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股東會與董事會權限分配之研究 / Study on the allocation of decision making power between the meeting of shareholders and the board of directors.劉娟呈 Unknown Date (has links)
公司在法律上為獨立之法律個體,惟公司業務之經營與執行,必須仰賴「公司機關」來行使。尤其是股份有限公司,由於規模通常較大,股東人數眾多,若公司之大小事務皆必須由全體股東來決定的話,公司之經營勢必無法進行。是以,各國立法例針對股份有限公司之內部機關之設計與權責,皆訂有詳細的規定。而股東會和董事會作為股份有限公司中兩個最重要的機關,其間的權限分配問題可說是公司法制設計上最基本且重要的問題之一。我國公司法第202條即規定除公司法或章程明文規定之應由股東會決議之事項外,均應由董事會決議行之,一般認為乃係因應所有與經營分離之潮流。
惟近年來公司弊案叢生,公司經營者利用職務之便,不顧公司股東及相關利害關係人之利益,圖利自身,使公司之經營發生危機,更甚而危及整個金融體系之安定。各國立法例開始積極檢討,傳統之權限分配規定是否已經不符合實際,進而產生了公司治理運動。公司治理之重要性亦在我國受到重視,其中期待股東積極參與以維護自身權益的「股東行動主義」更在近年來我國公司法之修正中得到落實。民國九十四年六月通過之公司法第172條之1,明文引進「股東提案權」,即為其一。另外,公司法第192條之1亦引進了董事候選人制度,其中賦予「股東提名權」。
然而,現代公司法制因應所有與經營分離所發展出的各種理論,在適用上是否有檢討的必要?現行法下股東會與董事會經營分配的規定,是否有修正之可能?甚且,上述強化股東權限之增訂,相對於公司法第202條,兩者似乎呈現了不同之趨勢。公司法第202條之規定是否和「股東提案權」和「股東提名權」所揭示的股東行動主義有所衝突及矛盾?以上種種問題,本文從公司內部機關之法制設計出發,探討股東會與董事會權限分配之立法例及相關問題,並探討股東提案權及股東提名權於我國現行公司法之架構之下,可能產生之相關問題。
從最根本的股東會與董事會權限分配,到系爭制度在實務運作上所產生之爭議,做進一步之釐清與分析。
第一章為「緒論」,分為研究動機及研究目的、研究範圍及研究方法及研究架構等三部分。主要係在介紹論文之基本理念與架構,使讀者能初步瞭解本論文之重點所在。
第二章為「股份有限公司內部機關之權限分配」。首先本文欲先介紹股份有限公司之內部機關,接著介紹公司內部之決策是如何形成,以股東會中心及董事會中心兩種模式為主軸。最後,就公司內部個別機關加以說明其權限分配。
第三章為「權限分配之外國立法例及相關爭議案例探討」。本文於此部分介紹在美國及日本法下公司內部機關之權限分配方式,並針對股東會及董事會權限分配部分所產生之相關爭議問題加以探討。
第四章為「我國股份有限公司之內部組織與權限分配」。本章將介紹我國股份有限公司之內部權限分配。首先說明個別機關之權限,接著就股東會及董事會權限分配之部分,對於公司法第202條修正後所產生的後續法律問題加以整理說明,並就現行法下需要修正的部分,嘗試提出本文見解。
第五章為「股東提案權及股東提名權」。本章將介紹股東提案權及股東提名權之規定。首先就公司治理運動談起,由其發展連結至股東行動主義在我國被實踐之結果。第三節和第四節則專論股東提案權及股東提名權之相關外國立法例及規定,並加以介紹我國規定及相關案例。第五節則就公司法第202條之修正與股東行動主義之引進可能產生之衝突及調和,嘗試提出評析及看法。
第六章為「結論」。
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公司派說了算?——從公司派操控股東會議事論公司治理之願景 / Controlling Shareholders over others?Future of Corporate Governance in the Perspective of Controlling Shareholders’Domination over Shareholders Meetings張修珮 Unknown Date (has links)
公司治理之發展是國際注目潮流,OECD已指明「保障股東權益」是公司治理一項重要內容,而公司治理原則下的「股東行動主義」,是鼓勵股東參與公司治理。近年經營權之爭,公司派「依法」操控股東會之特殊現象時有耳聞,而架空股東會議事的亂象,使得維護股東權益變成空談。
有鑒於此,筆者擬在探究公司派架空股東會議事的內容後,分別由股務作業、股東會議事程序、委託書統計驗證與表決票(選舉票)封存作業與證據保全等方面,進一步提出改良股東會議事的策略,以求實踐公司治理的願景。 / It is an international trend to pay much attention to corporate governance. OECD identified that a corporate governance framework should protect and facilitate the exercise of shareholders’ rights. One of the shareholders’ rights is to participate in, and to be sufficiently informed on, decisions concerning fundamental corporate changes. Shareholders’ activism exists only while legal and regulatory requirements that affect corporate governance practices should be consistent with the rule of law, transparent and enforceable.
