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教師發展標準取向(Standards-based)課程之行動探究──以國民中學課程為例── / A Collaborative Action Research in Standards-based封四維, Sweet Feng January 1993 (has links)
這是集合專家智庫與教師協同研究團隊共同參與、分享與學習的旅程。其研究目的在於釐清教改相關詞彙的真正意涵,探究標準取向課程理論與實踐的相關策略及其配套,以建構一合理可行的標準取向課程發展模式,從而成就課程變革由混沌轉為清明的契機。首先,透過文獻探討與工作坊研習,集體慎思標準、能力指標、核心問題、科際整合、指標性評分等關聯性意義及其對課程變革的影響,瞭解學校課程地圖的規劃、課程發展路徑、及評量機制的更新;次而對照台北美國學校的實地觀摩體驗,參與研究教師協同配合學校教學,進行英語文與其他學科整合的課程設計;最後在台北二所國中,以協同行動研究方法,進行理論與實作交互辯證的實驗教學,探索標準取向課程落實在教室現場的可行性。運用觀察、訪談、錄影、日誌與反省札記等,自2003年9月至2004年6月,長期實地觀測參與研究教師進行課程構思、實作與反省的歷程,比較學生的實作表現的差異,分析標準取向課程實施的方式及其限制,了解核心問題、指標性評分的功能,及其對學習邁向深度理解的影響。綜合研究分析與討論,獲致以下的結論:
1. 篩選標準是展示優質教學的重要手段,而標準的落實必須是團隊分享而非獨立作業。核心問題與探究學習則是邁向理解學習的關鍵指標。
2. 課程是為解決問題才產生的,科際整合的課程應該是用來解決課程需碎片段的組合,並提供更多的關聯性。有助於學生袪除傳統知識的刻板印象,主動積極擴展學習的視野。
3. 協同行動研究即是一解決問題,探究學習的歷程,它需要熱情、協同、好奇、反省與承諾,它也是增進教師專業知能成長的有力方式。
4. 能力的培養不是速成的,必須採標準與指標性評分活用於教室教學,以規準引導,範例說明,運用實作表現重組學生的知識基模,化為智慧能力,以落實多元質性評量的真意。
5. 課程改革應以期望學習成果或意圖的學習成果做為領域的課程目標,透過單元課程融入情意價值的潛移默化,以展現課程美學。
同時,陳述研究心得與建議,並對後續進階研究作出具體的規劃。簡言之,整體研究均在揭示:如何使學生喜歡上課,享受學習樂趣,擁有契而不捨的探究精神與實作能力,以彰顯教育改革的核心價值。 / This was a school reform study to enhance teachers’ capacity. The purpose of the research was to explore the standards-based curriculum development and build an accessible procedure. The whole process including three periods: (1)Group deliberation period, the researcher and partners learned a great deal about the practical knowledge needed to meet the objective of the study in the workshop. And then widely sifted the literature review materials. (2)Development period, the researcher and teammate made two problem-based interdisciplinary curriculum. And design rubrics to improve the approach of performance based assessment. (3)Implementation period, The field study with collaboration is to investigate the trial outcomes. There are five conclusions resulted from the study, which were as follows: (1)Standards, benchmarks and essential questions are key factors to curriculum quality. (2)The integrated curriculum program is to enhance students’ learning toward enduring understanding, and help them to become independent learners. (3)Teachers’ teamwork and professional conversation is the best policy to solve problems. (4)Professional capacity development is the critical mission of schooling. (5)The goal of curriculum renewal is to empower students to be active learners thus taking responsibility for their own studies.
