了解。在資料分析上，觀察與訪談主要以描述性的方式記錄，校園創意設計的運用情形使用次數分配及皮爾森相關係數進行分析。 本研究結果如下： 一、幼稚園校園創意設計求新、求變原則最容易施作表現最多；求精原則 若妥善保存及維護，則將成為具價值性之教育設施；求進原則融入課 程與教學掌握得當；求絕與求妙原則表現較少，若能掌握要訣，則可 節省經費、增益設施功能。 二、校園創意設計的規劃理念與原則，強調自然豐富的教育環境，依園所 的物理條件進行規劃，重視安全性、教育性、多元性、多用性，並達 到節約資源的效果。 三、校園創意設計在園舍建築等硬體上主要由建築師決定，園長及教師表 達需求、參與討論，園內的校園創意設計主要由園長及教師設計，幼 兒主要參與班級空間及與課程相關的作品上。 四、園長及教師對校園創意設計規劃時的建議，面臨困境轉換正面的想 法，持續的思考與相互觀摩，考量幼兒的發展與需求則相信能造就園 所特有的創意設計特色。 最後依據本研究結果的分析與結論，對於教育當局、幼稚園及後續的研究者提出具體建議以茲參考。 / After making a comprehensive survey of learning environment, we can come to the conclusion that the external environment will influence learning conditions through direct and indirect ways. That is, if it plans well in school environment or school creative design, not only a safe and comfortable learning space it will be, but also a unit of abounding and attractive teaching materials. It can help young children develop their interests and enthusiasm. Kindergarten is, undoubtedly, the place that young children in preschool stage spend almost the most time to stay, if the family part is excluded. Therefore, the atmosphere of overall environment design should be active, colorful and free so that it will be helpful to develop children’s imagination and creativity. The purpose of the research is to probe into the recent situation of school creative design in independent public kindergartens in Taiwan. Ultimately, the researcher provides some suggestions to preschool workers and teachers as reference while they carry school creative design into execution after all. In this study, 12 kindergarten directors (3 kindergartens in Tainan were the same one) and 28 teachers of 14 independent public kindergartens would be interviewed and inquired about the concepts, ideas and feelings about school creative design of their kindergartens, to obtain a complete personal conceptions of school creative design. In data analysis, the data of observation and interview is recorded descriptively mainly. The statistics is gathered by calculating the numbers of how each school matches the principle of school creative design, and Pearson’s correlations coefficient is used as well to analyze the relationship between each principle, the category in campus, and kindergarten background items. The research results are listed as follows: 1. In the application of school creative design in independent public kindergartens, the principle of innovation is much easier to practice, so the statistics results are much higher than others. The principle of variety has better performance by holding the characteristic of adding or transferring the function. If the principle of elegance has a well policies of maintenances to keep and maintain, that will be valuable education facilities. The principle of improvement get well done by space or facilities to enter teaching and course. The principle of excellence and delicacy perform less in this study. After all, if policy makers take notice of the action points above, it will not only save money, but contribute to the function of facilities. 2. The concepts and principles of school creative design is to design the kindergarten in accordance with conditions of geographical and material features, attach importance of safety, education, variety, multi-function, and achieve the effect of resources economizing after all. The ultimate purpose is to provide a natural and abounding education environment. 3. The school buildings of school creative design are decided by the architect for the most part, kindergarten directors and teachers also express their need, and participate in discussion. Inside the kindergarten, learning environment of school creative design is planed mainly by the directors and teachers, while children mainly participate in classroom, hallway of class space, and works related to the courses. 4. That kindergarten directors and teachers’ suggestions for school creative design, communicating with each other while under difficulties, continuous thinking and learning from others. taking account of the development and need of young children is believed to create their features of individual school creative design. After all, according to the analysis and results of the study, some suggestions are offered to educational authorities, kindergartens, directors, teachers, and those who go further studies.

隨著中國經濟快速發展，許多中國企業選擇海外上市以因應全球化的潮流，雖然海外上市必須遵守當地交易所設定之規範與要求，但也讓企業享受到外部融資、提高股票流動性、增加知名度、改善公司治理水準等好處。本文則以上市地點之資訊環境作為判斷指標，探討中國企業以香港、美國、新加坡作為海外上市地點是否由於當地擁有良好的資訊環境。樣本期間為2007年，將分析師預測盈餘報導數量及盈餘預測誤差當作資訊環境的代理變數，分別用來衡量資訊環境之數量與質量，以OLS迴歸模型進行分析，本文所欲探討之議題之一為海外上市是否能改善企業的資訊環境，另一議題則是分析各海外上市地點的資訊環境有無差異。 實證結果顯示：一、以分析師預測數量作為代理變數，於香港、美國、新加坡三地上市皆能改善資訊環境，且香港及美國之間不存在差異，但兩地均優於新加坡；二、以預測誤差作為代理變數，只有當企業於美國上市時預測誤差顯著降低，於新加坡上市則預測誤差反而增加，顯示該地資訊環境品質不佳；三、公司規模愈大、盈餘波動愈小，則企業所獲得的報導數量較多，且預測誤差亦降低。