Introduction: It is important to treat youth with HIV and their families appropriately and to understand what they are going through. How can health care professionals work to promote a good health for the HIV positive youth? Aim: Describe health care professionals´ health promotion work among youth with HIV in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Method: Qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. Results: The result was presented in one theme and three categories with eight associated subcategories. The main result was that Tender Loving Care is the core of the health promotion work. Another important factor is to encourage and support the patient as well as to give information. A holistic view of humanity is fundamental in health promotion work among youth with HIV in Khayelitsha, South Africa.  Discussion: It is important to promote a good health despite a chronic illness as HIV. Therefore, it is of great importance for health care professionals to have a sound knowledge of health promotion work regarding youth living with HIV. In Khayelitsha it is not always easy to target these youths and their families with health promotion work because of stigma in a dysfunctional society. The health promotion work for HIV occurs in the context of a dysfunctional society with damaged children and into that you put HIV. Conclusion: Health care professionals in Khayelitsha are struggling with multiple challenges in their health promotion work among youth. South Africa has been hard affected, even though apartheid ended in 1994 one can still see consequences from it. Poverty and prevalence of HIV is still high and it is an ongoing battle in the country to promote a good health among youth with HIV. One can not only look at the health promotion work without taking into account how the society looks.

Bakgrund: Anorexia nervosa (AN) innebär en viljestyrd viktnedgång där en låg sjukdomsinsikt ofta förekommer. Bland de psykiska sjukdomarna har AN den högsta mortaliteten och antalet som vårdas för sjukdomen har sedan 1990-talet tredubblats. För att kunna förstå och på ett djupare plan kunna hjälpa unga kvinnor som lever med sjukdomen behövs kunskap och erfarenhet av deras upplevelser. Syfte: Att beskriva unga svenska kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med Anorexia nervosa. Metod: Induktiv ansats där datamaterialet bestående av självbiografier analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Ur analysen framkom tre kategorier; påverkan på självkänslan, svårigheter i relationen med familj och vänner och sjukdomen reglerar vardagen med sex underkategorier. Konklusion: Unga kvinnor med AN har ett kontrollbehov som orsakar en social hämning och ångest. Dessa kvinnor behöver bekräftelse från sin omgivning och hälso- och sjukvården på att de är sjuka och har rätt till att må bättre. / Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) means a will-controlled weight loss and there is often a low disease insight. AN has the highest mortality rate among mental illnesses, and the number of people who are cared for because of the disease have tripled since the 1990s. Knowledge of young womens expirence of AN are needed to be able to in a deeper level understand and help young women living with the disease. Purpose: To describe young Swedish women's experiences of living with Anorexia nervosa. Method: The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The data material consists of five autobiographies. Results: The analysis revealed three categories; the influence on self- esteem, difficulties in the relationship with family and friends and the disease regulates everyday life with six subcategories. Conclusion: Young women with AN have a need of control that causes a social inhibition and anxiety. These women need confirmation from both their environment and health care that they have a disease.

Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram professionellas erfarenheter och upplevelser i arbetet med ungdomar som har eller har haft ett riskfyllt sexuellt beteende, samt belysa fenomenet sex som självskadebteende. Studiens metodologiska utgångspunkt var en hermeneutisk kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vi har analyserat vårt resultat med hjälp av motivationsteori från Jenner (2004). Vårt huvudsakliga resultat är att de professionella vi intervjuat tror att ungdomar som har ett riskfyllt sexuellt beteende så väl som sex som självskadebeteende, använder det som affektreglering och ett sätt att minska sin ångest. För att försöka minska den här typen av problematik så är relationen mellan professionell och ungdom oerhört viktig, genom tillitsfulla relationer bygger de professionella upp ungdomars självkänsla och självförtroende. En av våra slutsatser är att studien förhoppningsvis kommer att tillföra ytterligare kunskap om sex som självskadebeteende och hur man bygger förtroende med ungdomarna - till professionella inom socialt arbete. Samt en ökad förståelse om hur man närmar sig och pratar öppet om den här problematiken med den här gruppen av människor.

The goal of our study is to analyze how young adults in the ages of 20-23 observe digital newspapers. Our main research question is: Are the visual parts of the news site more important than text for young adults? Our second research question is: How do young adult users switch between visual and text elements? Finally, the last question is: What is it that attracts users into reading an article on an online newspaper? To achieve our goal we used a method called eye-tracking which is a process of recording a person’s eye movements using a infrared camera and a computer program processes that converts the data into visual form. Additionally we have also done short interviews before and after the eye-tracking study as a supplement. A total of seven people participated in our study, three men and four women. After the initial interview, the test subject got to freely browse Sweden’s most popular digital newspaper Aftonbladet.se for the duration of five minutes. Afterwards, every person would have another short interview about their experiences of the site. Our study shows that young adults say that they don’t consider the visual elements to be as important as written text. However, the physical test data shows that the visual elements are in most cases observed before written text. Despite that, the users still spent more time on reading the text as opposed to looking at the photos or other visual elements. It’s hard to specify definitive reading habits, but we can see a pattern that the users tend to switch back and forth between visual and text objects.