Above all, Teachers as transformative knowledge workers, think globlly, and act locally, to generate exciting new learning models and real-world performance standards. Meanwhile, the researcher does a follow-up project that support the creation and adoption of interdisciplinary curriculum frameworks to reflect today’s complicated socities.. / 第一章 緒 論……………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究背景、動機與重要性……………………………… 5
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………… 13
第三節 研究問題………………………………………………… 14
第四節 研究限制………………………………………………… 15
第五節 名詞釋義………………………………………………… 17
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………… 21
第一節 標準的核心理念及其與課程的關係…………………… 23
第二節 深度理解、核心問題與標準的關連性 ……………… 42
第三節 科際整合課程意義與設計原則………………………… 57
第四節 探究學習與批判思考教學……………………………… 71
第五節 指標性評分意涵及其應用 …………………………… 95
第六節 多元智慧的教師知識管理……………………………… 113
第三章 研究方法與實施策略…………………………………… 127
第一節 進入教室場域前的準備工作………………………… 128
第二節 研究者的相關經驗與研究方式……………………… 131
第三節 進入教室場域的研究策略……………………………… 134
第四節 研究資料蒐集與整理分析…………………………… 145
第五節 研究品質多元觀點的建置…………………………… 149
第四章 研究發現與討論分析(一)……………………………… 153
第一節 課程慎思與文獻探究…………………………………… 154
第二節 課程發展與科際整合…………………………………… 166
第三節 課程實踐與行動探究 (一)…………………………… 183
第四節 課程實踐與行動探究(二)…………………………… 201
第五章 研究發現與討論分析(二)……………………………… 211
第一節 知識藝術與建構學習…………………………………… 212
第二節 科際整合與教室評量…………………………………… 219
第三節 心智習性與知識管理…………………………………… 226
第四節 思考教學與閱讀理解…………………………………… 236
第六章 結論與建議………………………………………………… 245
第一節 結論與省思……………………………………………… 246
第二節 分享與建議……………………………………………… 254
參考資料……………………………………………………………………… 237
附 錄
附錄一………………………………………………………………………… 261
附錄二………………………………………………………………………… 271
附錄三………………………………………………………………………… 295
附錄四………………………………………………………………………… 321
附錄五………………………………………………………………………… 337
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在商業智慧系統中雲端行動運算應用之研究 / A Research into the Applications of Cloud-ready Mobile Computing with Respect to Business Intelligence楊瑞涵, Yang, Rui Hn Unknown Date (has links)
全球每日產出的資料量持續成長,龐大的資料量、雜亂的資料檔案格式造成資料處理的困難;此外,全球智慧型手機的出貨量持續上升,未來將會至少人手一台行動裝置,同時行動網路的效能提升將可負荷更多的資料流量,行動工作者的數量也因此逐年增加。對商業智慧系統而言,透過企業資料的分析可以發現資訊之間的關連與隱藏其中的事實,讓使用者掌握更多的知識用於決策,分析的資料來源越豐富,其可提供做為決策用的訊息就更為準確。
過往商業智慧透過關聯式資料庫處理資料來源及電子郵件的通知使用者,但是龐大的巨量資料遠超過前者所能有效處理的數量,進而造成對資料擷取、保存、使用、分享以及分析時的處理難度;後者對於外出的使用者來說,電子郵件僅只是收到通知而已,使用者依然得需要電腦才能觀看分析報表。
故本研究使用雲端運算分散儲存及運算的技術及行動裝置隨手可得的特性解決前述的兩個問題,先透過雲端資料庫加速處理巨量資料的存取並製作成資料倉儲供商業智慧使用,接著透過行動應用程式即時接收推播訊息並呈現分析報表於行動裝置上。
在實作中,利用非結構化資料庫進行資料的存取,比起過往的關聯式資料庫確實可以有效提升巨量資料處理的速度;透過行動裝置的報表呈現,在平板電腦有較佳的成效,在手機上則是因為螢幕大小的關係,畫面呈現效果較差,這方面則有待改善。
本研究透過非結構化資料庫及行動應用程式設計新的行動商業智慧解決方案,實作雛型系統,並且透過異常申報健保費用醫院為案例,進行系統整體的測試,證明其架構及運作模式之可行性。經過驗證,本系統將能提供使用者使用巨量資料做為分析數據,並且透過行動應用程式立即取得分析報表。 / The volume of daily output data continues to grow world- widely. The huge amount of data and the disorder of data format cause the difficulty of data processing. Additionally, the number of smartphone sales is continuously growing, so everyone will own at least one smartphone in the future. In the meantime, the effectiveness of mobile internet and wireless is largely improved, so it can be loaded with more data flow. Because of this phenomenon, the number of mobile workers will be increasing per year. For business intelligence systems, through the analysis of enterprise's data we can find the relevance and facts hidden in information, allowing users to acquire more knowledge for decision-making. The more data sources we analyze, the more accurate information can be used to make decision.
