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員工分紅費用化與盈餘管理之關聯性 / The relationship between employees bonus expense and earnings management林韋妘 Unknown Date (has links)
財務會計準則公報第39 號「股份基礎給付之會計處理準則」於2008 年起正
式實施,強制規定公司所發放之員工分紅必須認列為費用而非視為盈餘之分配,如此一來,公司管理階層是否會因此考量其盈餘報導之美觀性,導致減少發放員工分紅,以及員工分紅費用化後,是否仍會造成公司管理階層採行盈餘管理。此外,本研究以員工分紅費用化作為一重大事件,深入研究經理人對其分紅之行為模式是否會因而受到改變並趨向利益掠奪假說,並探討經理人持股與獎酬分紅兩者間之關係是否因公司治理程度不同以及發放對象為經理人與一般員工時是否有所不同。
實證結果發現,不論有無排除費用化前一年之影響,員工分紅費用化後公司
確實會考量其盈餘之美觀性而傾向減少發放員工紅利,另雖然過去研究指出,於費用化前,資本市場早已認知員工紅利為公司費用,但公司管理階層仍會考慮投資者間仍存在的功能固著現象,針對員工分紅費用化此一事件進行盈餘管理;然而,若以未預期盈餘將樣本公司加以劃分,則在未預期負盈餘之樣本公司中,無法證實其會利用負向之裁決性應計項目進行洗大澡;最後,在分紅費用化之後,經理人持股比例與分紅金額呈正比,顯示經理人在代理問題上從利益收斂趨向利益掠奪公司,並且在公司治理較差的公司中尤為明顯;此外,經理人會同時增加對於經理人與一般員工之分紅金額。 / Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.39 has beening implemented since year 2008, and it is a mandatory requirement for the company to recognized
employee bonus as an expense rather than as a surplus of assignment. Therefore, the management might consider company’s earnings performance and result in paying
less employee bonus, as well as adopt the earnings management. In addition, this paper apply the employee bonus expense as a major event to study whether the patterns of managers’ behavior on their dividends will be affected and correspond to entrenchment hypothesis. Also, this paper investigates the relationship between manerger’s ownership and bouns under the different levels of corporate governance as well as different payment objectives (e.g. managers and staff).
The empirical results indicate that whether excluding the effect of the previous non-expnsing year or not, the company did consider its earnings performance and
tend to pay less employee bonus after expensing employee bonus. Although other studies point out the capital market has already seen employee bonus as an expense, the company will manage earnings due to functional fixation hypothesis. However, it can’t be verified that taking big bath would exist by using negative discretionary accruals. Finally, after expensing employee bonus, managers’ ownership is directly
proportional to the amount of bonus and the companies with poor corporate governance is particularly significant. In addition, managers will also increase their own and staff’s dividend amount as well and it implies the angency problem towards entrenchment hypothesis from convergence of interest hypothesis.