Studiens ambition har varit att undersöka hur universitetskuratorer och frivårdsinspektörer arbetar med unga vuxna män avseende rådande samhälleliga maskulinitetsnormer och dess eventuella koppling till unga vuxna mäns (18–25 år) psykiska ohälsa samt undersöka det professionella kunskapsläget gällande detsamma. I studien har sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med fyra frivårdsinspektörer och tre universitetskuratorer. Empirin har analyserats tematiskt där yrkesgrupperna har analyserats separat, men även tillsammans för att tydliggöra eventuella likheter och skillnader. Resultaten i studien ger indikationer på att de frivårdsinspektörer som intervjuats arbetar med delar av begreppet maskulinitetsnormer i större utsträckning än universitetskuratorerna. Gemensamt framkom även indikationer på att utökad forskning och kunskap om unga vuxna män, maskulinitetsnormer och dess eventuella koppling till psykisk ohälsa, potentiellt skulle kunna bidra positivt inom det operativa, professionella sociala arbetsfältet för de yrkesprofessionella som arbetar med unga vuxna män. / <p>2019-01-17</p>

Sociala mediers roll i unga människors liv har kommit att bli en tredje viktig omvärldskomponent i identitetsskapandet och utgör en unik kontext för social jämförelse. Tidigare forskning har visat att Internet och dess tillgänglighet kan ha en inverkan på unga kvinnors självbild och identitetsskapande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur unga kvinnor upplever att deras användande av sociala medier har betydelse för deras självbild. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och datainsamlingen bestod av halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Undersökningsdeltagarna bestod av nio kvinnor i åldrarna 23–28 år. Det transkriberade materialet analyserades enligt kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys med latenta inslag. Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier 1) Användandet av Sociala Medier 2) Självförstärkande och 3) Självnedsättande. Resultatet visade att kvinnorna upplevde att sociala medier kan ha både positivt och negativt inflytande på självbilden. Avslutningsvis diskuteras relevansen av att kontinuerligt bevaka och problematisera sociala medier, både för den enskilde individen men även för samhället i stort. / Social media has become a third important external component of identity creation and constitutes a unique context for social comparison. Previous research has shown that the exposure of internet can affect young women’s self-image and identity creation. The aim of the study was to understand how young women experiencing that their use of social media affects their self-image. The study was conducted with a qualitative method and the data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews. The study participants consisted of nine women in the aged of 23-28 years old. The transcribed material was analyzed according to qualitative manifest content analysis with latent elements. The analysis resulted in three main categories 1) The use of Social Media 2) Self-reinforcing and 3) Self-derogatory. The result of the study showed that social media can have both negative and positive effects on young women’s self-image. The relevance of continuous monitoring and problematizing social media is discussed, both for the individual but also for the society.

<p>The essay investigates juvenile offenders experiences of the sanction ”ungdomstjänst” and how it may change attitudes towards committing criminal acts. The essay introduces qualitative interviews with four juvenile offenders, which have all executed ”ungdomstjänst”. The juveniles experiences of features that can be a part of the attitude change have been analyzed with a model of the motivation process, called ”Fyra F”, and four elements of persuading, which can affect an attitude change. The result shows that the juveniles experience ”ungdomstjänst” as punishing in varying degree, dependent of the different parts of the sanction. Positive experiences of the sanction include that it gives them an opportunity to see things from a different perspective as well as help to get out on the employment market. The analyze shows that ”ungdomstjänst” contain several aspects of the above model and elements which can affect the juveniles attitude to committing crimes. It also appears certain aspects which could be improved by professionals within “ungdomstjänst” in order to increase the number of opportunities to affect the different types of juvenile offenders that they encounter.</p>

<p>The purpose with this essay has been to describe and understand why youth community service became a penalty in Sweden. The political discourse in which youth community service was established has been analyzed with Laclau & Mouffe´s discourse theory. A social constructivist onset and a discourse analysis were the methodological tools of the essay. The result is two folded. Youth community service was created to strengthen the constitutional state, combined with high beliefs of the social services competence. Furthermore the images of the youth offenders had an impact on the argumentation, as well as an ambition to keep the youths outside of the correctional treatment system. The evaluation ten years later showed good results from the new penalty, and wanted to increase the legal security for the youth offenders by making youth community service prescribed by law. The content as well as the intended group the penalty was designed for, has been changed a lot since 1997 when the idea was born.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the young caregivers thoughts of the elderly caretaker. A qualitative method was chosen when interviewing young caregivers in order to get an insight of how they perceive and speak of the elders. The main questions of the study are: How do the caregivers believe that the elders perceive their day-to-day life and situation? Is it possible to distinguish if the young caregiver’s thoughts about the elders affect their work with the elderly caretaker? Is it possible to notice any common factors that the young caregivers perceive as important in their work with the elderly caretaker? The criteria for inclusion in this study are caregivers aged 18 to 25, who are working with elderly at special accommodation. The theories chosen for this study are the salutogenetic perspective, the activity theory and the theory of gerotranscendence. From the outcome of the study the conclusion is that the interaction between the elder and the caregiver seem to be decisive for how the young caregiver think of the elders and their life situation. The caregivers in this study experience that activities give the elderly a meaningful life.</p>

<p>The papers purpose is to examine how the Botkyrka and Huddinge municipalities implement their juvenile law offenders' programs. The paper briefly and concisely outlines the history of juvenile offenders and the social services programs dealing with them. We focus on how two municipalities’, Huddinge and Botkyrka, implement these programs. The municipalities belong to the same judicial district,”Södertörns tingsrätt”. The paper has a qualitative approach with interviews with those responsible for the programs. Recent year’s criticism has been directed towards the lack of control and structure of the application of the program within the municipalities. This paper's conclusion is that implementations of the program vary a great deal between Huddinge and Botkyrka. However, it also shows that Huddinge and Botkyrka are making an effort to remove these differences between their respective programs. On the basis of the analysis of the material, this paper concludes that the programs can be seen as a creation of a mesosystem that include the young and partly its microsystem. Participation in the program will hopefully have a positive influence on the other systems that the young offenders are a part of. The control of that the young is managing its punishment is done by supervision. Trough this supervision the behavioural pattern of the young is influenced. The power and force to change the young offenders, and give them possibilities to change, to deploy and evolve lie within in the use of words and conversation.</p>