However, many controlling shareholders “legally” manipulated agendas and resolutions of shareholders’ meetings for the past years. In this way, shareholders’ rights could be nothing and there were little corporate governance remained.
Therefore, after analyzing how controlling shareholders manipulated in shareholders’ meetings, this thesis proposed strategies to improve the law on shareholders’ meetings. Such strategies included the aspects of (1) stock affairs, (2) procedures for shareholders’ meetings, (3) proxies tally and verification and (4) perpetuation on used voting slips or ballots. The author was expecting that there will be better legal basis to push ahead corporate governance for public companies in Taiwan.
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児童の自己抑制行動尺度の作成金, 慶美, Kim, Kyoung-mi, 伊藤, 義美, Ito, Yoshimi 25 March 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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駐車場所-駐車時間選択行動への離散-連続選択モデルの適用と駐車料金施策分析三輪, 富生, MIWA, Tomio, 山本, 俊行, YAMAMOTO, Toshiyuki, 森川, 高行, MORIKAWA, Takayuki January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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民眾參與社區環境改造之行動研究-苗栗縣個案探討王本壯, Wang, Ben-chaung Unknown Date (has links)
自1994年開始推動的「社區總體營造」,可謂台灣近十年來最具朝野共識的政策方案之ㄧ。研究者在長達十餘年的實際參與執行過程中,觀察到有兩項未曾間斷且持續操作的社區營造重點工作,其一為社造人才的培育,其二為社區環境空間的改造。而這兩項工作其實就是社區總體營造在台灣推動這十年來,亟欲達成的階段性目標,也對於往後社區營造的永續發展有著關鍵性的影響。
本研究嘗試從參與主體互動關係的角度切入,探討在「社區培力」的觀點下,在民眾參與社區環境空間改造時,所產生的政府、非政府組織與社區民眾,三個參與主體所扮演的角色、定位、功能與任務,以及各參與主體在人才培育的工作中,如何在學習成長的過程中,運用培力的方式以達成有效益的成果累積。
研究者採用行動研究的方法,以苗栗縣為研究場域,並透過對於社區營造、社區培力、民眾參與、社區環境改造與國內外多個案例等的課題分析歸納,並結合苗栗縣推動社區總體營造與社區規畫師等計畫的執行過程中,探究各參與主題的互動關係變化,進而影響其各自的角色、定位、功能與任務的網絡結構,以及有效的社區培力機制。
在經過2001-2005五年間的行動研究歷程,研究者發現三個參與主體間的關係應是由最初的「上下互賴關係」,轉變為「水平互動關係」,方有可能達成「三角互補關係」的理想社區總體營造網絡結構。而在不同的階段中,三參與主體的也應動態的變換不同的角色與相對應的功能與任務,以因時、因地制宜的推動社造工作。尤其非政府組織除了必須具備有「中介、潤滑與形塑」的功能外,還要能「提升社區民眾公共參與層級」的能力。因為,民眾對於公共事務的決策能力並非由其他主體移轉而來,而是在有效的學習成長過程中,創發出來的。而透過本研究引入「契約學習」的學習方式,更確認有效的學習過程應提供「提問式的教育環境」,教學者與學習者在一定的知識基礎上,於動態的互動過程中調整所扮演的角色,進而將所習得的知識內化為生活的一部份,再透過行為外顯呈現。
本研究在苗栗縣的特定情境脈絡下,探討民眾參與社區環境改造此類與生活密切關聯,但又需要專業知識與技能的社區營造面向,如何藉由參與主體間的關係轉變與互動過程,以及學習成長的社區培力機制的運作,應可提供相關研究人員參考,並作為政府、非政府組織與社區民眾彼此互動的依據,進而共同攜手打造社區願景。
關鍵詞:社區總體營造、民眾參與、社區培力、契約學習、社區規畫師、行動研究 / Community building can be seen as one of the most common understanding policies in Taiwan since 1994. Author of this research has been participating in the practical operation for over ten years, and observing two key points. One is talent cultivation; the other one is community space transformation. These two achievements are de facto the staged goals of Taiwan community building through these years. Most importantly, they have potentially influenced the sustainable development of community building.