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高階主管獎酬、盈餘結構與後續經營績效之實證研究王婉茲 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以美國公司為樣本,探討高階主管獎酬結構與後續經營績效之關係以及高階主管獎酬結構與盈餘結構之關係。在高階主管獎酬結構與後續經營績效之關係方面,本文以營業活動之現金流量(CFO)、經濟附加價值(EVA<sup>R</sup>)與股票報酬率(RET)作為衡量公司經營績效之指標,並以會計績效指標之總資產報酬率(ROA)與普通股權益報酬率(ROE)作為敏感性分析。實證結果均支持預期之推論,即高階主管獎酬結構著重長期激勵之公司,其後續績效明顯優於獎酬結構著重短期激勵之公司。
在高階主管獎酬結構與盈餘結構之關係方面,本研究發現:(1) 盈餘結構之應計項目中,應收帳款變動數、應付帳款變動數、存貨變動數與高階主管短期激勵性獎酬呈正相關,而折舊費用則與高階主管之短期激勵性獎酬呈負相關;反之,應收帳款變動數、應付帳款變動數、存貨變動數則與高階主管之長期激勵性獎酬呈負相關,而折舊費用則與高階主管之長期激勵性獎酬呈正相關。如預期地,這說明較高的短期性盈餘應計項目會導致較高的短期激勵性獎酬,及較低的長期激勵性獎酬;而與長期性投資有關的折舊費用則與長期激勵性獎酬呈正相關。因此偏向短期激勵性獎酬之結構,易誘使高階主管利用該四項應計項目,以獲取短期激勵性獎酬;反之,若高階主管獎酬結構以長期激勵性獎酬為主,則高階主管會較重視長期獲利能力與績效,無形中減少操縱短期盈餘之誘因。(2)高階主管現金獎酬比例越高之公司,其盈餘結構中之流動裁決性應計項目比例亦越高,說明現金獎酬比例較高之獎酬結構會誘導高階主管調節流動裁決性應計項目,以達到預定之盈餘目標。
綜合以上研究發現,高階主管獎酬結構對於經理人之經營誘因,扮演極重要之角色。 / This study investigates the relationship between CEO compensation structure and components of earnings and that between CEO compensation structure and firm's long-term performance. The larger the proportion of long-term incentive compensation in CEO's total compensation, the better the firm's long-term performance which is measured either as CFO, EVA<sup>R</sup>, stock return, or accounting performance measures. On the contrary, higher proportion of short-term incentive compensation in total compensation can be obtained by manipulating accrual components. Firms with larger proportion of cash compensation have higher current discretionary accruals so that managers could be motivated toward managing discretionary current accruals to achieve target earnings. Such evidence suggests that compensation structure can be an important mechanism that induces manager's efforts towards shareholders' interest.
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中國大陸2008年企業所得稅制改革與租稅誘因盈餘管理之研究趙衛翎 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究分成兩部分,研究對象為中國大陸之上市公司,第一部分以2004至2009年之財務資料,探討2008年中國大陸企業所得稅法之實施對中國大陸上市公司平均有效稅率之影響;第二部分以1998至2009年之財務資料,探討中國大陸上市公司是否為了因應企業所得稅法實施對有效稅率的影響,而從事租稅誘因盈餘管理之行為。
第一部分之實證結果發現,中國大陸上市公司之平均有效稅率在2008年企業所得稅法實施後有顯著的下降,表示中國大陸上市公司之有效稅率隨著名目稅率降低而下降。外資持股比例超過20%之上市公司(定義為外資企業),其2008年後之有效稅率上升,且內外資企業之其平均有效稅率之差異有縮小之趨勢。屬於高科技產業之上市公司在2008年企業所得稅法實施後,其有效稅率並未下降;但與除了農林牧漁業外之其他產業相比,高科技產業之上市公司其有效稅率較低。第二部分之實證結果發現,在2008年有效稅率下降之上市公司,其於2008年後的裁決性應計項目較大,有將盈餘遞延認列之傾向。 / This study consists of two research issues. The first part uses the financial statement and capital structure data of China listed companies from 2004 to 2009, to investigate the effects of the implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax in 2008(hereafter 2008 Income Tax Law). And the second part which uses the financial and capital structure data of China listed companies from 1998 to 2009 investigates if China listed companies take the action of earnings management in response to the implementation of the 2008 Income Tax Law.
The empirical findings of the first part show that the average ETRs of China listed companies declined after the implementation of the 2008 Income Tax Law. The listed companies whose proportion of foreign ownership is above 20% (defined as foreign enterprises) increased ETRs after 2008 and the differences in ETRs between domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises are reduced gradually. Further, the average ETRs of China listed companies of information technology industry do not appear to be decreased after the implementation of the 2008 Income Tax Law. However, besides the agriculture, forestry, herding, fishery industries, listed companies of information technology industries remain to have lower average ETRs after implementation of the 2008 Income Tax Law.
