This thesis is a study of the norms and values of political culture during the 15th century.  The political culture gives the struggle for power in the Kalmar Union in the 15th century its characteristics.  The aim of this study is to identify the political culture and how it contributed to the political polarisation and disagreement within the Kalmar Union during the reign of King Karl Knutsson (Bonde) 1448-1470 and Regent Sten Sture 1470-1503. The theoretic approach is based partly on Eva Österberg’s definition of political culture, but mainly the theory is based on Harald Gustafsson’s thoughts and identified eight arguments for legitimising power used in political correspondence during the 16th century. These arguments are examples of how someone could express themselves to legitimise their power. The method used in this study identifies what non-vocal structures and values that are expressed in the official material of legal documents including treaties and open letters to or from the common people. Firstly, the context of the document is identified and information like who wrote it, when and why, secondly the study analyses how the operators’ addresses and use titles to one another. Thirdly the study identifies words and phrases that express positive values for legitimation. The values that has been found have been analysed in comparison to the law in order to identify if the values could be found in the laws as well. To conclude the study found that there are differences in how the operators expresses themselves and the emotional connection to the situation, although non-vocal structures like norms enforce the operators to apply a certain amount of respect. The political culture and the diplomatic mission creates the standards used in addressing their opponent. Therefore the choices of words are important and the study identifies five larger values that comes to light, they are law and justice, unity, assurances, commitments and duties and good characteristics. All of these can be identified during the entire research period and supported by the values expressed in the law.

Em nossa dissertação, estudamos o manual retórico de Sulpício Vítor, Institutiones Oratoriae. Nossa pesquisa é dividida em quatro partes. Na primeira, comentamos a bibliografia especializada que nos antecede, abordando questões importantes, como datação, ocorrência de alguns elementos retóricos e semelhança com outros manuais. Na segunda, comparamos os exemplos fornecidos por nosso autor com exercícios declamatórios, sobretudo os de Sêneca pai, mas também os de Calpúrnio Flaco e de Pseudo-Quintiliano. Na terceira, analisamos e explicamos a teoria dos estados de causa de Sulpício Vítor, comparando, sempre que possível, suas lições com as de outros textos. Na última, apresentamos uma tradução anotada para o português. / In our dissertation, we study Sulpitius Victors rhetoric handbook, Institutiones Oratoriae. Our research is divided into four parts. The first consists of a commentary to the specialized bibliography that precedes us, addressing important issues, such as dating, occurrence of some rhetorical elements and similarities with other handbooks. The second aims to compare examples given by our author with declamation exercises, especially those ones of Seneca the Elder, but also the ones of Calpurnius Flaccus and of Ps. Quintilian. The third is dedicated to the analysis and elucidation of Sulpitius Victors issue-theory, as we compare, whenever possible, his lessons with the ones of other texts. The last includes an annotated Portuguese translation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Gimenes Branco.pdf: 2463016 bytes, checksum: d3ca20aa76336b1d870b8e9b333aab63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The global society is undergoing deep changes in its social, economic, political and cultural structure. In this context, the quest for the understanding of the reality of the world and, in particular, the building of sense for life and existence, has been many times undertaken by the human beings. The contemporaneity with an increasingly complex time has defying many individuals to work for the construction and perfecting of their own manhood, that occurs throughout the life cycle. The humanization of the being, in all phases of life, assumes the education experience as a singular development process, wherein each individual must be fully served in his specificities, recognized in his abilities, understood in his difficulties, so that his rights are respected and valued. An expressive number of elder people have been received, in the last years, by several higher education institutions in Brazil. In the city of São Paulo, in particular, there are a large number of institutions that develop social-educational programs intended to that public, in order to assure the possibility of learning along life and experiencing inter-generation relationships