In the past, business intelligence processes data sources through relational database and uses e-mail to notify users. However, the huge amount of data exceeds the number that can be effectively processed by relational database. On account of this, it becomes difficult regarding data acquisition, storage, application, sharing, and analysis. As far as the users are concerned, they only receive notifications by emails, so they still need a computer to view the analysis report.
In this study, I use cloud computing technology and mobile devices to solve the two aforementioned issues. First, we speed up the process of big data in data acquisition through Hadoop Hbase, and made it into data warehouse for Business Intelligence use. Secondly, we use mobile applications to receive push messages instantly and present analysis reports.
In the practical work, I use NoSQL database to acquire and store data. Compared with relational database, we can indeed effectively enhance the speed of big data processing. In reports’ presentation on mobile devices, the Tablet has better user experience then the phone. The phone is displayed comparatively poorly because of its small screen. This part needs to be improved.
In this research, I conceive a new solution of mobile business intelligence through NoSQL database and mobile applications, and implement this method into a prototype system. Moreover, through an example of the analysis of hospitals which have anomalous health-insurance reporting expenses we can test the whole system. It proves that this system’s structure and the mode of operation are feasible. The system will be able to provide big data as the source of analysis and present reports immediately through mobile devices to users.
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行動應用程式的函式行為分析 / Distributed Call Sequence Counting on iOS Executable戴睿宸, Tai, Ruei Chen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究利用字串分析之方式對行動應用程式之執行檔進行靜態分析,進以偵測行動應用程式之行為。 本研究計算行動應用程式所呼叫特定系統函式之序列,進一步比對特定可疑行為模式並判定行動應用程式是否包含其可疑行為,由於進行此研究需要考慮行動應用程式執行檔中每一個系統函式的呼叫,因此增加了大量的計算複雜度,故需要大量的運算資源來進行,為了提高運算的效率,本研究採用了Hadoop 作為分散式運算的平台來達成可延展的分析系統,進以達成分析大量行動應用程式的目的,透過建立特定的行為模式庫,本研究已分析了上千個現實使用的行動應用程式,並提供其含有潛在可疑行為的分析報告。 / This work presents a syntax analysis on the executable files of iOS apps to characterize and detect suspicious behaviors performed by the apps. The main idea is counting the appearances of call sequences in the apps which are resolved via reassembling the executable binaries. Since counting the call sequences of the app needs to consider different combinations of every function calls in the app, which significantly increases the complexity of the computing, it takes abundant computing power to bring out our analysis on massive apps on the market, to improve the performance and the effectiveness of our analysis, this work adopted a distributed computing algorithm via Hadoop framework achieving a scalable static syntax analysis which is able to process huge amount of modern apps. We learn the malicious behaviors pattern through comparing the pairs of normal and abnormal app which are identical except on certain behaviors we inserted. By matching the patterns with the call sequences we collected from the public apps, we characterized the behaviors of apps and report the suspicious behaviors carried potential security threats in the apps.
