Este trabalho é uma análise antropológica sobre as relações afetivas e comerciais entre mulheres que se prostituem e os demais agentes da prostituição, os chamados rufiões ou proxenetas. Através do trabalho etnográfico buscamos compreender os sentidos e representações sobre as concepções de trabalho e de exploração. Este trabalho foi construído a partir do método etnográfico e da observação participante iniciado em uma organização não-governamental de prostitutas em Porto Alegre e ampliado a outros entrevistados que participam das redes de relações dos pesquisados. Realizamos o trabalho de pesquisa através de entrevistas individuais e registros em diários de campo, estabelecendo uma interlocução com as mulheres que se prostituem e com os/as proprietários/as e gerentes de estabelecimentos onde se realiza a prostituição. Esta etnografia está organizada a partir de um debate desencadeado pela interlocução com entrevistados e em um novo cenário em que os protagonistas tecem ações políticas e reflexões sobre as possibilidades de alguma regulamentação e reconhecimento profissional da prostituição. Procuramos conhecer os relacionamentos entre agenciadores e prostitutas, em diferentes espaços de prostituição (públicos e privados) através de seus depoimentos e reflexões sobre a experiência direta e diversificada com a prostituição na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. / This work is an anthropological analysis about the affective and commercial relationships between prostitutes and their agents, the so called caftans. Using the ethnographic work we sought to understand the interactions between work and exploitation. The ethnographic work started with the prostitutes belonging to a nongovernmental organization based in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state (Brasil), and broadened to other people acquainted to them. The work was accomplished by personal interviews with the prostitutes, their managers and the owners of the places where prostitution takes place. Starting with a discussion about the nowadays situation, the people involved did present some suggestions about the possibilities for professional organization, and, at the end, a state recognition and regulation. We sought to understand the relationships between caftans and prostitutes in different environments (public and privately), based on their interviews and intimate experience and suggestions.

A pesquisa aborda experiências estéticas realizadas com Instalações Interativas Computador (IIC), produtos de uma Artemídia que estão em pleno desenvolvimento. A idéia central é produzir um pensamento sobre o funcionamento da interatividade com interfaces digitais em mundos virtuais produzidos como arte, na perspectiva de fundamentar exercícios de uma contemplação interfaceada de sensações, processados por um corpo-interator a partir de sua interação com o entorno. Coloca-se em trabalho o conceito de contemplação estética encaminhando uma abordagem que permita compreender sua compatibilidade com as tecnologias digitais, longe da dicotomia ativo x passivo e fundamentada no conceito de arte como um bloco de sensações, composto de afectos e perceptos. A hipótese principal funda-se na noção de contemplação como contração de sensações, segundo Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari, autores que compõem as filosofias da diferença. / The thesis presented here deals with aesthetic experiences done using Interactive Installations through Computer (IIC), products of a Media Art that are at the peak of their development. The main idea is to produce a thought about the dynamics of the interactivity with digital interfaces in virtual worlds produced as art, in a prospect of substantiating the practice of an interfaced contemplation of sensations, dealt by an interactive-body from its interaction with the installation. We deal with the concept of aesthetic contemplation following an approach that allows an understanding of its compatibility with digital technologies, far from the dichotomy active x passive and based on the concept of art as a set of sensations composed by affects and perceptions. The main hypothesis is based on the notion of contemplation as a contraction of sensations, according Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, authors that make part of the philosophies of the difference.

A pesquisa aborda experiências estéticas realizadas com Instalações Interativas Computador (IIC), produtos de uma Artemídia que estão em pleno desenvolvimento. A idéia central é produzir um pensamento sobre o funcionamento da interatividade com interfaces digitais em mundos virtuais produzidos como arte, na perspectiva de fundamentar exercícios de uma contemplação interfaceada de sensações, processados por um corpo-interator a partir de sua interação com o entorno. Coloca-se em trabalho o conceito de contemplação estética encaminhando uma abordagem que permita compreender sua compatibilidade com as tecnologias digitais, longe da dicotomia ativo x passivo e fundamentada no conceito de arte como um bloco de sensações, composto de afectos e perceptos. A hipótese principal funda-se na noção de contemplação como contração de sensações, segundo Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari, autores que compõem as filosofias da diferença. / The thesis presented here deals with aesthetic experiences done using Interactive Installations through Computer (IIC), products of a Media Art that are at the peak of their development. The main idea is to produce a thought about the dynamics of the interactivity with digital interfaces in virtual worlds produced as art, in a prospect of substantiating the practice of an interfaced contemplation of sensations, dealt by an interactive-body from its interaction with the installation. We deal with the concept of aesthetic contemplation following an approach that allows an understanding of its compatibility with digital technologies, far from the dichotomy active x passive and based on the concept of art as a set of sensations composed by affects and perceptions. The main hypothesis is based on the notion of contemplation as a contraction of sensations, according Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, authors that make part of the philosophies of the difference.

