Empreendimentos de construção apresentam potencial expressivo para o surgimento de conflitos, os quais, quando se tornam disputas, podem representar o comprometimento de prazos e resultados. O aumento da ocorrência mundial de desentendimentos em contratos de construção tem estimulado a criação de métodos de prevenção e de solução de disputas alternativos aos processos judiciais. Nesse contexto, destacam-se os Dispute Boards, que consistem em conselhos formados por profissionais experientes que acompanham a execução das obras, com a função de prevenir e solucionar conflitos por meio de recomendações e decisões ao longo da realização dos empreendimentos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a dinâmica dos Dispute Boards e identificar as perspectivas de utilização do mecanismo na realidade brasileira. Por meio de uma revisão da literatura, são expostos conceitos, características, vantagens e o panorama internacional de implantação dos Dispute Boards em contratos de construção. No que diz respeito ao contexto nacional, o trabalho levanta as principais iniciativas de incentivo aos Dispute Boards no país e, a partir do estudo de caso da primeira adoção do método no Brasil, evidencia experiências e lições aprendidas. Com base em questionários aplicados a profissionais envolvidos com disputas no setor da construção, também são discutidos desafios, oportunidades e expectativas de crescimento dos Dispute Boards no curto, médio e longo prazo em contratos de construção no Brasil. / Construction projects have significant potential for the emergence of conflicts, which may become disputes and represent the commitment of deadlines and results. The increase of disagreements at construction projects worldwide has stimulated the creation of methods of prevention and solution of disputes, alternatively to standard legal proceedings. In this context, Dispute Boards stand out because they consist of councils formed by experienced professionals who monitor the execution of the works, by preventing and solving conflicts through recommendations and decisions during the construction phase. This work aims to present the dynamics of Dispute Boards and identify the perspectives of its use in the Brazilian outlook. Based on a literature review, concepts, characteristics, advantages and the international panorama of implementation of Dispute Boards in construction contracts are exposed. Regarding the national context, this research highlights the main initiatives to encourage Dispute Boards in the country and, by means of the case study of the first adoption of the method in Brazil, shows experiences and lessons learned. Through surveys applied to professionals involved with disputes in the construction industry, this work also discusses challenges, opportunities and growth expectations for Dispute Boards in the short, medium and long terms in Brazilian construction contracts.

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Le droit de la famille est une vaste matière en constante évolution. Son histoire démontre que ce contentieux n’est pas facile à traiter. Depuis le XVIIème siècle, notre législateur a essayé par différents procédés d’apporter la meilleure réponse au conflit familial. Le tribunal de famille était composé de membres de la famille ou de voisins. Les juristes étaient totalement évincés de cette juridiction durant la Révolution française, et ont progressivement réapparu, pour anéantir cette juridiction au début du XIXème siècle. Le divorce et la filiation bénéficièrent également des changements de la société et connurent de nombreuses réformes. Les guerres mondiales du XXème siècle et la libéralisation de la femme ont amené les professionnels du droit à créer la chambre de la famille composée de juges habilités au traitement des divers conflits familiaux. Cette expérience conduit notre législateur a créer un juge spécialisé en la matière et notamment dans le divorce. Ses pouvoirs se développent en 1993 le remplaçant par le juge aux affaires familiales chargé de l’examen des conflits familiaux, en fonction des compétences qui lui sont confiées. Cependant, ce contentieux restant important, il se trouve dépassé. C’est ainsi que le législateur a introduit la médiation familiale, confiée au médiateur familial. Notre législateur utilise la procédure afin de trouver la meilleure solution au traitement de ces conflits familiaux. Actuellement, la commission Guinchard a soumis plusieurs propositions faisant l’objet de diverses lois intégrées dans notre droit français de la famille pour accroitre les compétences de ce juge et développer les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits. / The family law is a vast subject which is in constant evolution. His history reveals that is litigation is not easy to treat. Since the XVIIth century our legislator tried different systems to bring the best solution to the familial litigation. The Family Court (tribunal de famille) was composed of persons who belong to the family in dispute, or of neighbors. Jurists were completely absent of this jurisdiction during the French Revolution. Finally, citizens realized that jurists were necessary in order to have a justice respecting each one’s rights. It disappeared at the beginning of the XIXth century. The divorce law and filiation law followed changes of the society and knew some reforms. The World Wars of the XXth century and the women’s liberation movement bring up jurists to create the family chamber (chambre de la famille) which is composed of judges who know families disputes. This experience was taken our legislator to invent a judge who is specialized in this subject and especially in the divorce. His powers were developed in 1993 with the “juge aux affaires familiales” who is charged to analyze family’s disputes which are in his competences. But this litigation is always to important and this judge doesn’t have enough time to treat it in a reasonable time, That’s why the legislator integrated into our legal system the familial mediation which is directed by a familial mediator. Our legislator uses the legal term to find the best solution to this litigation. Recently the Commission Guinchard is proposed some ideas which are legalizing in our French family law according more powers to this judge and developing alternative dispute resolutions.