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行動電話擴散研究之模型選用及驅動因子分析 / Model selection and driving forces for mobile telephony diffusion朱文伶, Chu, Wen Lin Unknown Date (has links)
全球行動電話用戶數於2002年達到12億,首度超過固定電話用戶數之11億;行動電話用戶數並於2008年達41億,為固定電話用戶數(13億)之3倍以上。行動電話相對於固定電話之主要優勢在於系統之建置成本低及佈建速度快;行動電話之快速普及已成為創新擴散研究之重要題材。
行動電話擴散之研究為選取一成長模型(例如Gompertz、Logistic或Bass模型)並類比該模型以求出擴散之參數(例如成長速率),以進一步(1)了解相關驅動因子(例如技術創新、市場開放等)對擴散參數之影響,及(2)延伸擴散模型曲線以預測未來之成長。
惟成長模型之選取尚無原理原則可供遵循而具隨機性(ad hoc basis)。為找出模型選用之可能規律,以降低模型選用之隨機性並提高成長預測之準確度,本研究以十二個代表性國家(巴、中、法、德、印、日、韓、俄、星、台、英、美)至2007年之資料以比較三個最常用之成長模型之績效,即Gompertz、Logistic及Bass模型。模型績效逐年比較標準係採用rmse值,並輔以Friedman test檢測模型績效差異之顯著性,再對照模型之機制意涵,以進一步了解最適模型之選用原則。
此外,台灣行動電話普及率於2002年為108%居全球之冠,而中國自2001年起取代美國成為全球具最多行動電話用戶數之單一國家,台灣及中國屬行動電話擴散之重要個案,惟目前尚缺此二個案之實證研究。為補足此一缺口,本研究亦對台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子進行實證研究,以進一步了解擴散之關鍵驅動力。
研究發現由於目前統計軟體之進步,Gompertz、Logistic及Bass三模型均可獲致極佳之匹配度而難分軒輊,惟模型預測力(延伸曲線)則具差異性。12個模型選用樣本國家中之8個國家(巴、中、法、德、日、韓、英、美)係以Gompertz模型具較佳之預測力;依Gompertz模型機制意涵,代表行動電話擴散早期係受網路外部性(口耳相傳)影響,惟至擴散後期(例如過了擴散極大值之一半)則已不相關。此外,若因市場開放等重大變因造成行動電話之快速擴散,則Logistic模型具有較佳之績效,如台灣及俄羅斯屬之。依Logistic模型機制意涵,代表擴散係受網路外部性所影響。Bass模型應用於行動電擴散時,因該模型所算出之創新係數偏低,績效與Logistic模型相近,而Logistic模型為Bass模型之創新係數為0時之特例。
台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子研究發現(1)價格下降及(2)預付卡之推行對加速擴散具顯著性,兩者均對低階市場之採用具影響力。鑑於高階市場將先飽和,爰未來加速行動電話擴散之關鍵驅動因子應係與推動低階市場採用具密切相關性。以中國為例,未來市場開放競爭造成價格再度大幅下降,將進一步促低階市場採用,加速中國行動電話之普及。 / The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 1.2 billion globally in 2002, exceeding fixed-line telephony subscriptions (1.1 billion) for the first time. The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 4.1 billion globally in 2008, over three times the number of fixed-line telephone subscriptions (1.3 billion). The main advantages of mobile telephony over fixed-line are low cost and rapid facility deployment. The rapid diffusion of mobile telephony has become an important topic in innovation diffusion.
The conventional approach to studying mobile telephony diffusion is to analogize a single growth model, such as the Gompertz, Logistic or Bass model, and calculate the model parameters, for example growth rate. The significance of certain selected driving forces, such as technology innovation or market competition, to the studied parameters, such as growth rate, is then estimated. The diffusion growth can also be forecast by extrapolating the diffusion curve.
Utilizing the growth model analogy is the first step in analyzing mobile telephony diffusion. However, no principles or rules exit for selecting a growth model. To identify rules for model selection to reduce randomness and increase forecast accuracy, this work uses 12 sample countries, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK and the USA, employing data prior to 2008 to compare the performance of three most commonly used models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models. The root mean square error (rmse) is chosen as the criterion for measuring annual model performance. The work uses the Friedman test to examine the significance of differences in performance between models. The implications of model mechanisms are emphasized to investigate the selection rule for the most appropriate model.
The penetration of mobile telephony in Taiwan was 108% in 2002, ranking first in the world. Furthermore, in 2001 the number of mobile telephony in China replaced the United States as number one in the world. Both Taiwan and China are important examples for mobile telephony diffusion. However, no empirical investigation has been performed in these two cases. To fill this gap, this work estimated the driving forces for mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China to learn about the critical drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion.
Empirical results indicate that due to improvements in statistical software, providing good fitness for all three models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models, distinguishing which has the best fitness is difficult. However, the performance of the three models is distinguishable when forecasting based on extrapolating the diffusion curve. In eight of the 12 examples, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the UK and the USA, the Gompertz model is the most appropriate model for forecasting. The mechanism of the Gompertz model means that during the initial stage the diffusion is correlated with network externalities (namely word of mouth), however, this correlation reduces during the later stages (such as pass one half of the maximum potential). Moreover, the cases of Taiwan and Russia demonstrated that the Logistic model performs well provided some significant driver of the diffusion exists. The mechanism of the Logistic model means that the diffusion is correlated with network externalities throughout the whole diffusion. Furthermore, using Chinese data, when the Bass model is applied, because of its low innovation coefficient, it performs similarly to the Logistic model, which is a special case of the Bass model in which the innovation coefficient equals zero.