at the old age. This qualitative approach research aimed at understanding the meanings of the singular experience of aging of ten older women that attend to an educational program developed by a private higher education institution in the city of São Paulo, considering the reasons for their entrance, their expectations as to the proposals and dynamics of the program, type of participation and the perception of the interviewed participants on the living with the colleagues and the most significant lessons learned along this process. Through the analysis of the data collected in individual interviews, we could find that aging is a dynamic, singular, complex and heterogeneous process that does not involve only difficulties and painful losses, but also important acquisitions that help older women to re-code their own perception that they have built about old age and the aging process. The learning of recognizing their vulnerabilities and limitations, resulting from the decline caused by the aging process, the development of their self-esteem and the valuation of dignity, resulting from the experiences of this permanent education program and the construction of friendship bonds were, undoubtedly, the best conquests for these women. Considering that aging is a singular process, the development is continuous, permitting new learning and opportunities for change / A sociedade global vive profundas transformações em sua estrutura social, econômica, política e cultural. Neste contexto, a busca da compreensão sobre a realidade mundial e, principalmente, a construção de sentidos para a vida e existência, tem sido muitas vezes empreendida pelo humano. A contemporaneidade como um tempo de complexidade crescente, vem desafiando muitos indivíduos a trabalharem pela construção e aperfeiçoamento de sua própria humanidade, que ocorre por todo o ciclo de vida. A humanização do ser, em todas as fases da vida, supõe a vivência da educação como um processo de desenvolvimento singular, onde cada indivíduo deve ser plenamente atendido em suas especificidades, reconhecido em suas habilidades, compreendido em suas dificuldades, de modo que seus direitos sejam respeitos e valorizados. Um expressivo contingente de pessoas idosas vem sendo acolhido nos últimos anos por diversas instituições de educação superior no Brasil. Na cidade de São Paulo, em especial, há um grande número de instituições que desenvolvem programas sócio-educacionais destinados a este público, a fim de garantir a possibilidade de aprendizagem ao longo da vida e da vivência de relacionamentos intergeracionais na velhice. Esta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, objetivou compreender os significados da experiência singular do envelhecimento de dez mulheres idosas que freqüentam um programa de educação desenvolvido por uma instituição de educação superior privada da cidade de São Paulo, considerando as razões do seu ingresso, suas expectativas em relação às propostas e dinâmicas do programa, tipo de participação e as percepções das entrevistadas sobre a convivência com as colegas e as aprendizagens mais significativas construídas ao longo desse processo. Através da análise dos dados coletados em entrevistas individuais, pudemos constatar que o envelhecimento é um processo dinâmico, singular, complexo e heterogêneo, que não envolve apenas dificuldades e perdas dolorosas, mas também aquisições importantes que auxiliam as mulheres idosas a recodificarem a própria percepção que construíram sobre a velhice e o processo de envelhecimento. O aprendizado do reconhecimento das suas vulnerabilidades e limitações, resultantes do declínio causado pelo processo de senescência, o desenvolvimento da sua auto-estima e da valorização da dignidade, resultantes das vivências nesse programa de educação permanente e a construção de vínculos de amizade foram, sem dúvida, as maiores conquistas para essas mulheres. Considerando que o envelhecimento se constitui em processo singular, o desenvolvimento é contínuo, possibilitando novas aprendizagens e oportunidades de mudanças

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vera Lucia Tavares.pdf: 107214831 bytes, checksum: f1016e97b07cb2aa1f4547b4f8e15e3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-07 / Aging is a world phenomenon that comprises biological, psychological, and social changes, which many times lead the elder to a total or partial dependence of a caretaker, who are usually the spouses, sons, daughters, daughters-in-law, sonsin- law, nephews, nieces, or grandchildren. Most of these caretakers do not have a healthcare professional background, but are moved by their good will and availability. However, it is noticed that, more and more, these relatives have professional activities out of the house and the Long-Term Stay Institutions (LTSI) many times consist in the only choice for these subjects and their families. The purpose of this study is to