With the angle of interaction of participants, this research tries to discuss that under the view of community empowerment, government, NGOs and community residents become the three main participants when the public takes part in the community space transformation. The roles, position, function and mission of the three participants will be examined here. Besides, for talents cultivation, how do they exert empowerment to accumulate the efficient achievement in the learning process?
Action research method is used in this research. MiaoLi County is the research area. Through analyzing the subjects of community building, community empowerment, public participation, community space transformation and overseas cases, and combining the executing process of the community building and community planner plans promoted by MiaoLi County, this research is to study the interacting changes of the above subjects. Furthermore, these subjects are to influence their own roles, position, function, mission network and effective community empowerment mechanism.
After five-year action research from 2001 to 2005, this research found that the relation of the above three main participants has changed from “Top-Bottom Dependent Relationship” into “Balanced interaction Relationship”, and been finally moving to “Triangle Inter-complementary Relationship ”, an ideal net structure of community building. In the different stages, the three main participants should also shift different roles, related function and mission to promote community building timely and properly. Especially, except intermediary, lubricating and molding, NGOs should have the capability to promote the level of the public community participation. For the public’s decision ability toward public affairs is not transferred from other objects, but created from the effective learning process. This research introduced “contract learning” to confirm that an adequate learning process should provide an “asking- question education environment ”. Based on certain knowledge basis, teachers and learners have to adjust their roles during interacting, internalize the new knowledge into part of their lives, and behave properly.
Under some special situations in Miao-li County, this research talks about the close relation between daily life, professional knowledge and skill of community building while the public participates community environment building. It also examines how these main participants transfer their relation and interacting process, and how to learn the operation of a growing community empowerment mechanism. These related findings and conclusions could provide some positive reference for other researchers. More importantly, it is hoped that government, NGOs and communities to cooperate to accomplish a concrete community vision in accordance with this research in the future.
Key words:community building, public participation, community empowerment, contract learning, community planner, action research
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非政府組織參與河川保育決策之研究鄭羽婷 Unknown Date (has links)
古今中外,河川的多重樣貌皆忠實地記錄都市發展變遷,爰此,河川發展與都市規劃密不可分,而結合都市河川整治的水岸發展是一個都市過度成長之再生途徑,而水岸發展之成敗繫於河川保育之良窳。以往圍堵河川之水泥思維,不僅切斷河川生物棲息地,更埋下自然反撲之遠因;然而缺乏當地民意考量之重大公共工程建設,往往侷限於單一目標之達成,忽略當地河川生態紋理與民眾需求等整體考量方向。近年來,都市居民對於生活品質要求提高,民眾參與理念成為落實都市空間改造的重點,以地方性非政府組織形式加入參與式規劃,係屬未來進行干擾自然、人文環境等重大公共工程建設計畫進行時需考量之必然趨勢。
