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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

從企業能力連貫性觀點探討策略性降低企業營運成本之觀念模式

張慶文 Unknown Date (has links)
企業為了在競爭激烈的經營環境中生存,如何不斷地讓產品與服務差異化,或是持續降低成本,就成了每一個企業的高階經理人必須面對而且思考的經營課題。但是,要如何持續性的降低成本,要降低那些方面的成本,對於企業的高階經理人而言,卻始終找不到一個策略思考的起點。若就過去傳統降低成本的思維,是以成本的角度來思考問題,用更便宜的原料、更廉價的勞工或者是減少一些服務上或製造上的流程,使得直接原料或直接勞工的成本下降,但是這並不是一個能夠持續系解成成本問題的好方法。本研究針對現代企業降低成本的方式,選擇日本的日立集團及台灣的鴻海科技集團,兩家分別在社會創新事業及電子零件代工產業經營相當卓越的企業作為個案,來探討如何以企業能力連貫性,進行策略性降低企業營運成本模式。 由文獻及個案的探索,本研究運用文獻所提供的矩陣,以「企業能力連貫性的程度」與「財務績效表現的程度」作為兩個構面,將企業策略性降低企業營運成本可以操作的決策分成六個構面,分別為「 Improve performance and sell」、「Sell or manage for cash」、「Leverage capabilities more effectively or sell」、「Use capabilities to build scale」、「Fix and create “ right to win”」與「Grow and expang」。不論企業處在哪一個構面,都必須不斷調整企業能力組合的體系,使這個能力體系具有連貫性,朝向高能力連貫性與高財務績效表現的目標前進,也就是朝著矩陣當中「Grow and expang」的構面移動。 經營環境隨著市場的全球化與科技的創新不斷地在改變,企業的能力也必須因應經營環境的改變有所調整。降低成本絕對不是短期解決企業經營問題的良方,而是要透過企業能力的組合,得到一個具有連貫性的能力體系,才能為企業持續性的降低企業營運成本。策略性降低企業營運成本,不只是要解決企業的成本問題,而是要使企業的營運成本具有競爭優勢,所以是相當值得業界與學界深思與探討。 關鍵字:降低成本、企業能力、能力連貫性、策略性
32

Preoperative Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Quality Negatively Impact on Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 術前の筋肉量および筋肉の質の低下が、肝細胞癌に対する肝切除を受けた患者の呼吸機能に及ぼすマイナスの影響

Shirai, Hisaya 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22377号 / 医博第4618号 / 新制||医||1043(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 平井 豊博, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
33

グルコサミン含有食品の膝関節機能および運動機能に対する有効性

神﨑, 範之 23 March 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第13026号 / 論人博第47号 / 新制||人||190(附属図書館) / 27||論人博||47(吉田南総合図書館) / 32954 / (主査)教授 森谷 敏夫, 教授 神﨑 素樹, 准教授 久代 恵介 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM
34

數位時代中多媒材的互動與搭配:以故宮主題式網站為例

黃齡儀 Unknown Date (has links)
數位時代的到來,浮現出一項重要的議題:多重形式的出現以及彼此如何搭配的問題。本研究問題為:網站中的不同媒材如何互動與搭配? 本研究以關鍵性抽樣策略對故宮主題式網站做深入的文本分析,並嘗試歸納其中多媒材互動與搭配的邏輯。研究結果發現:(1) 本個案透過「空間化的書寫」展現圖文的高度互動;(2) 圖像較常被用來表達文本功能上之變化,文字較被用來表現認知功能中敘事性以及概念性的意義潛能,透過圖文意義潛能交織,共享一完整之意義;(3) 當圖文共同表達認知功能時,圖像被用來呈現概念性的靜態細節描述,文字被用來呈現敘事性的事件過程。此個案中,圖像雖也可以表達敘事性,卻侷限於對話框的形式,仍需依賴文字內容的填補;(4) 當圖文共同表達人際功能時,圖像可透過各種細微的空間媒材變化而暗示人際功能的線索,然而,文字的呈現卻只能侷限於觀點與語氣的變化,仍需圖像功能的暗示補充,另外,當共同表達人際功能時,圖文卻產生了不一致的意義潛能,圖像暗示權力平等親切的人際意義,文字卻暗示了由上而下之權力關係;(5) 人際功能的不一致的狀況還發生在選項中,但也藉由和諧與搭配組合的對比,暗示了接下來可能之閱讀軌跡;(6) 故事中主要行動者與當下行動者的轉換主要是以空間媒材的變化而呈現,本個案中,故事中主要行動者的呈現被配置在版面左下方,而當下行動者則是以版面顯著性呈現,相對而言,文字較無法呈現故事中主要行動者與當下行動者的轉換。 另外,閱讀軌跡的分析中,可發現由時空媒材所組成之物件其搭配組合,空間媒材較被使用來呈現人際與文本功能之變化,時間媒材較被使用來呈現認知功能之變化,透過兩者相互變化的交織,共同構成了邀請使用者之意義。最後,也發現不同頁面間的不同媒材產生形式與內容之互文性,後頁的圖像可實現前頁文字的文本功能,以及對比句法配置的呼應。
35