identify the will of the residents regarding the LTSI, and what they expect of the place where they live, through a qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection technique, upon the use of an open-question questionnaire. Reflections regarding the social representations of the residents of this LTSI, which identify their wishes related to the place where they live and what they expect of it, are presented. These reflections also identify the inter-relations among residents and how they relate to the institution managers, contributing for the resident to preserve his/her functional ability and autonomy. There are also suggestions for the elaboration of action plans for the continuous healthcare improvements to these residents, turning the LTSI into a pleasant community, which provides them with quality of life and preserves their identities / O envelhecimento é um fenômeno mundial que pressupõe alterações biológicas, psicológicas e sociais, que muitas vezes leva o idoso a uma dependência total ou parcial de um cuidador que geralmente são os cônjuges, filhos, noras, genros, sobrinhos ou netos. Esses cuidadores em sua maioria não dispõem de uma formação profissional de saúde, mas são movidos por sua boa vontade e pela disponibilidade. Porém, percebe-se que cada vez mais, esses familiares exercem atividades profissionais fora do lar e as Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) constituem-se muitas vezes, na única opção para esses indivíduos e suas famílias. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os desejos dos moradores com relação a ILPI, e o que eles esperam do lugar onde moram, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Foi utilizada como técnica de coleta de dados, entrevistas semi estruturadas, mediante a utilização de um questionário com questões abertas. Apresento reflexões que se referem às representações sociais dos moradores que vivem nesta ILPI, identificando seus desejos com relação ao local onde residem e o que esperam deste local. Identificando ainda as relações dos moradores entre si e como se relacionam com os dirigentes da instituição, contribuindo para que o idoso morador preserve sua capacidade funcional e autonomia e também através de sugestões para a elaboração de planos de ação para melhorias contínuas de assistência a esses moradores, tornando a ILPI uma comunidade aprazível, proporcionado-lhes qualidade de vida e preservando sua identidade

Em nossa dissertação, estudamos o manual retórico de Sulpício Vítor, Institutiones Oratoriae. Nossa pesquisa é dividida em quatro partes. Na primeira, comentamos a bibliografia especializada que nos antecede, abordando questões importantes, como datação, ocorrência de alguns elementos retóricos e semelhança com outros manuais. Na segunda, comparamos os exemplos fornecidos por nosso autor com exercícios declamatórios, sobretudo os de Sêneca pai, mas também os de Calpúrnio Flaco e de Pseudo-Quintiliano. Na terceira, analisamos e explicamos a teoria dos estados de causa de Sulpício Vítor, comparando, sempre que possível, suas lições com as de outros textos. Na última, apresentamos uma tradução anotada para o português. / In our dissertation, we study Sulpitius Victors rhetoric handbook, Institutiones Oratoriae. Our research is divided into four parts. The first consists of a commentary to the specialized bibliography that precedes us, addressing important issues, such as dating, occurrence of some rhetorical elements and similarities with other handbooks. The second aims to compare examples given by our author with declamation exercises, especially those ones of Seneca the Elder, but also the ones of Calpurnius Flaccus and of Ps. Quintilian. The third is dedicated to the analysis and elucidation of Sulpitius Victors issue-theory, as we compare, whenever possible, his lessons with the ones of other texts. The last includes an annotated Portuguese translation.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T21:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Janaína_Amorim_de_Avila.pdf: 3116845 bytes, checksum: 79a50ae79fa8d1ad309cf1b4154c62ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T21:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Janaína_Amorim_de_Avila.pdf: 3116845 bytes, checksum: 79a50ae79fa8d1ad309cf1b4154c62ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-26 / Sem bolsa / O presente estudo enfocou os profissionais que trabalham em rede pública de atendimento aos idosos negligenciados ou socialmente vulneráveis. O aumento expressivo de pessoas idosas, na sociedade brasileira, e a previsão de um contingente ainda maior nas décadas futuras remetem os profissionais e a sociedade, como um todo, a criar estratégias para diminuir ou acabar com a negligência e a vulnerabilidade social praticada contra a pessoa idosa. O estudo teve como objetivo geral: compreender o significado do atendimento aos idosos negligenciados ou