The empirical findings of the second part show that China listed companies whose average ETRs decreased in 2008 appeared to have greater discretionary accruals after 2008, suggesting those companies shifting earnings to 2008.
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日本不當勞動行為救濟制度研究-以勞動委員會救濟命令為中心 / A study on the labor disputes resolution system of unfair labor practice in Japan-centered on the order for relief of labor relations commission張智程 Unknown Date (has links)
在勞資自我形成之協商與對抗過程的理型中,勞資間力的均勢及衡平,乃因存在公正之集體勞資關係規範,當勞資之一方(特別是資方)以特定行為違反集體勞資關係規範時,即構成所謂的「不當勞動行為」。而不當勞動行為救濟制度,即屬國家以立法授權行政機關,以特別之行政程序介入勞資自制的領域進行干預與管制,進而回復並確保集體勞資關係得以衡平、公正之特別法制度。
本論文對於日本不當勞動行為救濟制度之探究,擬以「目的」及「手段」之兩大脈絡切入論述:首先,本論文擬從日本戰後勞動法學說的演進作為切入之角度,解讀作為戰後繼受法制之不當勞動行為制度,在嘗試融入本土化之過程中所遭遇之理論爭議,並期以自團結權學說之憲法、集體勞動法論述發展中,再次尋找日本學術界長年間對於不當勞動行為制度論的學說爭議,提供縱向性的宏觀思考脈絡可能性,並找尋足以立足當代集體勞動關係領域之不當勞動行為制度目的論的學說基礎。其次,進入手段層次的探討中,本論文則是在對制度目的嘗試建構的制度理論基礎之下,進入相對較具體地研究,亦即在勞動委員會制度之手段現狀下,勞動委員會得作成何等之不當勞動行為救濟命令進行探討:日本勞動組合法第二十七條,規範勞動委員會具有抽象且廣泛的救濟命令作成裁量權,惟實務上乃係經由數十年的實務與學說演進,方填補制度規範的空白、形成制度穩定的制度運作,以及類型化的裁量標準與救濟命令作成基準,本論文期藉由深入探討各類型救濟命令之實務及學說論述作為切入角度,冀以在對救濟命令手段實態之進行廣泛之觀察後,得相對具象、完整化日本不當勞動行為救濟制度之面貌。
在對不當勞動行為制度之目的理論,以及作為救濟手段之救濟命令進行全盤之檢討後,在行政救濟程序中制度之衝突點之產生,本文主張乃肇因於救濟制度之本質,係屬一作為多重內涵並列的複合性制度:繼受法VS傳統法對立觀點下的複合性制度、公VS私法對立觀點下的複合性制度、集體勞動紛爭VS個別勞動紛爭觀點下的複合性制度、以及救濟VS紛爭「調整」解決對立觀點下的複合性制度等多重複合性質之制度。
從而,在多重複合性觀點之對立下制度之應然之道何在,本文主張擬應回到不當勞動行為制度之目的面,亦即集體勞資關係法秩序之保障進行概念之展開,進而在達成目的保障之手段上,嘗試論述解決上開肇因於多重複合性制度內涵而產生的衝突之本質,以合目的性之手段方法達成調合、再建構不當勞動行為救濟法理。
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我國團體協約法中誠信協商義務之探討—兼論美國法之規範 / The duty to bargain in good faith in Taiwan:with a discussion on The U.S.A.謝佳珣 Unknown Date (has links)
為落實勞工團結權、團體協商權及爭議權,我國於2007年起陸續修正《工會法》、《團體協約法》及《勞資爭議處理法》,於2010年5月1日起施行,且參考美國與日本之立法,建立不當勞動行為裁決機制,以保障勞工權利不受侵害。
勞動三法修正對於集體勞資關係帶來重大影響,其中一項即為誠信協商制度之導入。根據修正後《團體協約法》第6條第1項之規範:「勞資雙方應本誠實信用原則,進行團體協約之協商;對於他方所提團體協約之協商,無正當理由者,不得拒絕。」規定今後勞資任一方若向他方請求協商時,他方不僅有回應的義務,且須以誠實信用原則為之。由於此制度我國尚處於起步之階段,許多問題須進一步檢討釐清。
因此,本文首先說明目前《團體協約法》所規範之團體協商制度,再從裁決委員會之裁決決定書當中,整理及分析我國實務上拒絕誠信協商之態樣。另外,再輔以說明美國法上誠信協商義務以及協商事項之重要類型、提供協商中必要資料義務之範圍,作為對我國誠信協商制度之啟示。 / To implement the right of employees to organize, bargain collectively, and strike, the government has revised “Labor Union Act”, “Collective Agreement Act” and “Act for Settlement of Labor-Management Disputes” since 2007, and finally has been in place since May 2011. In addition, the Labor Dispute Resolution Scheme for unfair labor practices also be structured by reference to the legislation of United States and Japan, to protect people from unfair labor practices.