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de utilização da mediação para a administração de conflitos nas relações individuais de trabalho. O estudo foi realizado levando em consideração os aspectos virtuosos da mediação, seus enfoques e possibilidades de intervenção. O trabalho leva em conta um conceito de conflito que reputamos adequado aos conflitos de justiça, diferenciando-o de outros enfoques possíveis ao fenômeno. Também foram apreciados os diversos modelos de mediação, a formação e a ética dos mediadores e a capacidade da mediação em representar uma alternativa ao desejado acesso à justiça, sem que isso implique em um viés de resolução da incapacidade do Poder Judiciário em distribuir o justo. A mediação foi estudada em seus princípios e também em sua correlação com os princípios do direito do trabalho, possibilitando estabelecer uma linha argumentativa acerca das críticas e limitações essenciais frequentemente apontadas por aqueles que defendem a incapacidade da mediação em prover uma adequada intervenção nos conflitos em relações individuais de trabalho. O enfoque procurado propõe uma ampliação do conceito de conflito individual de trabalho, estabelecido entre empregadores e empregados, para incluir aqueles conflitos existentes entre empregados e que não recebem previsão de adequado tratamento. Tais conflitos, conhecidos pelos economistas como micro conflitos, são portadores de uma litigiosidade latente que ao se desenvolver tem como única previsão a extinção da relação de trabalho. A intervenção mediadora, assim, representa meio de preservação das relações de trabalho, protegendo ainda os direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores, concedendo uma nova perspectiva de acesso ao justo. / This study aims to carry out a reflection on the possibilities of use of mediation to manage conflict in individual relationships work. The study was performed taking into account the virtuous aspects of mediation, their approaches and possibilities for intervention. The work takes into account a concept of conflict that we deem appropriate to conflicts justice, differentiating it from other possible approaches to the phenomenon. Were also appreciated the various models of mediation, training and ethics of mediators and the ability of mediation to represent a desired alternative to access to justice, without this implying a bias in the resolution of the judiciary\'s inability to distribute the fair. The mediation was studied in its principles and also its correlation with the principles of employment law, allowing to establish a line of argument about the critical and essential limitations often highlighted by those who argue the failure of mediation to provide an adequate intervention in conflicts in individual employment relationships. The approach sought, proposes an expansion of the concept of conflict of employment established between employers and employees, to include those conflicts between employees, which do not receive adequate treatment prediction. Such conflicts, known to economists as micro conflicts, carry a latent litigation has to be developed as the only forecasting the demise of the employment relationship. The mediator intervention thus represents a means of preserving working relationships, yet protecting the fundamental rights of workers, giving a new perspective on access to fair.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natasha Martins do Valle Miranda.pdf: 1431946 bytes, checksum: ff71d5c4abb5ebecf121648ebc86cbfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / International Environmental Law emerged in the last century and is constantly the target of various transformations due to the dynamics that currently surround international relations. Recently, the major challenge of this branch of International Public Law is to establish its own mechanisms for dispute settlement considering that the existing mechanisms for dispute settlement with respect to disputes that involve the protection of environment are limited. This limitations concern, in particular, the non-compulsory nature and the inter-state character of procedures that are available. Despite the deficiencies of the law, International Courts and Tribunal have issued judgments involving the protection of the environment, as the International Court of Justice, the Appellate Body of World Trade Organization and the Tribunal for Law of the Sea. In this scenario, discussions to face this challenge have been emerged; including several arguments have been advanced to justify the establishment of an International Environmental Court. In the other hand, arguments against the establishment of an International Environmental Court have been advanced as well. Due to these facts, this paper will analyze whether the establishment of an International Court able to judge disputes involving international environmental questions may be one of the tools to face this challenge / O Direito Internacional do Meio Ambiente surgiu no século passado e, a todo o momento, está sendo alvo de diversas transformações decorrentes do dinamismo o qual hoje abrange as relações internacionais. Atualmente, o grande desafio desse ramo do Direito Internacional Público é conseguir estabelecer os seus próprios mecanismos para solucionar controvérsias, visto que os mecanismos de solução de controvérsias existentes aptos a julgar conflitos envolvendo a proteção do meio ambiente são limitados. Essa limitação está relacionada particularmente com a falta de jurisdição obrigatória e com o fato de, via de regra, apenas os Estados-Nações poderem participar desses procedimentos disponíveis. Apesar dessas limitações, Cortes e Tribunais Internacionais vêm atuando em disputas envolvendo a proteção do meio ambiente, como a Corte Internacional de Justiça, o Órgão de Apelação da Organização Mundial do Comércio e o Tribunal Internacional sobre o Direito do Mar. Nesse cenário, surgiram diferentes discussões sobre como enfrentar tais limites, inclusive com vários argumentos para justificar a criação de um Tribunal Internacional do Meio Ambiente. Por outro lado, argumentos contrários ao seu estabelecimento também se desenvolveram. Diante dessa conjuntura, a presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar se a criação de uma Corte Internacional apta a julgar disputas envolvendo questões de Direito Internacional do Meio Ambiente pode ser uma das ferramentas para enfrentar essas limitações