socialmente vulneráveis para os profissionais da rede pública. E quanto aos específicos: Conhecer a organização da rede pública de serviços no atendimento prestado aos idosos negligenciados ou socialmente vulneráveis; Identificar as ações prestadas pelos profissionais que promovem assistência aos idosos negligenciados ou socialmente vulneráveis. Esta pesquisa foi fundamentada na linha do interacionismo simbólico, devido contemplar não só a complexa relação entre a sociedade, indivíduo e rede de serviços de atendimento, mas, também, o desenvolvimento de símbolos significantes e o processo de comportamento da mente, a partir de uma orientação filosófica e de fatos da existência real. A metodologia proposta nessa tese foi de cunho qualitativo, caráter exploratório e de análise de conteúdo somativa. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de ética da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sob o parecer de número 2000.242, obedecendo aos preceitos éticos que direcionam a pesquisa com seres humanos no Brasil. A investigação transcorreu no município de Rio Grande/RS, cidade portuária, em que a população idosa apresenta uma estatística superior aos índices nacionais, sendo de 13,81%. A coleta de dados dessa averiguação transcursou por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de abril a maio de 2017, com 21 participantes, sendo que 17 eram do sexo feminino, quatro masculino e na faixa etária entre 25 a 61anos. Quanto ao tempo de vinculação ao serviço variava entre 3 a 20 anos e com relação à formação profissional, 14 dos profissionais possuíam pós-graduação, nas áreas de Saúde Coletiva e Saúde da Família. A técnica de análise de conteúdo somativa ocorreu em três etapas: a pré-análise; a exploração do material que se repetia; a inferência e interpretação. Resultados: as entrevistas com os profissionais permitiram compreender que o profissional é o elo entre os dois mundos no atendimento ao idoso vulnerável e negligenciado, uma vez que ao atuar nesses universos, o profissional manifesta sentimentos diferenciados, ou seja, de satisfação com as resoluções dos casos e de frustração pela falta de apoio e sensibilidade dos gestores públicos em ofertar recursos suficientes para manutenção de um serviço proativo. Acredita-se que a vulnerabilidade e a negligência para o idoso só acabará ou minimizará se houver a mobilização dos profissionais e dos próprios idosos numa parceria de cidadania participativa. / The present study focused on professionals working in a public network of care for the neglected or socially vulnerable elderly. The significant increase in the number of elderly people in Brazilian society and the prediction of an even larger contingent in the coming decades remind professionals and society as a whole to create strategies to reduce or eliminate the neglect and social vulnerability practiced against elderly. The objective of the study was to understand the meaning of care for neglected or socially vulnerable elderly people in the public network. And as for the specific ones: To know the organization of the public network of services in the care provided to the neglected or socially vulnerable elderly; Identify the actions provided by professionals who provide care to the neglected or socially vulnerable elderly. This research was founded on the line of symbolic interactionism, due to not only the complex relationship between society, individual and the service network, but also the development of significant symbols and the process of behavior of the mind, from a philosophical orientation and facts of real existence. The methodology proposed in this thesis was qualitative, exploratory and analysis of summative content. The investigation was carried out in the city of Rio Grande / RS, a port city, where the elderly population has a statistic higher than the national indexes, being 13.81%. As far as the time of connection to the service varied between 3 to 20 years and in relation to the professional formation, 14 of the professionals had postgraduate, in the areas of Collective Health and Family Health. The technique of summative content analysis occurred in three stages: pre-analysis; the exploitation of the material that was repeated; the inference and interpretation. Results: interviews with professionals allowed us to understand that the professional is the link between the two worlds in the care of the vulnerable and neglected elderly, since when working in these universes, the professional expresses different feelings, that is, satisfaction with the resolutions of the cases and frustration due to the lack of support and sensitivity of the public managers in offering sufficient resources to maintain a proactive service. It is believed that vulnerability and neglect for the elderly will only end or be minimized if the professionals and the elderly themselves are mobilized in a participatory citizenship partnership.