One of the biggest influences in the collective labor-management relations after the Legal amendments is to establish the principle of bargaining in good faith. According to Section 1 of Article 6 of the newly amended Collective Agreements Act, both the labor and the management shall proceed in good faith when bargaining for a collective agreement; any party without justifiable reasons cannot reject the collective bargaining proposed by the other party. Because it’s the first time to implement the institution in Taiwan, there are many questions in need of clarification.
Therefore, this Article intends to introduce the collective bargaining scheme under the current Collective Agreements Act, and also sort out the decision of the Labor Dispute Resolution Scheme for unfair labor practices, attempt to analysize of the aspect of refusing to bargain in good faith in the practice. Moreover, the article is supplemented by the obligations and the important types of bargaining in good faith, the obligation of providing information necessary for the bargaining in the process in Unites States labour law, expected to have implications in Taiwan.
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拒絕團體協商之不當勞動行為-日本與台灣之學理分析及實踐經驗比較 / The UnfairLabor Practice of Rejecting Collective BargainingーComprison of Theoretical Analysis and the Prcatice Experience between Japan and Taiwan張義德, Chang, I Te Unknown Date (has links)
我國自2007年起陸續修正了工會法、團體協約法及勞資爭議處理法,並於2010年5月1日起施行。在團體協約法第6條中新增了勞資雙方應本於誠實信用原則進行團體協商及無正當理由不得拒絕他方所提團體協約之協商,而與工會法第35條第1項之規定共同構成不當勞動行為的禁止規範。依團體協約法第6條之立法說明,該條文之立法雖係參酌了美、日、韓三國之立法例,但由於日本的工會係以企業工會為主要的組織範圍而與我國的勞資關係較為接近,故本文以日本法制為比較研究之對象而採取了比較法之研究方式。
在第二章中先觀察團體協商之機能、態樣、對於團體協商之法律規範型態、與其他勞資對話機制之區別以及日本團體協商之特色等作為研究之基礎後,也對於日本團體協商權之概念形成、主體、性質、定位與效果等「團體協商權」概念內容進行研究。
而日本國憲法第28條對於勞動基本權之保障亦與其他基本權相同有其內在的限制,因此於第三章中檢視了在日本的實定法上對於公務員的團體協商權所設諸多之限制及其改革之動向外,也探討了自1980年代中期後部分學說所提倡之應限制少數工會之團體協商權的見解。此外,也分析了對於拒絕團體協商之行政救濟與司法救濟。
由於日本國憲法第28條僅抽象地規定保障勞工之團體協商權,是以勞動組合法第7條第2款乃將「雇主無正當理由拒絕與其所僱用勞工之代表進行團體協商」作為不當勞動行為的態様。唯,何謂「無正當之理由」?在第四章及第五章的前兩節中,分別從當事人、代表、事項、進行程序等面向一一觀察日本實務及學說見解所生之相關爭議。