“The game begins the moment a person touches a console -- everything builds from that.” (Quote by Shiguru Miyamoto; founder of Super Mario) This report contains a well-structured analysis of the main four Super Mario games that clearly states a difference in story, hardware, software development and design. The report is structured in sections for each game to better understand the concept of the Super Mario games. The report ends with comparisons of the games for a better view of the paradigm between them. The pictures and quotations in this report are referenced to the company that has copy write and Shiguru Miyamoto that is the founder of the character Super Mario. / Rapporten innehåller välstrukturerade analyser av fyra Super Mario spel som tydligt visar en skiljning i handling, hårdvaran, mjukvaran och design. Rapporten är strukturerad i sektioner för varje spel för en bättre förståelse av Super Mario spelen. Rapporten sammanfattas i jämförelser mellan spelen för en bättre översikt över paradigm skifterna mellan spelen.

Friedrich Nietzsche’s 1874 essay "On the Use and Disadvantage of History for Life" (HL) presents ideas on how the past ought to be appropriated and how history ought to be written. His 1887 book "On the Genealogy of Morality" (GM) presents an account of the historical development of European morality. Given that Nietzsche appropriates the past through writing in GM, the question arises: does GM put into practice Nietzsche’s earlier ideas from HL concerning how the past ought to be appropriated through the writing of history? I argue that GM does indeed apply some of Nietzsche’s key ideas from HL. In particular, GM remains consistent with HL insofar as it appropriates the past unhistorically, makes use of the monumental and critical modes of history, and appropriates the past in a way that encourages the flourishing of an elite kind of human being. However, Nietzsche’s manner of appropriating the past in GM also diverges from what he espouses in HL. Whereas in HL he emphasizes the usefulness and desirability of forgetting and distorting the past, in GM he exhibits a more notable concern with knowing the truth about the past. I show that this difference in approach is due to the significant change that Nietzsche’s epistemology underwent between the writing of HL and the writing of GM. This difference in approach notwithstanding, the great virtue of illuminating GM through the lens of HL is that it allows us to see more clearly how a lack of concern with truth and knowledge plays a positive role in Nietzsche’s writing of the past in GM. It also helps us to understand why he appropriates the past the way that he does in GM. Just as in HL Nietzsche thought that the past ought to be appropriated in a way that encourages the activity of genius, his writing of the history of European morality in GM is undertaken with the intent to encourage the occurrence and activity of a select kind of human being, a kind of human being that Nietzsche values above all else.