Empirical results for the critical driving forces of mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China indicate that (1) reducing prices and (2) the launch of pre-paid services are crucial to mobile telephony diffusion. Both factors are essential to mobile telephony adoption in low-end markets. The high-end market is the first to be saturated by mobile telephony adoption, future drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion should be highly correlated with low-end market demand. Taking China as an example, the opening of the market to further reduce tariffs will attract mobile telephony adoption in the low-end market, facilitating the mobile telephony diffusion.
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行動服務價值之研究--"價值限制"架構之驗證 / Realizing the value of mobile services —the verification of “limit-to-value” framework曾淑玲, Tseng, Shu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
The development of mobile services in the exhibition industry has become a popular issue in a mature internet environment. To successfully implement mobile services in the exhibition industry, exhibitors must be adequately involved in the unprecedented innovation activities. However, for exhibitors to buy into the service, it is essential for them to perceive the value of the service and actually achieve that level of value. With this in mind, this research aims to explore the value of mobile service investment and related value barriers from the perspective of exhibitors. We use the limit-to-value framework to examine the valuation process for mobile services in the context of the exhibition industry and focus on exhibitors in particular. This study can help us to understand the critical value-discounting factors and the valuation process for exhibitors as they consider adopting and using innovative mobile services in the exhibition industry.
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跨越田野與創作的界線----青年勞動九五聯盟的創意行動與媒體策略 / Between fieldwork and creation: the creative action and media strategy for Taiwan youthlabor union陳曉雯 Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣從解嚴以後到八0年代末期,社會運動極為興盛,大學生也在這種氛圍下開始校園民主運動,並聲援校園外風起雲湧的民間自力救濟運動。但是在九0年代以後,臺灣的社會運動逐漸沈寂,但是其中有許多都化為正式立案的非營利組織,以延續過往的運動能量;而過去年少輕狂的學運份子,有的後來進入體制,也有的後來走向基層、推動人民自主結社,由下而上地以各種社會力量繼續有組織地提出訴求。而這「理性化」的過程,也延續到其後發生的社會運動上。
但是在這個國家與企業都在使用廣告行銷與公關手段,導致公共領域再封建化的時代裡,非營利組織應如何在公共領域中奪取議題的詮釋權?本文從行動者的角度,以青年勞動九五聯盟的創意行動與媒體策略為例,在事件的參與和行動中再回頭進行反思與分析,並回應到原先的問題意識:有關作為「知識人」的傳播者,如何能更積極地為社運組織帶來力量和影響?
本研究發現,非營利組織若要在公共領域上搶奪議題的詮釋權,除了組織化的內部分工,並解決財務問題以外,還必須以人民的「生活世界」作為其論述的底蘊,來挑戰被國家與企業所把持的「系統世界」,進而促成改變。而非營利組織之所以能提出人民的「生活世界」,則是建立在組織者平日與他們的群眾同在的過程裡。而非營利組織以創意行動與媒體策略推展議題,並以「影像紀錄」作為其提出論據的管道之一,則是建立在各非營利組織的發展脈絡與生存策略上,形成一種內在鑲嵌的關係。
本研究發現,非營利組織若要在公共領域上搶奪議題的詮釋權,除了組織化的內部分工,並解決財務問題以外,還必須以人民的「生活世界」作為其論述的底蘊,來挑戰被國家與企業所把持的「系統世界」,進而促成改變。而非營利組織之所以能提出人民的「生活世界」,則是建立在組織者平日與他們的群眾同在的過程裡。而非營利組織以創意行動與媒體策略推展議題,並以「影像紀錄」作為其提出論據的管道之一,則是在各非營利組織的發展脈絡與生存策略上,而有不同的呈現方式,形成一種內在鑲嵌的關係。