除了勞動組合法第7條第2款所明定之不得無正當理由拒絕團體協商外,日本學說及判決認為雇主尚負有「誠實協商義務」。是以,第五章第三節則聚焦在誠實協商義務之基本意涵、具體內容以及雇主在複數工會併存時的誠實協商義務。另,在本章中也分析了自1980年代開始在日本學說上所出現之應導入工會之公正代表義務的議論。
於探究日本法上的相關議題後,第六章則將研究的焦點轉回我國,擬先檢視我國團體協商規範之變遷,再整理與分析實務對於規範的實踐並檢視相關學說的妥當性。此外,也檢討了新團體協約法的規定對於勞工團體協商權的保障是否充分及其問題點並試圖尋求妥適的解決之道。
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民初建立法治國的實踐--以平政院裁決為中心張熖輝 Unknown Date (has links)
回顧國內學界,有關於平政院或其裁決案的研究極為少見。有者亦多屬負面評價,例如在少數早期的研究文獻中,陳顧遠氏謂:「平政院設於北平豐盛胡同,內分三庭,是一個清閒機構,每年所收的案子不到十件,各方對其地位都不重視....平政院便有了一個眾人皆知的黑名----貧政院。」學者吳庚氏謂平政院:「此種不中不西的體制,其實際運用的情形,並不理想。」「此一制度在當時政治局勢及社會環境之下,未曾發揮功能,僅屬聊備一格而已。」有關平政院的運作或裁判事實為何,則不見有何深入探究。
另外一面,學者林紀東氏研究清末民初中國法制現代化,在比較民國初年新舊二行政訴訟法(民國三年七月二十日公布者與民國二十一年十一月十七日公布者)後指出,現行的修正前行政訴訟法乃受到民國初年的行政訴訟法的影響。民國初年的行政訴訟法,就當時的情形而言,甚至有許多進步的規定。
為何會有上述二種不同見解?論者對於平政院負面的評價,推究其原因,應與平政院當時的政治環境有關。本文以為,上述對平政院的疑問,應就其裁決案觀察,方得論斷。
《臨時約法》第一條規定:中華民國,由中華人民組織之。第二條規定:中華民國之主權,屬於國民全體。宣示了中華民國應該是一個民主共和國,這也是清末革命派人士所企求建立的國家形態。本文試圖從平政院的裁決案出發,以「建立法治國」為主軸,對民初「民主共和國」實踐的情形進行分析。
本文就平政院裁決案予以類型化,分析平政院審理的實態。發現民國初年,在無法律規定下的行政,行政雖獲得較諸裁量、判斷餘地為大的自由。不過,在法律根本未有規定的情況下,是否即表示行政官署享有廣泛裁量權?從平政院有關行政裁量權的審理結果觀察,答案未必盡然。
平政院最大不足之處,乃在對命令、法律的合法性及合憲性審查之不足。依臨時大總統於元年三月十一日,下令宣告暫行援用前清法律云:「現在民國法律未經議定頒布,所有從前施行之法律及新刑律除與民國國體牴觸各條應失效力外,餘均暫行援用,以資遵守。」此一大總統令,雖然使得法院取得審理依據。從本文第三、四章的分析顯示,平政院的審理法源依據,乃立基於一種假定,假定「法律乃主權者的命令」。準此,不難說明為何在裁決案裡,處處可見「呈准」、「成例」、「草案」、甚至是「省法規」作為審理的依據。惟自始而終,卻未見平政院反對見解。
行政權是一個獨立的國家權力,行政權擁有其自身之任務、其獨立之正當
性,以及其自身之手段及程序,以履行其法定任務。若癱瘓行政權的結局產生,固有不妥,法治國家的原則中並不促成行政的癱瘓。但是,從另外一個角度而論,國家權力的控制亦是十分重要,權力控制可以改善國家的決定行為,透過司法審查,能促使權力控制的功能乃係依法令標準而行。民國初年,雖然基本法制、各家見解均肯定公益概念得為限制人民基本權利,但從本文分析顯示,透過一般法律原則概念的作用,平政院相當程度的發揮了權力控制的功能,至少難謂「駁回法院」。
中華民族是一個古老的民族,有悠久的歷史文化,要一旦改弦更張,來適應新法律所創造的一切,當然不是一蹴可及的事。不論從歷史法學派或社會法學派,許多法律,不能發揮真正法的效力,就是因為沒有在人心上建立穩固的基礎。這種現象,不獨在中國存在,在其他國家亦在所難免,尤其在社會動蕩急劇之際,更不足為怪。以此而論平政院裁決案,其審理案件數量或裁決品質,容有不足。惟平政院的努力與成果,應得正視。
● 關鍵詞:
平政院、法治國、行政裁量權、一般法律原則概念、裁決、民國初年、臨時約法、行政救濟、行政訴訟法、行政法院、平政院編制令