爰此,本研究為建立民眾參與河川保育決策模式,推動自然水岸之都市規劃方向。於重大公共建設危害地方生態與生活之際,以「台北都會區環河快速道路台北縣側建設計畫」永和段之居民抗爭為研究個案,探討民眾透過組織參與、影響決策模式之目的,分別以文獻回顧法、案例比較法及深度訪談法等研究方法進行分析、歸納與整理,進而提出以地方性非政府組織參與公共事務決策之模式運作,作為政府採納民意於計畫之際可採用途徑之參考,並提供相關建議作為法令與配套之修正與努力方向。
基於上述,藉由檢視民眾參與抗爭公共政策事件中之背景脈絡與行動策略,本研究所得出之結果為:
1. 地方性非政府組織得以突破集體行動邏輯困境之原因,係以人數稀少的組織成員與攸關切身利益之房價漲跌等誘因,共同克服因公共財而生搭便車之河川保育及重大計畫決策的參與經驗。
2. 由於考慮自然生態保育及其維護係屬十分長遠的尺度,故現今公共決策的衡量過程中仍未能兼顧「開發」與「保育」,而河川生態保育仍為政策考量上之相對弱勢。
3. 基於參與理論提出之參與主體、時機與策略三個要素,影響地方民眾團體參與決策模式及其成效之重要因素包括組織中的菁英核心領導、公部門回應態度積極、理性策略運作、非政府組織主導及操作媒體。 / Throughout the history of urban development, various images of rivers honestly depict its transition. As a result, river development and urban planning are closely related. Waterfront development combining urban planning with river straightening is a way to regenerate an urban environment. Besides, the key to successful waterfront development is river conservation. In the past, urban construction not only destroys aquatic habitats, but also sacrifices the amenity of inhabitants along the riverbank. However, huge public engineering construction without considering local inhabitants’ opinions usually focuses on one single objective and neglect ecological resources of the river and inhabitants’ demand for living by the riverbank. Nowadays, urban inhabitants have become highly aware of the demand for quality of life. To improve urban environment, the concept of public participation has become a crucial and imperative measure In other words, urban planning with public participation is an inevitable element when it comes to public engineering construction plan.
Therefore, this thesis focuses on the participation of the residents of Yongho area. Yongho area is a part of Taipei metropolis, where the government originally planned to build a riverside viaduct along Hsintein River. The reason why Yongho residents oppose to this decision is that this riverside viaduct is nine stories high, which could gravely destroy the skyline of the riverbank area. This may lead to a series of undesirable results that impact on the living quality of Yongho residents. Therefore, they set up a local NGO to protest against this decision. In view of this opposition, this thesis tried to set up a feasible mechanism of public participation for river conservation policy and to build a natural waterfront city model. The study incorporates discussions of the interactive relations between Yongho residents and local authorities as well as the residents’ strategies to participate the policy decision-making.
Consequently, by examining the social context and game plans within a series of public protest events, this thesis has obtained the following conclusions.
1. Local NGO overcame the dilemma of free-rider in the logic of collective action with small group and a windfall in real estate prices.
2. Public policy-makers still cannot consider development and conservation simultaneously when making policy decision.
3. Three elements, participative subject, timing and strategies, highly affect the efficiency of public participation. These elements include brilliant leadership, active response in the public sector, rational strategies, domination of Non-Governmental Organization, and media manipulation.