從圖書館價值探討我國圖書館員基本專業能力

劉濟慈 Unknown Date (has links)
數位時代網際網路盛行,受到民眾喜愛但也改變了對圖書館的使用習慣,OCLC 在2005年《圖書館與資訊資源看法》(Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources)的報告中,調查讀者的資訊尋求行為和習慣,發現讀者使用網路搜尋引擎的頻率和滿意度等各方面評價遠高於圖書館資源。此調查結果帶給圖書館事業一大衝擊,反思是否讀者並不瞭解圖書館的價值?圖書館能提供什麼資源與服務?以及圖書館員的能力可提供什麼協助? 因此本研究旨在從圖書館的核心價值探討圖書館存在目的、功能和服務目標,從價值延伸出圖書館員的職責和角色,為以背負及擔任這些的任務和角色,進一步探討圖書館員需要哪些專業能力範圍與指標。本論文主要參考美國圖書館學會2004年擬定圖書館的11項核心價值,以及2008年擬定的《圖書館事業核心能力》作為焦點團體訪談議題的參考,經過三場焦點團體訪談後,擬定《我國圖書館價值和館員基本專業能力清單草案》,然後將此草案藉由問卷調查進行項目確認。 本論文研究結果產出我國圖書館價值共12項、圖書館員角色11項、圖書館員基本專業能力共8大範圍55項指標、數位時代圖書館新業務功能14項。研究建議包括提供中華民國圖書館學會作為圖書館價值與館員專業能力宣示文件之參考、提供國內圖書資訊學系所訂定學生專業能力之參考、提供圖書館任用新進館員與評鑑現有館員標準參考、對中華民國圖書館學會館員教育訓練之建議、提供我國圖書資訊學教育規劃之參考、提供我國圖書館人力資源規劃的指南、提供我國圖書館員繼續教育課程規劃之參考。 / Internet became more and more popular in the digital age, but it also changed the habits of library use by people. In 2005, there was a report from OCLC, “Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources”, which investigated users’ information-seeking behavior and habits ,and found that the frequency and satisfaction in using the Internet search engine by users was much higher than library resources. The result of this investigation made a great impact on the librarianship to reflect that maybe users don’t really understand the values of libraries, and what resources and services can libraries provide, and the competencies of librarians can offer any assistance? This study aims to explore the core values, purpose, functions and objectives of libraries, and then extends to research the roles and the core competencies of librarians. This study used two research methods ,which were focus groups and questionnaire survey. There were two main references to focus group, the first one was “Core Values of Librarianship” from ALA in 2004, and the second one was “Core Competencies of Librarianship ” from ALA in 2008. After three interviews with focus groups, drew up “Draft Statement of Library Values and Core Competencies in Taiwan”. And then the draft was confirmed by questionnaire survey. The research findings are as follows:(1)summed up twelve library values; (2) summed up eleven roles of librarians; (3)summed up a list of core competencies of librarians in Taiwan including eight categories and fifty-five indicators; (4) summed up fourteen new functions of libraries in digital ages. Based on the final results of this research, several suggestions are as follows: (1)to provide a reference document as “The Declaration of Library Values and Core Competencies of Librarians” for Library Association of the Republic of China(Taiwan); (2)to provide a reference document for the college department of Library and Information Science to draw up core competencies of students;(3) to provide a reference standard for libraries to evaluate new librarians and existing librarians;(4) to provide some suggestions of education and training courses for Library Association of the Republic of China(Taiwan);(5)to provide a reference plan of education and training for the college department of Library and Information Science;(6)to provide indicators to human resources plan for libraries;(7)to provide reference plans of continuing education courses for librarians.
36

能源管理服務業營運模式與智慧財產佈局策略之分析 / The analysis of business model and intellectual property strategy of energy service companies (ESCO)