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海外投資及避險策略與保險公司價值之探討 / Striving for home advantages? an empirical study of currency hedging of Taiwan life insurers許素珠, Hsu,Su Chu Unknown Date (has links)
本論文包含台灣壽險業資產配置國際化及匯率避險兩個主題。首先,探討台灣壽險業積極向主管機關申請核准提高國外資產配置比率,與美國投資人偏好投資自己國家資產不一致的現象,是台灣壽險業資產配置不得不的策略,或是國際化的迷思? 以25家壽險公司2004 年至2008年財務資料實證結果發現,國外資產納入投資組合對壽險業投資績效有利。如果將樣本公司依據所有權區分為本資公司與外資公司,資料顯示,本資公司國際資產配置較為積極,惟其報酬績效與外資公司差異並不顯著。研究亦發現,2008年美國次貸風暴顯著負向影響台灣壽險公司國外投資報酬,即提高國外資產配置雖可提高報酬,惟匯率風險、信用風險及系統風險暴露亦相對提高,建議壽險公司於追球較高報酬同時,應同時加強風險管理。另實證亦發現,資產規模愈大公司之投資報酬率相對較遜,建議於追求保費市占率成長時,應重視投資報酬績效的實質提升。
第二部分探討2004年至 2008年台灣壽險業國外投資匯率風險管理策略對投資績效影響。以整體產業觀察,匯率避險對投資報酬率有正面效果;本資公司避險策略相較外資公司積極,報酬率亦相對較優;股票上市公司有財報揭露股價波動之壓力,經理人有較強誘因採取避險策略,投資報酬率相較優於股票未上市公司,惟差異並不顯著。實證結果支持Glen and Jorion (1993) and Campbell et al. (2010)避險可以降低匯率風險提升投資報酬績效之研究結論,2006年實施之34號會計公報,顯著影響本資公司與上市公司之避險行為。 / In this study, we study two essays on international asset allocation and the currency hedging problem for Taiwan life insurer industry. In the first essay, we investigate the high percentage of foreign investments placed by Taiwan life insurers and how this phenomenon is at odds with the bias for investing at home common among American investors. The holdings of 25 Taiwan life insurance companies, between the years 2004 and 2008, are scrutinized with a view towards evaluating home bias and its financial impact. We find that foreign investment has proven profitable for the life insurance industry. However, if the life insurance industry is divided into two categories according to its ownership structure, i.e., domestic-owned and foreign-owned companies, and that while the performance of investments made by domestic-owned life insurers differs from that of foreign-owned life insurers, the difference is insignificant. We also found that global financial turmoil in 2008 had a massively negative impact on the foreign investments of Taiwan life insurance companies and firm size and return on investment is negative correlated, suggesting that life insurers should focus on enhancing investment performance and risk management.