In India, issues of gender discrimination and female empowerment have become more prominent in the last several years. Elderly women, specifically widows, are often abandoned or not well cared for by family members and are typically marginalized within Indian society, vulnerable, and susceptible to poverty. This is an exploratory analysis with a research hypothesis asking, who are the caregivers of elderly widows? Statistics indicate that women may be taking on more of a care giving role with elderly widows which in turn may exacerbate the already existing issues of poverty and neglect for this population. The purpose of this study was to examine in more depth the factors related to living arrangements of elderly Indian widows using the NFHS-3 (2005-2006) data set. Quantitative methods of secondary data analysis and systematic literature review are employed in this research. sociological factors related to family self-reported living arrangement, age of widow, education, caste, socioeconomic level, religion, and geographic region were analyzed using data from the respondents identified as older widows (N=2,176). Findings indicate 78% report living alone or in non-familial households while 22% reported living in various familial constellations. The odds of living with a relative versus not living with a relative were found to be significant for three variables: age, religion Muslim, and region Northern. Living arrangements for elderly widows in Indian society are determined based on a complex system of logic embedded in a patrilineal descent, family convention, religion, and regional cultural practices. Understanding these complex factors is important in predicting the needs and available services for this population of vulnerable elderly women.

我們利用「台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查研究」這份資料，以似無關迴歸(Seemingly Unrelated Regression)模型，探討老人的資產持有行為，發現：一般老年人口並不偏好持有股票，持有行為相當少見，但高教育、高所得、都市化地區（尤其是直轄市）的老人，可能分別因為高教育程度、所得效果影響、都市地區資訊流通快速等因素，使得這類型老人明顯較願意持有股票。 另一方面，在台灣，不動產扮演的角色特殊，傳統認為其與家族宗系連結，在持有行為上並非只從風險報酬觀點去看待，通常還與其他考量有關，因此在持有行為上有其特殊模式。 同時，我們也發現，老人婚姻關係的消解(dissolution)，例如離婚/分居，將對資產持有產生負面的財富效果影響，使得這類型老人各項資產的持有都顯著低於已婚/同居的老人；而健康情形越差的老人持有的不動產與存款也越少，應與此類老人有較高的醫療與保健支出，造成負面的財富效果有關。 除此之外，台灣老人平均而言，持有的不動產會隨年紀降低，但持有的存款會隨年紀而上升，主要與台灣老人隨著年紀上升，所得逐漸不足以維生，產生了反儲蓄(dissave)不動產的現象，有所關聯。我們認為台灣確實存在老人「以房養老」的現象。 最後，我們認為很重要的一點是，台灣老人資產的持有行為，並不是使用傳統的風險報酬概念就能解釋，我們必須考量其他可能因素，才能有效分析台灣老人所表現出來的資產持有行為。 / The general elders don’t prefer to hold stocks, but the elders of high-level education, the elders of high-level income and the elders in metropolis are more willing to hold stocks. Besides, the real estate plays a special role. People regard that it is linked up with the family or kindred. We also find out that the dissolution of relationship in elder’s marriage causes negative wealth effect on holding assets. The similar effect exists in much unhealthy elders. The elders hold less real estate as they getting older, but hold more stocks. It might due to that elders dissave their real estate. Finally, besides perspective of risk-reward, it might appropriate that think the behavior of holding assets in other view-points.

Utilizing the analytical solution of the steady state sharp interface saltwater intrusion model in coastal aquifers, a multi-objective optimization formulation of pumping rates and well locations in a coastal aquifer is formulated to solve problems in water management practice. The proposed optimization problem uses progressive genetic algorithm technique and the method developed is applied to the previous work of Cheng et al. [2000]. Through this analysis, several other applications are provided to demonstrate the use of the model in practical applications. This work is the first to optimize pumping rates as well as well locations simultaneously in coastal aquifer management. Known the limitation of the analytical solution, the work is expanded to cover the physics of saltwater intrusion in a more realistic way. This is variable density flow in a variably saturated porous medium. In this method, mixing between two fluids such as saltwater and freshwater can be described and the porous medium is also expanded to cover saturated and unsaturated zones together. One of the objectives is to develop a three dimensional physical model, verify the model, and apply to various applications in coastal aquifers. The developed model, TechFlow, is used to investigate instability issues associated with the numerical solution of the Elder problem in the perspective that includes physical instability issues associated with density differences used in numerical solutions, sensitivity of the solution to idealization irregularity, and the importance of accurate estimation of the velocity field and its association to the grid density levels that is necessary to solve the problem accurately. Saltwater intrusion hydrodynamics in a beach under the influence of tidal effects is also investigated using TechFlow. Based on the results of TechFlow with the use of various boundary conditions for the transport equation, the saltwater intrusion hydrodynamics in a beach under the influence of tidal effects shows unique dynamics. These solutions are primarily affected by density differences, tidal effects on a mild slope, variably saturated porous medium and finite domain solution condition. TechFlow is also used to investigate saltwater upconing beneath pumping wells both two- and three-dimensional applications.