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影響閱聽人改革電視新聞意願與行動的調查研究三議傑 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣社會瀰漫一股不信任、不滿電視新聞的氣氛,但為什麼不見民眾起身改革電視新聞呢?循著此問題意識,本論文擬定兩個研究目的:「瞭解台灣閱聽人改革電視新聞的態勢與情況」與「探究何種因素影響閱聽人改革電視新聞」。根據過去媒介改革運動發展和媒介素養的相關文獻,並考量研究資源的限制,本研究選定「社區大學」作為研究樣本,並於全台各地16所社區大學發放問卷,共獲得有效問卷552份。
研究結果發現,實際參與電視新聞改革行動(投書報章雜誌、上網留言批評、向電視台反應、參與社會團體)的受訪者人數稀少,改革電視新聞意願低落。
本研究尋找影響民眾參與改革行動因素時,發現「使用與滿足」、「媒介懷疑」和「無力感」無法預測民眾改革電視新聞行動。雖然我們從台灣社會與調查結果觀察到民眾對於電視新聞的不滿、不信任、懷疑、和對電視新聞改革的無力感,但這些負面認知並沒有影響民眾參與電視新聞改革的可能性。
本研究發現「第一人效果認知」與「媒介公民素養」為預測台灣民眾改革電視新聞行動的顯著因子。首先「第一人效果認知」與改革電視新聞行動的發現,證實唯有當民眾認為電視新聞對自己產生影響時,才願意起身改革電視新聞。此項實證結果挑戰了「第三人效果認知」中行動成分的假說。
其次「媒介公民素養」越高的民眾,參與電視新聞改革行動的機率也越高。此發現鼓勵社區大學與媒介改革運動人士持續開設「媒介公民素養」相關課程,藉由課程培養民眾參與電視新聞改革、關心電視新聞內容品質的意願和動力。
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以狩野品質模型探討排隊資訊透明化、服務品質和顧客滿意度的關係 / Application of Kano model to the relationships of queueing information provision, service quality, and customer satisfaction聶齊佑 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著現代人越來越忙碌的生活步調,排隊帶來的負面情緒影響也越來越大;對於企業而言,必須面對因為在消費的過程中等待,而造成顧客對於服務評價降低的現象。當許多研究致力於提出應對排隊問題的可行方案時,時代的推進帶來了行動裝置與網路的普及化,也因此出現了透過應用程式推播排隊資訊,藉此舒緩顧客負面情緒的解決方案。本研究串聯排隊心理、知覺管理…等不同的研究議題,在不同的消費情境中,透過狩野模型(Kano model)探索排隊資訊具備的服務品質,以及透過SERVQUAL的概念建構研究模型,驗證排隊資訊的整體服務品質與顧客滿意度之間的關係。研究結果發現排隊資訊具備的服務品質,多數歸類於魅力品質 (Attractive quality) 要素,一維品質(One-dimensional quality)要素則為其次,其中服務品質大多維持著一致性,但消費情境會對於特定幾項服務品質的帶來影響。研究模型亦驗證了排隊資的整體服務品質和顧客滿意度有正向關係。 / The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of queue information provisions. As we observe the latest application of revealing queue information via mobile device to deal with the queuing management problem, this research intends to provide a new viewpoint of queuing information crossing different research issues. We develop research framework from four facets: (1) perception management, (2) queuing research, (3) Kano model, and (4) SERVQUAL. The research is divided into three parts. First, via Kano model we find the service quality of queuing information and categorize the service qualities into 6 categories. Second, we examine the relationships between the overall service quality of queuing information provision and customer satisfaction. Third, we are also concerned the impact of consume situation, so the hypothesis will be tested in the different simulated situation in experiment. According to the result, we discover that most queuing information provisions’ service qualities are attractive quality dimension and One-dimensional quality. Besides, the hypothesis of queuing information provisions’ service quality is accepted, which also proves the results which we find in the first part of this research by Kano model. Finally, this research examines the effect of consume situations on the queuing information, and we also have further discussion about the exception situation.
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行動App之創新研究 / Study for the innovation of mobile Apps翁菀瑜, Weng, Wan Yu Unknown Date (has links)
在2012年行動App有持續性的成長,主要成長動能來自於智慧型手機及平板市場的成長。根據國際數據公司IDC的報告與預測, 2012年智慧型手機出貨量將成長至約7億台,年成長率42%,平板出貨量將成長至10,740萬台,年成長率54%。在智慧行動裝置(智慧型手機、平板等)快速成長的帶動之下,行動App的市場規模亦越來越大, 根據IDC預估,全球行動App的下載數量將由2011年的300億次成長至2012年的733億次,成長率達143%。行動App營收來源不僅僅只有單次付費下載及App內付費兩種,還包括了訂閱、App內廣告或下載等其他方式。但是,其實App的獲利方式有很多種,只要讓消費者持續使用App,除了在App內提供服務讓消費者付費來獲利之外,還能透過App連結的廣大生態圈來尋找第三方付費甚至其他模式來獲得營收。
在App產業內,「免費下載」成為吸引消費者的常用方式,2012年免費App的下載數目已是付費App的10倍以上。因此本論文欲探討在免費App的產業競爭裡,App廠商如何透過「創新」來獲取價值,透過個案研究,欲研究的問題如下:
1. 廠商透過什麼樣創新的途徑在App市場裡競爭?
2. 創新為消費者帶來了什麼樣的使用者體驗?