In the second essay, we examine the currency hedging strategy and its impact on the performance of Taiwan life insurance industry investments from 2004 to 2008. We find that currency hedging strategies have yielded positive results, overall, for the industry. However, if the life insurance industry is divided into two categories according to its ownership structure, i.e., domestic-owned and foreign-owned companies, the results show that the currency hedging strategies employed by the domestic-owned companies enjoy advantages over those of foreign-owned firms. If the sample is further divided into those publicly listed on the TAIEX and others, our results show that a hedging strategy has positive effects on listed company. Our findings support the work in Glen and Jorion (1993) and Campbell et al. (2010), which reveal that hedging strategies improve foreign investment returns and can reduce currency risks in comparison to non-hedging strategies. Our empirical results indicate that SFAS No. 34 has a significant effect on currency hedging behavior among domestically owned and listed companies.
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會計師忙碌程度與審計品質關聯性之研究──學習與互斥之效果 / The relationship between audit partner busyness and audit quality : learning effect or crowding-out effect劉佳穎, Liu, Chia Ying Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以台灣上市櫃公司及分析師投資報告為研究對象,探討會計師忙碌程度與審計品質之關聯性,以及產生學習或互斥效果。審計品質以裁決性應計項目、財務報表重編及迎合或擊敗分析師預期三種特性進行分析。
研究結果發現,會計師忙碌程度與裁決性應計項目、財務報表重編及迎合或擊敗分析師預期皆呈現顯著負相關。此結果表示,會計師忙碌程度愈高,受查公司管理當局進行盈餘管理之可能性愈低。本研究藉此結果推論,會計師忙碌程度愈高,透過累積查核經驗,促進知識改善,產生正向的學習效果,進而提高審計品質。 / This thesis examines the association between the busyness of auditors at partner level and audit quality and whether the association stems from learning effect or crowding-out effect, by using the listed firms’ data and the analysts’ reports in Taiwan. I use the following three measures of audit quality to examine my hypotheses: discretionary accruals, financial restatement, and meet or beat analyst forecast.
The empirical results indicate that firms experience lower discretionary accruals, are less likely to restate financial statements and have lower likelihood of meeting or beating analysts’ expectations when auditors are busier. The results are consistent with the notion that auditor busyness is positively related to audit quality. Taken together, the findings provide strong evidence in favor for learning effect rather than crowding-out effect of auditor busyness. Further analyses reveal that the results remain unchanged, regardless of lead auditor busyness or concurring auditor busyness.
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我國核課處分程序重開之探討 / The remedy of tax administrative:Recommence the tax administrative procedure翁培祐, Weng,Pei Yu Unknown Date (has links)
租稅行政是一種侵益行政,核課處分更具有大量行政處分之特性,而人民對於租稅法律並不熟稔,因此,核課處分必須有一套完善的行政救濟,以盡保障人民權益之最大可能。
我國在2001年開始實施的行政程序法中,參考了德國聯邦行政程序法第48條、第49條及第51條等規定,植入了行政程序重開的制度。但是在該法實施後,各行政機關對於該項制度應如何運用並無定見,甚有誤引誤用者。本論文就此一課題,嘗試從德國行政程序重開制度由來、理念,分析我國行政程序法相關規定之定位,並以侵益之核課處分為客體,整理我國相關判決及釋令,就核課處分重開程序之現行法制加以檢討,期能繪製出稅捐稽徵所涉行政程序重開之草圖。 / The tax administration disposition is one kind of rendered en masse and burden administration dispositions. People are not familiar to the law of the tax, so nuclear lesson is that it must have one perfect administration remedy system even more than to punish, in order to ensure people rights and benefits most heavily and possibly to ensure.
The legislators enacting the recommence administrative procedure in the administrative procedure law that Taiwan began to implement in 2001 had consulted the article 48, 49, and 51 of the administrative procedure law of Germany. However, many administrative authorities were wrongly guided or persons misapply after this law was implemented. This thesis attempts to realize the origin and idea of the German recommenced administrative procedure, and analyse the recommence tax administrative disposition procedure of Taiwan . This thesis will also examine the current legal system of recommence the tax administrative dispositions by the relevant judgments and orders of Taiwan. Finally it is probable to draw out a better system of the recommence tax administrative disposition.
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