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行動電話營業規章與服務契約之研究-從消費者保護出發程才芳 Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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國際關係理論中「文化霸權」與「溝通行動」的研究胡敏遠, HU, MING-YUAN Unknown Date (has links)
國際關係理論歷經第三次的理論大辯論後,理論的發展已朝向「自然主義-反自然主義」、「理論-實踐」、「基礎主義-反基礎主義」議題的論爭中。從這些論爭之中使我們發現做為國際關係學科的本體論、知識論及方法論,已經開始向社會學的方向轉折。其中,尤以新自由制度主義及建構主義的轉折更為明顯。然而,從更深層的視野來看目前各學派的理論,多多少少都含有霸權主義的成分於其中。基於此,本論文借用葛蘭西「文化霸權」的理論觀點,檢視現實主義、新現實主義、自由主義、新自由制度主義及建構主義等主流國際關係理論中的文化霸權因素,同時運用哈伯馬斯的「溝通行動理論」的概念,對上述主流國際關係理論的霸權性質進行反思,以期建構出一個在本體論、知識論、方法論上都能獲得解放的國際關係理論。
基於以上理念,本論文的發展與架構鋪陳共分為8章35節。
第一章為緒論,主要敍述論文的整個架構及重要理論說明,包括葛蘭西的「文化霸權」及哈伯馬斯的「溝通行動理論」,藉由上述兩種理論的哲學基礎,以分析說明目前國際關係理論的爭論議題,及其未來可能的發展趨勢。
第二章介紹國際關係理論三次大辯論及其理論的發展現況,然後闡明國際政治各個學派的哲學與後設基礎。
第三章概述葛蘭西「文化霸權」的理論,主要探討葛蘭西的文化霸權;它並不是一個實體的權力,而是一個意識形態及實體相互結合的領導權概念。
第四章是藉由葛蘭西的文化霸權概念,論析目前國際關係理論無論是在物質及精神意識方面,都具有文化霸權的成分。換言之,目前的國際關係理論並無法完達到解放國家受到壓迫的目標。
第五章介紹哈伯馬斯的「溝通行動理論」,主要研究溝通行動理論所涵蓋的範圍:包括了主體與主體、主體與客體及主體與社會之間的溝通關係。
第六章是運用哈伯馬斯溝通行動理論分析主體與主體(國家╱國家)、主體與客體(國家╱客觀世界)、主體與社會(國家╱國際社會、組織、制度…)之間的溝通關係,藉以解放國際關係理論所受到的壓迫與不公平現象。
第七章陳述反思下的國際關係理論其本體論、知識論及方法論。
第八章章為結論,提出本論文的主要貢獻:第一,以溝通行動為媒介的國際關係理論,會出現以國際社會的整體做為各個行動體溝通行動的場域,這個場域是一個「實體(物質)結構」、是一個「關係(權力、制度)結構」、也是一個「觀念(意義)結構」,更是經由實踐所織構出的「網絡結構」;第二,國際關係的本體論、知識論及方法論之間是一個相互辯證的過程,他們彼此之間可以相互辯證轉換。
關鍵詞:文化霸權、溝通行動理論、國際關係理論、國際政治、社會理論 / After three times of intensive debates, the direction of International Relations theory has moved to “naturalism-anti-naturalism”,”theory-implementation”,
”fundamentalism-anti-fundamentalism”. From the debates we can realize the International Relations is supported by Ontological, Epistemological, Methodological and it has change into sociology. Although the direction of neo- Liberalism and Constructivism has become clear and if we read of those theories, all of them have included some degree of Cultural Hegemony. This research takes Antonio Gramsci’s “Cultural Hegemony” theory to exam Realism, neo-Realism、Liberalism、neo-Liberalism and Constructivism. At the same time, I also use “theory of Communication” of Jurgen Habermas to talk about the hegemony among those theories, in order to let the ontological, epistemological and methodological can be applied to the theories.
This research paper is divided into 8 sections and 35 chapters.
Chapter one is introduction, of both theories of “Cultural Hegemony” of Gramsci and “theory of Communication” of Jurgen Habermas to illustrate today’s international disputes for International Relations and the possible development for the future.
Chapter two is the three intensive debates for International Relations and the development of those theories, including international politics fundamental philosophy.
Chapter three is the theory of “Cultural Hegemony” of Gramsci. It’s not an existing power but an ideal form in connection with concept of leading power.
Chapter four is the use of the theory of “Cultural Hegemony” of Gramsci in the concepts of today’s international relations. Both substantial and spiritual aspects include hegemony. In other words, today’s theories of international relations can’t reach the goals of resolve the nations under pressure.