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Marcos Hernandes Neto.pdf: 39915686 bytes, checksum: 372a0c4737c6ad6dd535ae0cd18a2044 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The globalization changed substantially the relationships among States, breaking boundaries that were rigids until then. In this new moment in time, an opportunity also came up, by need, of expansion of the private investments towards new territories beyond the ones of their own. So, in time, the economy watched an intense transformation, by which capital gained mobility so far unknown, in a way that investments made in a given State had sources from various other States and, most importantly, coming from the reserves of the private initiative. To the private initiative guarantees started to be needed in order to that its investment did not suffer intervention from the State receiving the investment, and so that its asset wouldn't be damaged. Of these guarantees, the highlights are the investment agreements, the domestic legislation of the host State that aimed to protect the foreign investment and, at last, the international treaties. Each one of these instruments, at its own way, tried to offer security to the foreign investor, so that it would then venture in that territory. One of the main forms of guaranteeing the foreign investment is to transfer the competence to judge eventual disputes concerning such investments from the courts of the host State to international arbitration. Because it is an independent tribunal and, theoretically, better provided with resources to deal with the issue involved in such a controversy, arbitration has become attractive to investors afraid of the expropriatory acts that could be taken by the host States of their capital. The emergence of ICSID (or CIRDI) through the Washington Convention of 1965 as an institution specialized in this kind of dispute of foreign investment between private investor and host State granted even more soundness to this system. However, the ICSID jurisdiction is not simple, because it demands the analysis of various factors to its definition, both as the parties involved (ratione personae) and the subject in dispute (ratione materiae). The Washington Convention still sets forth a specific procedure to be followed by the arbitration under its auspices, as well as to the enforcement of the award stemming from it. Therefore, this is a subject filled with nuances that must be carefully analyzed and detailed / A globalização modificou substancialmente as relações entre os Estados, derrubando fronteiras até então rígidas. Nesse novo momento histórico, surgiu também a oportunidade, pela necessidade, de expansão dos investimentos dos particulares a novos territórios além de seu próprio Estado. Assim, com o tempo, a economia assistiu uma transformação intensa, por meio da qual o capital adquiriu uma mobilidade até então desconhecida, de modo que os investimentos realizados em um determinado Estado passaram a ter como origem diversos outros Estados, e, mais importante, sendo proveniente das reservas da iniciativa privada. A esta passou a serem necessárias garantias de que seu investimento não sofreria intervenção do Estado que o recebia, para que seu patrimônio não fosse prejudicado. Dentre estas garantias destacam-se os contratos de investimento, as legislações nacionais do Estado receptor que visavam proteger o investimento estrangeiro e, por fim, os tratados internacionais. Cada um destes instrumentos, a seu próprio modo, buscava oferecer segurança ao investidor estrangeiro, para que ele então se aventurasse naquele território. Uma das principais formas de se garantir o investimento estrangeiro é a transferência da competência para julgar eventuais disputas concernentes a tais investimentos do judiciário do Estado receptor à arbitragem internacional. Por se tratar de um tribunal independente e, teoricamente, melhor municiado para lidar com a problemática envolvida em uma controvérsia desta natureza, a arbitragem se tornou atrativa aos investidoras, receosos dos atos expropriatórios que poderiam vir a ser tomados pelos Estados receptores de seu capital. O surgimento do ICSID (ou CIRDI) através da Convenção de Washington de 1965, como instituição especializada neste tipo de controvérsia de investimento estrangeiro entre investidor privado e Estado receptor, deu ainda maior solidez a este sistema. A jurisdição do ICSID não é, entretanto, questão simples, pois exige a análise de diversos fatores para sua definição, tanto no âmbito dos sujeitos envolvidos (ratione personae) quanto no âmbito da matéria em disputa (rafione materiae). A Convenção de Washington estipula ainda um procedimento especifico a ser seguido pela arbitragem sob seus auspícios, bem como para a execução do laudo arbitral dela derivado. Trata-se, portanto, de assunto recheado de nuances que devem ser cautelosamente analisadas e detalhadas

Based on the analysis of legal regulations, data and other information regarding consumer protection, it is proposed to establish a specific system of out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes. The settlement is proposed in three variants, showing the best variant, and meets the basic principles and objectives for this type of settlement of consumer disputes -- transparency, better efficiency and low cost. The system was proposed based on information obtained from international studies, documents, national sources -- the market surveillance authority, non-governmental consumer associations, etc. as well as on experience with preparing and implementing the recent pilot project of out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes.