O estudo teve por objetivo investigar os programas de atividade física para idosos desenvolvidos pela Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, RS. Foram pesquisadas a Fundação de Assistência Social e Cidadania - FASC e a Secretaria Municipal de Esportes, Recreação e Lazer – SME, instituições responsáveis pelo planejamento e execução dos programas de atividades física para idosos na cidade. Estes programas atendem cerca de 3500 pessoas, organizados em 58 grupos. São oferecidas atividades de ginástica, alongamento, jogos adaptados, dança e caminhadas. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa do tipo descritiva com amostra intencional. Para a coleta das informações utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada, análise documental e questionário. Foram entrevistados 14 coordenadores e 7 professores. Na análise documental, foram pesquisados 28 documentos, entre projetos, resoluções, material informativo e relatórios. O questionário com questões abertas e fechadas foi aplicado em 205 pessoas. Foram construídos níveis de análise para as entrevistas e a avaliação dos documentos. Os dados dos questionários foram tratados estatisticamente com o Software SPSS e utilizados procedimentos não paramétricos de análise, freqüências e porcentagens. Os resultados indicaram que a falta de recursos humanos e materiais interfere na implementação dos programas. O número de participantes nas atividades físicas é ainda inexpressivo frente à população idosa de Porto Alegre. Isto faz com que os programas não sejam caracterizados como uma política abrangente. Com relação às ações preventivas de doenças crônico-degenerativas que atingem os idosos, as ações ocorrem mais por iniciativa dos profissionais envolvidos do que por políticas institucionais. Por outro lado, destaca-se que o trabalho desenvolvido pelas instituições estudadas se reverte em benefícios para a população participante, o que nos leva pensar em uma política pública de atividade física capaz de abranger uma parte significativa da população de idosos, já que muitas das doenças crônico-degenerativas poderiam ser evitadas e/ou controladas com a atividade física. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity programs for elder people developed by the City Council of Porto Alegre, RS. The research was carried out in the Foundation of Social Attendance and Citizenship - FASC and the Secretary of Sports, Recreation and Leisure – SME, responsible institutions for the planning and execution of physical activities programs for elder people in the city. These programs assist about 3500 people, organized in 58 groups, and offer gymnastics, stretching classes, adapted games, dancing and walking. The study was qualitative of the descriptive type with intentional sample. Data collection used semistructured interviews, document analysis and questionnaire. There were interviewed 14 coordinators and 7 teachers. Document analysis considered 28 materials, among projects, resolutions, informative prospects and reports. The questionnaire with open and close questions was applied to 205 people. Analysis levels were built for the interviews and the evaluation of the documents. The data of the questionnaires received statistical treatment with the PSS and nonparametric procedures of analysis, frequencies and percentages were used. The results indicated that the lack of human resources and materials interfere in the implementation of the programs. The number of participants in the physical activities is still inexpressive front to the elder population of Porto Alegre. In this respect, the programs cannot be characterized as a comprehensive public policy. In relation to the preventive actions of chronic-degenerative diseases that affect the elder people, the actions occur more from involved professionals' initiative than for institutional policies. On the other hand, the work developed by the studied institutions reverts in benefits for the participant population. This suggests a public policy of physical activity capable to embrace a significant part of the elder population, since many of the chronic-degenerative diseases could be avoided or controlled with the aim physical activity.