Les équipes de travail occupent aujourd’hui une place particulièrement importante dans les organisations et sont devenues essentielles au bon fonctionnement de nombreuses entreprises (Marks, Mathieu et Zaccaro, 2001). En effet, selon une étude conduite par Kumar (2016) aux États-Unis, 60 % des entreprises prévoyaient implanter davantage d’équipes de travail au cours des deux prochaines années. Il est toutefois possible de constater une forte variation dans le niveau de performance qu’atteignent les équipes en milieu organisationnel, variant d’une très mauvaise performance à une excellente performance (Hackman, 2002 ; Rousseau, Savoie et Battistelli, 2007). Les comportements des membres sont les déterminants les plus directs de la performance des équipes. Dès lors, dans un contexte où les membres adoptent des comportements contre-productifs qui font obstacle au travail en équipe, la performance collective s’en ressent nécessairement. Bien qu’il ait été précédemment établi que les comportements contre-productifs nuisent au bon fonctionnement et à la performance des équipes (ex. : Aubé, Rousseau, Mama et Morin, 2009; Aubé et Rousseau, 2014; Cole, Walter et Bruch, 2008), leurs causes sont encore mal comprises, principalement en ce qui a trait aux facteurs propres au contexte organisationnel. Ainsi, cette thèse a pour premier objectif de clarifier l’état des connaissances sur les comportements contre-productifs dans les équipes et comme second objectif de faire avancer les connaissances relatives aux antécédents contextuels des comportements contre-productifs au sein des équipes de travail. Afin de répondre au premier objectif, une recension de la littérature des vingt dernières années sur les comportements contre-productifs d’équipiers est effectuée dans le premier article de cette thèse. Un modèle intégrant les résultats des recherches empiriques sur les comportements contre-productifs d’équipiers est présenté et un riche agenda de recherches futures est proposé. Ce premier article permet aussi de clarifier la notion de comportements contre-productifs d’équipiers et de les distinguer des autres types de comportements contreproductifs. Afin de répondre au deuxième objectif, soit de faire avancer les connaissances relatives aux antécédents contextuels des comportements contre-productifs d’équipiers, la relation entre le contexte de soutien au travail en équipe et les comportements contre-productifs d’équipiers a été explorée. Toutefois, avant de tester cette relation, il s’avérait nécessaire de valider la structure factorielle du construit de contexte de soutien au travail en équipe. En effet, la structure multidimensionnelle d’ordre supérieur de ce construit n’avait jamais été testée. Ainsi, à travers des analyses de type Bifactor-ESEM, le deuxième article de cette thèse a permis de soutenir l’hypothèse selon laquelle le contexte de soutien au travail en équipe s’avère un construit d’ordre supérieur, composé de quatre facteurs. Enfin, dans le cadre du troisième article, la relation entre le contexte de soutien au travail en équipe et les comportements contre-productifs d’équipiers a été testée à partir d’un échantillon de 105 équipes de travail provenant d’une organisation du domaine de la sécurité publique. Des analyses acheminatoires ont été effectuées et soutiennent un modèle de médiation par lequel une déficience dans le contexte de soutien au travail en équipe génère des affects négatifs d’équipiers, qui se traduisent ensuite par l’adoption de comportements contreproductifs d’équipiers. Les résultats de cette étude soutiennent aussi le rôle modérateur de l’engagement de l’équipe dans la relation entre les affects négatifs et les comportements contreproductifs d’équipiers. / Today, work teams hold a particularly important role in organizations and have become essential to the proper functioning of many businesses (Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro, 2001). Indeed, according to a study conducted by Kumar (2016), 60% of US companies plan to set up more work teams over the next two years. However, work teams are not a guarantee of success, given that strong variations are typically observed in work teams’ performance levels (Hackman, 2002; Rousseau, Savoie and Battistelli, 2007). Team members’ behaviors are the most direct determinants of team performance. Consequently, in a context where members adopt counterproductive behaviors that hinder teamwork, collective performance necessarily suffers. Although it has been previously established that team counterproductive behaviors hinder the proper functioning and performance of teams (e.g., Aubé, Rousseau, Mama and Morin, 2009; Aubé and Rousseau, 2014; Cole, Walter and Bruch, 2008), their causes are still poorly understood, especially in terms of organizational context factors. Thus, the first objective of this thesis is to clarify the state of knowledge on team counterproductive behaviors and the second objective is to advance knowledge of the contextual antecedents of team counterproductive behaviors. To answer the first objective, a review of the literature of the last twenty years on team counterproductive behaviors was carried out in the first article of this thesis. We thus integrate and advance TCBs scholarship by proposing an integrative model and we help identify and guide where future research efforts related to TCBs should be directed. This first article also clarifies the notion of team counterproductive behaviors and distinguishes them from other types of counterproductive behaviors. In order to address the second objective, namely to advance knowledge about the contextual antecedents of team counterproductive behaviors, the relationship between a supportive organizational context for teams and team counterproductive behaviors was explored. However, before testing this relationship, it was deemed necessary to assess the factor structure of the supportive organizational context for teams’ construct. Indeed, its higher-order multidimensional representation had never been tested. Thus, using a Bifactor-ESEM framework, this study supports the notion that a supportive organizational context for teams is a higher-order construct including four components: rewards, information, educational, and resource allocation systems. Finally, in the third paper, the relationship between a supportive organizational context for teams and team counterproductive behaviors was tested using a sample of 105 work teams from an organization in the field of public safety. Using a path analytic procedure, the results of this study support the mediation model: a lack of organizational support aligned with teamwork triggers negative team affective tone responses at a team level, which then drives the adoption of team counterproductive behaviors. Results also corroborate the moderating role of team commitment in the relationship between negative team affective tone and team counterproductive behaviors.