Varje år hamnar ett antal fastighetstvister om hävning, återgång och bättre rätt i tingsrätterna. Dessa tvister antecknas i fastighetsregistret, men utan någon information om vad tvisterna handlar om. Frågeställningen i detta examensarbete är: Vad är orsakerna bakom tvister om hävning, återgång och bättre rätt som hamnar i tingsrätterna? Syftet är att undersöka om det finns något mönster, eller några återkommande skäl till tvist och om det går att göra något för att minska antalet tvister. Ett fastighetsköp kan hävas av flera olika anledningar, till exempel om fastigheten är behäftad med allvarliga fel. Återgång kan ske när en överlåtelse av någon anledning är ogiltig. En talan om bättre rätt kan väckas av någon som anser sig ha bättre rätttill en fastighet än den som besitter den. Metoden bestod i att granska ett antal tingsrättsärenden utifrån de fastigheter som fått en anteckning om tvist i fastighetsregistret under 2015. Tvisterna delades in i huvudgrupperna hävning, återgång och bättre rätt och därefter i undergrupper utifrån skälen bakom tvisterna. Totalt studerades 46 tvister. Av dessa tvister handlade endast en om hävning, 17 tvister handlade om återgångoch 28 handlade om bättre rätt. Gränsen mellan återgång och bättre rätt visade sig dock inte vara knivskarp. Följande undergrupper skapades: Hävning: Endast en tvist, inga undergrupper. Återgång: Återvinning, ogiltiga gåvor, förfalskningar. Bättre rätt: Dold samäganderätt, avstyckningar, förfalskningar, dubbelöverlåtelser, ogiltiga köp, ogiltiga gåvor, enskild egendom, oklara köp. Totalt var de vanligaste orsakerna återvinning efter konkurs (10 st.), ogiltiga gåvor (7 st.), förfalskningar (7 st.), dold samäganderätt (6 st.) och avstyckningar (5 st.). De flesta tvisterna var mellan personer som kände varandra sedan tidigare, många var inom familjen. För att minska antalet tvister diskuteras främst elektroniska fastighetsöverlåtelser. / Every year a number of real property disputes about cancellation, return and superior title end up in the district courts. These disputes are notedin the Real Property Register, but without any information on what they are about. The research question in this theses is: What are the reasons behind disputes about cancellation,return and superior titlethat endup in the district courts? The purpose is to investigate if there are any patterns or recurrent reasons for disputes and if there is anything that can be done to reduce the number of disputes. A real property transfer can be cancelled for multiple reasons, for example if the property contains serious faults. A return can happen if a transfer for some reasonis invalid. A claim for superior title can be raised by someone that considers himself better entitled to the property than the one who possess it. The method was to examine a number of district court cases based on the real properties that had gotten a dispute notein the Real Property Register in 2015. The disputes were divided into the main groups cancellation, return and superior title and then into sub groups based on the reasons behind the disputes. In total 46 disputes were investigated. Out of these disputes there was only one about cancellation, 17 were about returnand 28 were about superior title. The line between return and superior title did prove not to be so sharpe though. The following sub groups were created: Cancellation: Only one dispute, no sub groups. Return: Recovering, invalid gifts, forgery. Superior title: Hidden co-ownership, subdivisions, forgery, double transfers, invalid purchases, invalid gifts, individual property, unclear purchases. In total the most common reasons were recovering after bankruptcy (10), invalid gifts (7), forgery (7), hidden co-ownership (6) and subdivisions (5). Most of the disputes were between people that already knew each other, many were within family. To reduce the number of disputes mainly electronic real property transfers is discussed

The diploma thesis Property disputes of the fifties in the 16th century in České Budějovice handles property disputes, disputes over honor and payments records within the years 1550 - 1560 deposited in the State District Archive in České Budějovice. Emphasis is placed on analysis of the city code Urban Rights of Brikcí from Licko. Attention was paid mainly to the property rights of the citizens in the standard and in practice. The practical part of the work focused on the analysis of individual disputes and the behavior of the citizens in specific cases with an emphasis on the use of the Code.

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012