3. 廠商若是能創造良好的使用者體驗,是否能由此持續獲取價值?
透過國外成功個案的分析結果,發現廠商透過以下創新途徑在App市場內競爭:1. App技術創新;2. App服務創新,有以下方式,1) 將技術創新轉變或延伸為各式服務;2) 連到更大的夥伴網絡或生態系統,甚至創造自己的生態系,來重新設計服務價值鏈;3) 免費的商業模式,透過贈送最有價值的資源來培養用戶基礎,才有可能在商業模式上創新。廠商透過創新可帶給使用者的經驗如下:1. 創新的使用需求;2. 降低使用者的成本;3.連結其他服務的入口平台。而廠商創造良好的使用者體驗能持續獲取價值,並且在消費者使用過程中獲取利益的方式如下:1. 透過免費服務或產品與使用者產生連結;2. 不斷更新的服務或內容,讓使用者願意持續使用;3. 給予使用者自定功能的服務來互利雙方,若是使用者不用,此功能亦不會影響服務品質;4. 「無廣告」模式能創造良好的消費者體驗。App透過以上方式能增加使用者忠誠度,透過技術或服務創新能改變商業模式;而良好的使用者經驗的確能夠為廠商獲取價值,透過不斷的創新來幫助增加使用者經驗,透過服務鏈的延伸來改變商業模式,就有機會在使用者的使用過程中獲取價值。
進一步研究台灣廠商現況,透過個案分析發現台灣廠商目前在商業模式上較無創新,但是在技術創新與服務創新的模式上已逐漸累積經驗;台灣廠商對於產品開發的方式分成兩種:一種為產品項目上的連續創新,另一種則為單一產品的漸進式創新;雖然台灣廠商進入App產業的時間不久,但是經過兩年市場經驗的累積,已逐漸了解市場消費者需求,期望能進一步改變商業模式並且朝向國際化市場。
隨著智慧型手機及平板的普及化,只要消費者願意下載行動App至其智慧行動裝置上,此App就是消費者體驗其服務的入口,再加上設計製作行動App的技術及資金門檻不高,因此各家廠商皆在思考如何透過App強化其使用體驗並且進而獲利,前提建構在消費者「願意」下載並且「持續使用」App,因此透過免費下載的模式來增加消費者的下載及使用意願,「免費」使用降低了使用者的進入門檻,良好的使用者經驗更增加了消費者對此App及其服務的忠誠度;當越來越多消費者使用後形成的規模經濟,廠商就有機會經由商業模式的創新持續獲取價值並獲利。智慧型裝置改變了消費者對電子產品的使用方式,連帶創造行動App產業的興起,藉由行動App讓各家廠商拉近與消費者之間的距離,讓廠商渴望創新以吸引消費者目光,因此行動App生態圈的擴大與成熟指日可待。 / In 2012, mobile Apps markets continue to grow since the growth of smartphone market and tablet market. IDC forecasts smartphone shipment volumes will reach 700 million units with annual growth rate of 42% in 2012. And tablet shipment volume will reach 107 million units with annual growth rate of 54%. The market size of mobile Apps would become larger due to the rapid growth of smart mobile device (smartphones/tablets) market. According to IDC’s prediction, worldwide download numbers of mobile Apps grows at 143% year-over-year from 30 billion times in 2011 to 73 billion times in 2012. Revenue of mobile Apps comes from paid Apps but also from in-App advertisement, in-App purchase, subscription and so on. As long as consumers are willing to continue to use the App, the App vendor may make revenue from their customers by some creative business models but not limited to what we had mentioned above.
In App market, the most popular way to catch consumers’ eye is “free download.” The download numbers of free Apps are ten times greater than paid Apps in 2012. Although free downloads attract many trial users, App vendors should focus on that how to make their customers re-open the App or continue using the App. Therefore, this theory would like to study on that how App vendors gain value via innovations in the free App competition. Base on case study research, we would like to study the following topics.