陳志承, Chen, Charlie, Chih-Chen, Unknown Date (has links)
由於石化能源的蘊藏量有限,各國政府目前以能源的安全供給與環保的使用做為主要的能源政策,經過各國公部門與私部門多年來的努力,許多替代能源的技術雖然開始商品化,但實際上對於傳統石化能源依賴度的減少,仍舊有限。反觀節能技術雖然表面上不如屬於”開源”概念的再生能源響亮,但技術的成熟度與產業化對於減少石化能源依賴的貢獻度並不亞於開源的效果,尤其許多發展中的國家短期內勢必無法負擔新的再生能源技術所要付出的昂貴能源費用,能源管理服務業所能提供的節能效果,可以同時解決能源效率低落所造成的浪費以及環境的衝擊。 而能源管理服務業重點在於節能,歐洲與日本市場無論是民眾或是政府在開發替代能源與節約能源的議題上之成果有目共睹,但反觀耗能最高的美國、發展中的中國,節能議題相對來講更形重要,這與台灣的狀況相當類似,因此本研究期望經由法制政策面、產業面以及智慧財產佈局狀況,探討美國與中國之能源管理服務業之現況,並與台灣本身能源管理服務業之發展做比較,提出能源管理服務業未來發展上的建議。 1. 能源管理服務業不宜將有限資源過分集中於發展太陽能與風力發電技術 2. 以美國市場為鏡,以中國大陸能源管理市場為目標 3. 積極從事中國大陸能源管理服務業相關技術之專利佈局 4. ”中央能源管理服務系統”概念的導入-節能減排的技術與服務的創新 5. 發展能源管理服務業住宅之應用 6. 創新的融資模式 7. 人員的培訓與教育 / Due to the limited deposits of fusil energy, the safety and environment protection of energy use ate the most two crucial issues among the countries. After decades of development, alternative energy commercialization successfully started in developed countries. Nevertheless, it’s still not material enough comparing to the energy consumption now days. However, the effect of the energy efficiency technologies is far more practical for developing countries that do not have enough budget for alternative renewable energy research and development. With effective energy management, the Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) can reduce significantly the waste of energy and the influence to the environment while mitigate the impact of the economical growth of emerging countries. ESCOs profit from the energy conservation of their clients by enhance the energy efficiency in various categories including utilities, government, industrial and commercial sectors. According to present study, European countries and Japan in Asia have already developed outstanding environmental friendly policies both in public and private sectors. On the other hand, highly energy consumption country like United States and rapidly growing China just started to deal with this global warming problem and hopefully can still maintain the economy growth at the same time. Undoubtedly, we face the same issue here in Taiwan. As a result, this study is trying to gather and analyze information about ESCO industry in United States, China and Taiwan from three aspects, governmental policies, industry environment and intellectual property strategies to conclude as well as raise opinion and suggestion about the future development of ESCOs. This study concludes in following opinion and suggestion, 1. ESCOs shouldn’t emphasize all their resources to conduct Solar and Wind power technologies instead of energy efficiency technologies. 2. Learn the track of ESCOs in United States and focus on the market in China. 3. Aggressively develop intellectual property strategies about ESCO related subjects in China. 4. Introduce the concept of “Centralized Energy Management System” and encourage innovation of law carbon discharge and high efficiency technologies. 5. Develop ESCO model in residential application. 6. Develop creative fund raising tools for ESCOs. 7. Invest in education and training program related to ESCO industry.
37

中國能源安全戰略與中美關係 / China's energy security strategy and sino-U.S. relations

鄭雲杰 January 2018 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Government and Public Administration
38

冷戰後中共石油安全與外交政策研究

劉安賢 Unknown Date (has links)
中國的崛起如同現實主義對於國家間衝突的解釋,亦即國際間對於中國威脅的廣泛論述,不論其威脅是否真實存在,其對國際間的影響已是不可否認的事實。1993年中國成為石油淨進口國,這是自1963年以來中國首次出現的石油赤字,宣示了中國石油供應自給自足局面的結束,也開啟了中國能源政策對外擴張的開始。 中國正由計劃經濟朝向其所謂的社會主義市場經濟轉型,對於在2050年達到中等發達國家水平的目標而言,現階段的發展將是一個重要的轉折。中國的經濟發展計畫,預約了對於石油的消費,其能源消費結構的錯置與供應來源的單一性以及潛在的脆弱性,對於中國的能源安全來說無疑是一個潛在的負面因素。尤其是當增加石油進口成為解決中國能源安全矛盾的必要路徑時,對外的能源政策將是確保中國能源安全是否穩定的關鍵點。 國家為了能源的安全獲得確保,必然發展對內保護對外擴張的能源政策,尤其是仰類進口能源的國家,其對外的能源政策將更具侵略性。中國的能源安全戰略圍繞在多元化為中心的概念展開,包括能源的來源、種類、路線以及運輸與獲得方式的多元化。對內,中國透過多元管道強化本身的能源安全鏈,避免對於進口石油產生過度依賴。對外,中國領導階層積極的出訪,綜合外交的力量推展「能源外交」,全方位的在全球佈局,突破大國對中國軟性的圍堵,除了獲得實質的石油收益外,也開啟了中國外交的新趨向。 / China rises abruptly symbolizes the explanation of realism is on a collision between the countries. Meanwhile the world make a popular discussion about they were threatened by China. Whatever it exist or inexistence, but it definitely influence the whole world. Until 1993 China became the petroleum importer that caused first deficit in China since 1963. It announced to end in self-contained petroleum and commence opening the extensive of energy resources policy. The China is going to plan the economics that go forward and change into socialist marketing. For the 2050, they’ll expect to achieve the goal of middle-development country, and a turning point in the developing at this most important stage now. In their economics- development planning which bespeak the petrol expense is error of structures of resources expense, single-supply source and potential frailty. It was without doubt that potential negative factors for safety of energy resources of China. When they increase to import the petroleum, it becomes to solve the safety of energy resources was confusing with necessary method. An external policy of energy resources will ensure China to connect the safety of energy resources if it's stable. They need safety of energy resources was assured so that they must develop the policies are internal protection and external extension. Especially the country depend on the resources imported, the external policy will more invasion. The safe policies of resources are around the conception of diversity are origin, kinds, channels, transportation and so on. For domestic policies, China use the diverse channels to strong the energy in Security and avoid to over rely on the imported petroleum. For foreign policies, China leaderships are highly active to make an official visit and diplomatic power combined to promote the “Energy diplomacy”. They operated the overall strategy of global and broke through soft containment of super state to them. Therefore China not only gains much benefit of petroleum virtually but opens the new tending of diplomacy.
39