Chapter five is the theory of Communication” of Jurgen Habermas, focusing on the relations of communication of Subjective to subjective, subjective to objective and subjective to community.
Chapter six is the use of theory of Communication” of Jurgen Habermas in terms of the communicate relations among subjective to subjective(nation/nation), subjective to objective(nation/objective world), subjective to social(nation/ international community, organization, institution…) and then to prevent from the pressure and unfairness of theory of international relations.
Chapter seven is the theory of international relations of ontology, epistemology and methodology.
Chapter eight is the conclusion, with two major points: First, the use of communication actions on the theory of international relations will make the global community into a unique arena in order to provide it for different communication groups. These areas are a entity (substantial) structure, a relation(power, institutional) structure and also a aspect(meaning) structure and furthermore it can be implemented into network-structure;Second, the theory of international relations on ontology, epistemology and methodology is a dialogue and development process, that can be interacted and transfered to others.
Key Word: Cultural Hegemony, Theory of Communication, International Relations theory, International Politic, Social Thiory
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行動應用軟體獲利模式之研究 / The profiting models of mobile applications何易剛 Unknown Date (has links)
智慧型手機市場近年來成長迅速,台灣智慧型手機的銷售在2011年的第四季已經超越了功能型手機,成為市場主力。而這波成長帶動了另外一個令人興奮的市場,就是行動應用軟體市集。因為智慧型手機提供良好的軟體開發平台以及軟體拆帳模式,讓一些小型軟體公司以及一些個人軟體開發者願意在上面開發軟體,並且有機會從中獲取利益。
因此,本研究想要了解行動應用軟體是用什麼方式獲利?找出可能的獲利模式,分析影響獲利模式的因素有那些?並且探討各類型應用軟體最常使用的獲利模式為何?
本研究主要分析手機作業系統平台上官方的軟體市集,收集各類型軟體的前十名,分析其獲利模式。並且歸納出影響獲利模式的因素。根據本研究所得到的結論,行動應用軟體的獲利模式可以分為單次付費下載、軟體內購買、廣告、付費訂閱、平台整合、適地性服務以及行銷等七種模式。而影響這些獲利模式的因素可以分為平台、軟體類型、競爭者的獲利模式、地區以及技術。
最後,期望透過本研究,讓欲進入行動應用軟體的個人開發者或者軟體公司能夠找到合適的獲利方式。
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以網路外部性探討行動應用程式對智慧型手機購買意圖之影響 / Exploring the effect of mobile apps on purchase intention of smart phone by network externalities黃詩婷 Unknown Date (has links)
當今智慧型手機成長快速,市場潛力大,影響消費者的智慧型手機購買決策因素成為近年來值得研究的議題。但過去有關智慧型手機購買決策的研究中,大多著重在手機的作業系統或是功能層面,並未將行動應用程式(APP)及人際面的影響因素納入考量。因此,本研究以網路外部性、科技接受模型及理性行為理論為基礎,分別從智慧型手機及行動應用程式的屬性面和人際面來探討,目的為找出影響台灣地區現有智慧型手機使用者對智慧型手機再購意圖的因素,並進一步探索這些因素如何影響使用者的態度及再購意圖。本研究結果發現:
1.智慧型手機屬性面:當使用者認為智慧型手機是越有用的、越具娛樂性的,則使用者對智慧型手機的採用態度越正向;當使用者認為智慧型手機是越容易使用的,並不會直接影響其對智慧型手機的態度。
2.智慧型手機人際面:當使用者認為有越多人使用智慧型手機,則使用者對智慧型手機的購買意圖越正向;而無論使用者認為其家人、伴侶、好友、同學或同事支不支持其使用智慧型手機,都不會影響其對智慧型手機的購買意圖。
3.行動應用程式屬性面:當使用者認為在短時間內行動應用程式的數量成長的越快速,則其對智慧型手機的態度會越正面;而無論使用者認為APP數量、種類的多少、價格是否可被接受以及APP的設計品質完不完善等,都不會直接影響使用者對智慧型手機的態度。
4.行動應用程式人際面:當使用者認為其家人、伴侶、好友、同學或同事越支持其使用行動應用程式時,使用者對智慧型手機的態度會越正向。
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