1. What kinds of innovations are created by vendors in the competition of App market?
2. What kinds of user experiences are created by the innovation?
3. How do vendors continue to gain value by the great user experiences?
According to the analysis result, we have found that App venders have two kinds of innovations. One is technical innovation and the other one is service innovation. There are three kinds of methods for service innovation. 1) To transform or to stretch technical innovation to other services. 2) To connect with larger partner networks or ecosystems. Even to create own ecosystem to re-design service value chain. 3) Free business model – it is possible to have an innovation on business model by gifting customers the worthiest resources to gain customer base. Furthermore, customers can gain good user experience via innovations in the following ways. 1) Vendors should try to create new needs. 2) The App can reduce customers’ cost. 3) The App can be the entrance to connect other platform. Therefore, the methods to enhance user experience are as shown below. 1) To connect with customers by free services or free products. 2) To update contents or services continuously to raise customers’ willing-to-use. 3) To give customers customized services. If customers don’t use the service, it will not influence their user experiences. 4) “Non-advertising” can create wonderful user experiences. As a result, App vendors can earn customers’ loyalty according to given above. To sum up, App vendors win competition and change business model by technical innovation and service innovation that creates great user experiences and worthful value as well. If vendors can keep innovating to enhance user experience and can stretch service value chain to change business model, it is possible to capture value in the customers’ experiencing process.
Lastly, we have studied current situation of Taiwanese App vendors and had found that Taiwanese vendors have no innovation on business model but have some experience on product innovation. There are two kinds of product innovation. One is continuous innovation and the other one is incremental innovation. Although Taiwanese vendors are still new comers in App market, they are finding out customers’ needs and wants. They are expected to have more innovations so that they can be seen in a global market.
In conclusion, the App is the knocking brick of great mobile experience since most people have smart mobile devices with Apps. Further, designing an App is not a tough barrier. All vendors are thinking about how to enhance user experience and get revenue as well. Free download brings more customers and great user experiences make customers’ loyalty. If more and more customers join to a point of economies of scale, vendors will have chance to innovate and to make value sustainably. Smart mobile devices change users’ behavior and create the market of mobile Apps. Mobile apps make vendors and customers closer so that vendors eager innovations to catch customers. App market is expected to become mature in the near future.
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探討網絡化社運中社會網絡之形構- 以苗栗大埔事件為例 / The formation of social network in the networked social movement: A case study of Miao-li Da-pu鄭雅云, Cheng, Ya Yun Unknown Date (has links)
近幾年的大規模社會抗爭運動,不像過往傳統社運組織由上而下的動員,強調一致的意識形態和認同作為號召,而是透過網際網路與社交媒體的訊息擴散與中介動員,形成水平式的串連。面對這種新型態的網絡化社會運動,Bennett & Segerberg(2013)提出連結性行動(connective action)概念,強調個人化行動框架的重要性,以及組織在這些新型態社會運動中扮演的不同角色。本研究以2013年苗栗大埔農地徵收一案作為本地的連結性行動個案,觀察社交媒體上的浮現社群和既有的社運組織之連結,探討線上與線下參與者之串連如何使此案成為眾所關注的社會抗爭事件。
本研究採取複合式研究方法進行資料蒐集與分析,研究場域包括線上社交媒體與線下田野觀察,並訪談實際參與者。研究發現,在2013年苗栗大埔事件中,透過社交媒體的訊息擴散與動員參與,一波又一波的訊息擴散累積為下次的動員能量,號召更多的個別行動者參與;再者,社運組織作為一個連結平台,讓線上社交媒體的議題社群,有機會與在地抗爭者共同參與活動,並捲動不同社運組織之間的連結,形成社運組織「網絡的網絡」的協作圈。 / In the 2013, residents of Miao-li Da-pu fought for their living right against the government. They organized a series of protest by mobilizing people through social media. This was one of the several high-profile networked social movements in recent years.
Adopting “the logic of connective action” from Bennett & Segerberg (2013) as the conceptual framework, this study examines the online and offline social networks of activist organizations during the protest events of Miao-li Da-pu.
This analysis indicates that the protest’s information flows on the social media may recruit more individuals to participate the protest. Moreover, the organizations enabled “the network of networks”, which is linked to the networks belonging to different organizations. The role of organization in the protest is not only to mobilize the resources but also an enrolling platform to connect various individuals and local residents to work together.
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