再生能源經濟政策工具之研究 / A Study on Economic Incentive Program for Renewable Energy

林益豪, Lin,Yi-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
在能源被最終消費之前,能源的開採、運輸或轉換過程都需另以能源為要素投入來源。現今再生能源生產技術尚處萌芽階段,許多技術之生產未能通過「能源分析」而尚處於研究發展階段,此時政府若以促進再生能源總產量為政策目標,並獎勵能源生產,可能導致不具生產效率的再生能源技術被使用,進而造成能源耗竭與環境問題的擴大。 本研究提出現今再生能源補貼基礎的錯誤,會導致能源浪費的情況發生,進而造成政策目標與執行結果不一致。針對這樣的問題,本研究以簡單的模型解釋問題發生的原因,更針對問題癥結提出有效的解決方法,並得到不錯的結果。避免能源浪費具體的解決方針為,改變舊有補貼「能源粗產出」的形式,政策目標應朝社會「能源淨產出」最適的方向發展,而這也是主要的研究重點所在。最後研究仍認為,讓所有能源價格反映其生產的社會成本,才是導正能源市場扭曲最佳的方法。 / The extraction, processing, transformation, and delivering of energy all need energy itself as an input. However, the technology for producing renewable energy seldom passes the energy analysis and is still in its infancy. If the government regards promoting the total output of renewable energy as a policy goal at this moment, it may induce inefficient technology to be used and may accelerate the exhaustion of natural resources and the degradation of environment. This study found that subsidy for encouraging renewable energy production based on gross output fails to solve the problem of market failure. It will lead to a waste of energy, and then cause the policy goal to be inconsistent with social optimality. This study explicitly solved the problem with a net output model. The contribution of this study is to prove that policy goal for renewable energy production should base itself on net output instead of on gross output. The best policy for solving market failure is to let energy price reflect its social cost.
40

能源安全治理與歐盟─俄羅斯關係 / Energy Security Governance and EU-Russia Relations

邱意晴 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要研究歐盟的能源安全問題以及歐盟與俄羅斯的能源關係,並特別探討歐盟與俄羅斯之間能源安全治理機制的內涵與影響。在能源安全上,歐盟與俄羅斯為彼此重要的能源貿易夥伴,歐盟自俄羅斯進口能源以補足其內部能源生產的不足,俄羅斯則向歐盟出口能源以賺取收益。歐盟與俄羅斯均獲利於雙邊的能源貿易關係,但基於雙方不同的進、出口國身分,歐盟與俄羅斯各自有其能源安全考量與相應之能源政策。上述差異使歐盟與俄羅斯的能源關係呈現既合作又衝突的樣貌,僅從單一面向並不足以解釋歐盟與俄羅斯之間的能源關係。 在歐盟與俄羅斯各自能源安全考量與政策的基礎上,本論文進一步討論雙邊能源安全治理機制安排,以及歐盟與俄羅斯之間的能源爭端。2000年,歐盟與俄羅斯建立「歐俄能源對話」(EU-Russia Energy Dialogue),處理雙邊的能源安全問題與促進能源事務合作。但後續2006年與2009年兩次俄羅斯與烏克蘭的天然氣爭端,以及2012年歐盟執委會展開對俄羅斯天然氣公司(Gazprom)的反壟斷調查,顯示歐盟與俄羅斯在能源運輸過境與能源市場規則等議題上時有衝突,能源安全治理機制仍有改進空間。

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