Inledning: Känslor spelar en betydande roll i psykisk ohälsa och är ett fokus i terapeutiskt arbete. De kan gömma sig bakom försvar och i förkroppsligade tillstånd och behöva medvetandegöras. Studien syftar till att utforska bild­psyko­terapeuters erfarenheter av att uttrycka känslor i bildterapi, för att se om bild­interventioner kan komplettera det verbala uttrycket i terapi. Frågeställningar: Hur har bildpsykoterapeuter använt bildskapande för att uttrycka och bearbeta egna känslor? Hur upplever de att det hjälpt till respektive försvårat det psykiska arbetet med egna känslor? Metod: Studien baseras på intervjuer med fem kvinnliga bildpsykoterapeuter. Materialet analyserades i en induktiv tematisk analys. Resultat: Studien visar att bildskapande hjälper till att synliggöra känslor. Det bidrar även till att väcka nya, lugna och symbolisera känslor. Vidare framkommer att bildarbetets ram i sig har en påverkan på känslor. Exempelvis kan ledaren/gruppen påverka, men även vilken sorts bildmaterial som används och hur rummet är utformat. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades i förhållande till att bildinterventioner både kan verka försvårande i arbetet med känslor och vara hjälpsamt. Terapeutens roll i att handskas med detta genom att bedöma patienten och förebilda känslomässigt hållande lyfts fram. Även vikten av att kontrollera variabler som patientens nuläge, typ av bildmaterial och gruppklimat. / Introduction: Feelings play a significant role in mental illness and are a focus in therapeutic work. They may hide behind defenses and in embodied states and may need to be made aware. The study aims to explore art psychotherapists' experiences of expressing emotions in art therapy, to see if art interventions can complement the verbal expression in therapy. Questions: How have art psychotherapists used image creation to express and process their own emotions? How do they feel that it has helped or hindered the mental work with own emotions? Method: The study is based on interviews with five female art psycho­therapists. The material was analyzed in an inductive thematic analysis. Result: The study shows that image creation helps to make emotions visible. It also helps to evoke new, calm and symbolize emotions. Furthermore, it appears that the framework of image creation itself has an impact on emotions. For example, the leader/group can influence, but also what kind of art material is used and how the room is designed. Discussion: The result shows that art interventions both can hinder and promote helpful work with feelings. The therapist's role in dealing with this by assessing the patient and to model containing of emotions is highlighted. Also the importance of controlling variables such as the patient's current situation, type of art material and group climate.

Cette thèse vise à cerner les raisons historiques, intellectuelles et affectives de l’importance que reçoit le problème de la vulnérabilité individuelle dans la culture politique des sociétés modernes. Il s’agit de tenter de comprendre pourquoi et par le concours de quelles transformations normatives et structurelles nous en sommes venus, comme citoyens, à attendre de l’État qu’il nous protège des affres de l’existence. L’oeuvre philosophique de Thomas Hobbes, fondée sur une anthropologie individualiste où l’homme apparaît mû par deux affects, le désir et la crainte, nous paraît être la première formulation théorique de ce problème de la vulnérabilité, et à ce titre, nous posons qu’elle a été déterminante pour l’institutionnalisation d’une rationalité politique proprement moderne. De manière à saisir quelles ont pu être les conditions de possibilité de la philosophie de Hobbes, de même que son influence sur l’imaginaire politique occidental, il nous faut tenter de comprendre non seulement pourquoi l’affectivité humaine a pu se trouver ainsi posée comme enjeu du gouvernement, mais comment elle est aussi liée, de manière générale, au fonctionnement des institutions sociales, lequel est historiquement contingent. Il en va ainsi d’une interrogation, que nous poursuivrons dans un relevé des principaux concepts à l’aide desquels Sigmund Freud, Norbert Elias, Max Weber et Michel Foucault ont pensé les modalités du façonnement social et historique de la subjectivité, et par le biais de laquelle nous espérons expliquer pourquoi le « type d’homme » sur lequel s’appuie le régime libéral moderne implique le vécu d’une expérience affective marquée par un rapport tendu entre le désir et le sentiment de la vulnérabilité.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka de individuella skillnaderna i hur personlighet påverkar identitetsutvecklingen. ”Honesty-humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness versus Anger (A), Conscientiousness (C) och Openess to Experience (O)” förkortas till HEXACO och används för att definiera personlighet. ”Dimensions of Identity Development Scale” förkortas till DIDS och används för att definiera identitetsutveckling. Studien har samlat data genom fysiska enkäter från 261 svenska högskolestudenter i åldrarna 19-45. Enkäten bestod av färdigställda empiriska instrument för personlighet och identitetsutveckling. Personlighetsdomänerna som testades var ärlighet-ödmjukhet, extraversion, känslosamhet, målmedvetenhet, välvillighet och öppenhet. Identitetsfacetterna som testades var åtagande, identifiering med ställningstagande, utforskande på bredden, utforskande på djupet och grubblande utforskande. Studiens frågeställningar var hur HEXACO påverkar DIDS och hur denna studies resultat kommer att skilja sig från den tidigare forskningens resultat. Resultatet visade exempelvis att hög grad av ärlighet-ödmjukhet påverkar utforskandet negativt, vilket indikerar att personer som tenderar att undvika att manipulera andra och är ointresserade av lyx i mindre grad är utforskande i sin identitetsutveckling. I jämförelsen med den tidigare forskningen har denna studies resultat funnit alternativa personlighets påverkan på identitetsutvecklingen som tidigare forskning inte uppvisar. Exempelvis att hög grad av målmedvetenhet påverkar grubblande utforskande negativt, vilket indikerar att målmedvetna personer har en bra grund för en reflekterade självuppmärksamhet i sitt utforskande av identitetsutveckling. / The purpose of this study was to analyze how individual differences in personality affects identity development. Honesty-humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness versus Anger (A), Conscientiousness (C) och Openess to Experience (O) is short for HEXACO, and it is used to define personality. Dimension of Identity Development Scale is short for DIDS, and it is used to define identity development. This study has gathered data by collecting questionnaires from 261 Swedish college students in the ages of 19-45. The questionnaire that was used consisted of established definitions for personality and identity development. The personality domains that were analyzed were Honesty-humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness versus Anger, Conscientiousness, and Openess to Experience. The identity facets that was analyzed were Commitment making, Exploration in breadth, Ruminative exploration, Identification with commitment, and Exploration in depth. The questions posed by this study were how HEXACO will affect DIDS, and how the results will compare to previous research. The results showed, for example, that high a degree of Honesty-humility affects exploration negatively. This indicates that people who tend to avoid manipulating others and is not interested in luxuries is less explorative in his or her identity development. In comparing with results with previous research, this study has found new ways in which personality can affect identity development. One example is that a high degree of Conscientiousness affects Ruminative exploration negatively, which indicates that Conscientious people have a good basis for a reflective self to emerge in his or her identity development exploration.

Group communication, security and 5G technology present a unique dimension of challenges and security remains crucial in the successful deployment of 5G technology across different industry. Group key management plays a vital role in secure group communication. This research work studies various group key management schemes for mobile wireless technology and then a new scheme is proposed and evaluated. The main architecture is analysed, while the components and their roles are established, trust and keying relationships are evaluated, as well as detailed functional requirements. A detailed description of the main protocols required within the scheme is also described. A numerical and simulation analysis is employed to assess the proposed scheme with regards to fulfilling the security requirement and performance requirements. The impact of group size variation, the impact of mobility rate variation are studied with regards to the average rekeying messages induced by each event and 1-affects-n phenomenon. The results obtained from the simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme outperformed other solutions with a minimal number of rekeying messages sent and less number of affected members on each event. The security requirements demonstrate that backward and forward secrecy is preserved and maintained during mobility between areas. Finally, the research work also proposes a 5G-enabled software-defined multicast network (5G-SDMNs), where software-defined networking (SDN) is exploited to dynamically manage multicast groups in 5G and mobile multicast environment. Also, mobile edge computing (MEC) is exploited to strengthen network control of 5G-SDMN. / National Open University of Nigeria